Objective To explore the effect and compare the relapse rates of 1-desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin(DDAVP) different withdrawal ways after initial 3 months in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis(PMNE) patients,in order to provide some evidences and references to use DDAVP to cure PMNE preferably.Methods Two hundred and fifty-six cases PMNE patients who were treated in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into group A (DDAVP immediate withdrawal group,65 cases),group B(DDAVP day reduction group,58 cases) and group C (DDAVP step reduction group,60 cases).All patients were given DDAVP tables for 3 months.After 3 months for DDAVP,patients who were effective (full respond and partial respond) to DDAVP continued to undergo a withdrawal stage,those in group A underwent immediate cessation,those in group B continued to receive the effective dose every other day for 2 months and those in group C were step by step tapered by 0.05-0.10 mg every 2-4 weeks until completely stopped,the period was not more than 3 months.All patients had a follow-up visit for 3 months after cessation of DDAVP.Results A total of 183 patients completed the study finally,there were 65 patients in group A,58 patients in group B and 60 patients in group C.Initial 3 months the effective rates of group A,B and C were respectively 89.23％ (58/65),89.66％ (52/58) and 86.67％ (52/60),there were not statistically significant difference(x2 =0.309,P =0.857).There were 58 patients in group A,52 patients in group B and 52 patients in group C continued to undergo the withdrawal stage.One month after cessation of DDAVP,the effective rates of group B (88.46％,46/52) and group C (92.31％,48/52) were significantly higher than group A(67.24％,39/58) (x2 =7.030,P=0.008;x2 =10.417,P=0.001),while the relapse rates of group B(19.23％,10/52) and group C(17.31％,9/52) were significantly less than group A(36.21％,21/58) (x2=3.904,P=0.048;x2=4.937,P =0.026).Three months after cessation of DDAVP,the effective rates of group C (78.85％,41/52) were significantly higher than group A (50.00％,29/58) and group B (57.69％,30/52) (x2 =9.859,P=0.002;x2 =5.371,P=0.020),and the relapse rates of group C(32.69％,17/52) were significantly less than group A (55.17％,32/58) and group B (51.92％,27/52) (x2 =5.609,P =0.018;x2 =3.939,P =0.047),while the effective rates and relapse rates were not statistically significant difference between group A and group B(x2 =0.652,P =0.419;x2 =0.116,P =0.733).Severe adverse events related to DDAVP were not observed in any patients.Conclusion Gradual withdrawal after initial 3 months of DDAVP may improve the effect and reduce the relapse rates,the short-term and long-term curative effects of step-by-step withdrawal treatment are both well,while long-term curative effects of every other day withdrawal treatment is not obviously well.

Objective To learn the current status of job burnout and influencing factors for nurses from infectious disease hospital.Methods The Chinese version MBI -HSS was used to survey 218 nurses from infectious disease hospital,and linear regression was used to analyze the influencing facters of job burnout.Results A total of 210 questionairs were cocleted.The incidence of severe occupational job burnout was 22.38%,and the score of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP),personal accomplishment (PA)was(22.82 ±9.98),(6.48 ±5.20),and (35.20 ±8.82), respectively.Regression analysis demonstrated that the main influencing factors were entering the isolation ward, opportunity for infectious diseases ,disinfection damage,fear of occupational exposure and concern on family infection(P <0.05).Conclusion The status of job burnout of nurses in infectious disease hospital is not optimistic.There is a positive relationship with the working environment,occupational exposure.Managers need to explore an effective way to ease the job burnout of nurses,and to stabilize the nursing team.

Objective To explore the efficacy of HAART for AIDS combined of oral fungal infection. Methods 60 AIDS patients combined with fungal infection were selected and divided into therapy group (n =30) and control group (n = 30) by HAART criteria. Individuals in control group were treated with routine care, including washing mouth by 2％ sodium bicarbonate, Smearing glycerol reducing mold on local skin, and taking fluconazole or itraconazole capsules 100 mg orally, and all above were taken twice a day, meanwhile nutrition therapy and oral nursing were strengthened. Therapy group were treated with HAART on the base of routine care. Results Effect rate between the two groups was significantly different (X2 = 6. 667, P ＜ 0. 05). Cure rate and recurrence rate were also different (X2 = 4. 286,4. 356; P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Application of HAART on the basis of routine care for AIDS combined of oral fungal infections has better efficacy and lower recurrence rate and improve the clinical symptom and raise the life quality of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the growth and development of nerve growth factor (NGF)-positive neurons in the cerebellum of midanaphase human fetus.

METHODSThe expression of the NGF-positive neurons in the cerebrum of human fetus was observed by immunohistochemical methods, and the integral absorbance (IA) was detected.

RESULTSBy the 3rd to 4th month of gestation, neurons was seen in the ependymal, central, and marginal plate of cerebellum; the nucleus was oval and the neurons had short and small processes. By the 5th to 7th month of gestation, the number of NGF-positive neurons increased, the expressions enhanced, the nucleus was round-, oval-, or fusiform-shaped, the neurons grew larger in size, and the Purkinje cells showed NGF-positive expression. By the 8th to 10th month of gestation, the NGF-positive expression was enhanced with deeper dying, the body of Purkinje cells grew larger gradually, and the number of NGF-positive neurons in the granular cell layer and molecular layer increased. IA of the cerebellar cortical neurons of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th month of gestation showed an increasing trend, and significant difference was observed (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONNGF-positive neurons in the cerebellum play an important role for differentiation, proliferation, migration, and growth of neurons in the cerebellum.

Cerebellum ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fetus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Purkinje Cells ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy and safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children.

METHODSA total of 106 children aged 4-14 years old with cough variant asthma and positive skin prick test responses to dermatophagoides farinae allergens were randomly divided into two groups: SLIT group (n=53), which received specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops as well as standardized treatment and conventional treatment group (n=53), which received standardized treatment alone. Improvement in cough/asthma symptom scores and the time taken for symptoms to improve were observed after treatment. Serum eosinophil (EOS) level and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured after treatment. The side effects were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the conventional treatment group, the SLIT group showed significant decrease in symptom scores and serum EOS level and significant increase in PEF (P<0.05). The time at which symptoms began to improve in the SLIT group was earlier than in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The effective rate in the SLIT group was significantly higher than in the conventional treatment group (85% vs 68%; P<0.05). Local reactions such as redness, swelling, and itching occurred in some children of the SLIT group but disappeared on the following day.

CONCLUSIONSSpecific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops is an effective and highly safe treatment for cough variant asthma in children.

Administration, Sublingual ; Adolescent ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Asthma ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; therapy ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; adverse effects ; Eosinophils ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Forest musk deer is one of the large-scale farming musk deer animals with the largest population at the same time. The male musk deer can secrete valuable medicines, which has high medicinal and economic value. Due to the loss of habitat and indiscriminate hunting, the numbers of wild population specie and the distribution have been drastically reduced. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the molecular genetics progress of forest musk deer will pave a way for musk deer protection and breeding. In this review, the progress associated with the molecular marker, genetic classification, artificial breeding, musk secretion and disease in past decades were reviewed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent molecular genetic researches in forest musk deer.
Animals ; Breeding ; Deer ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Male

Objective: To investigate the association between the left atrial appendage (LAA) volume and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods: We prospectively enrolled sixty-two patients with AF (40 cases with paroxysmal AF, 22 cases with persistent AF) who successfully underwent a first AF catheter ablation and had performed contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CT) prior to the procedure to measure LAA volumes in our hospital from January 2012 to August 2015. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was performed under the guidance of three-dimension mapping system (CARTO system). Linear ablation or ablation of complex fractioned atrial electrograms was also undertaken if necessary. All patients were followed up at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months after ablation by 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitoring, and were divided into the non-recurrence group (n=42) and the AF recurrence group (n=20). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to assess the factors related to AF recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the best cut-off value of LAA volume to predict AF recurrence. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the rate of freedom from AF recurrence. Results: Mean LAA volume in all patients was (9.5±3.6)ml. AF recurrence occurred in 20 patients (32%) during the follow-up period. The LAA volume was significantly larger in the AF recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group ((11.5±3.8)ml vs. (8.3±3.1)ml, P=0.002). In the univariate regression analysis, LAA volume (HR=1.36, 95%CI 1.14-1.82, P<0.001), persistent AF (HR=4.43, 95%CI 1.52-12.06, P<0.001) and hypertension (HR=1.61, 95%CI 1.13-2.04, P=0.041) were risk factors of AF recurrence. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that LAA volume (HR=1.32, 95%CI 1.12-1.51, P<0.001) and persistent AF (HR=4.22, 95% CI 1.48-11.05, P<0.001) were independent predictors for AF recurrence after ablation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a LAA volume >8.80 ml was associated with AF recurrence after ablation (sensitivity: 94% and specificity: 66%, area under the curve=0.76). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a lower rate free from AF recurrence in the group with LAA volume >8.80 ml (P<0.001). Conclusion Larger LAA volume is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with AF. A LAA volume greater than 8.80 ml could be used to predict AF recurrence after ablation.

Objective To observe the changes of brain heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO)in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)injury and investigate the role of HO-1/CO in the recovery of HIBD. Methods Eighteen 7-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,HIBDgroup and HIBDwith zinc protoporphyrin(ZnPP)treatment group (n=6).In the latter two groups,HIBD model was established by unilateral carotid ligation followed by timed exposure to 8%oxygen. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR Was performed to determine the expression of HO-1 mRNA and thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method was used to assay malondialdehyde (MDA)contentinthe braintissue of the rats.The cell apoptosis in the brain aRer HIBD was analyzed using flow cytometry,and the blood CO concentration was detected by the absorbance at 420mn and 432 nm.Results Compared to the sham-operated group.HO-1 mRNA expression and blood CO concentration were significantly increased in HIBD group and ZnPP group (P＜0.05).The rats with ZnPP group had significantly lower HO-1 mRNA expression and blood CO concentration than those in HIBD group(P＜0.05).HIBD resultedin significantly increased MDA content and cell apoptosis rate in the rat brain as compared to those in the sham-operated group(p＜0.05),and ZnPP treatment further increased the MDA content and cell apoptosis(P＜0.05). Conclusions Increased brain HO-1 mRNA expression and blood CO concentration in neonatal rats with HIBD are probably associated with the spontaneous recovery of neural tissue injury.

Comparative analysis of variable region ORF14/15 genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome in Guangxi Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) could provide useful information for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic evolutionary relationship among WSSV isolates from Guangxi, China and other places. Based on geographical and temporal considerations, 40 WSSV-positive P. vannamei samples were collected during the period between May 2010 and July 2013 from Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang, which were the main P. vannamei production areas in Guangxi, and the variable region ORF14/15 genes of the WSSV genome from all infected samples were amplified by PCR and then subjected to cloning and sequence analysis. Pairwise and multiple alignment analysis was then conducted to evaluate the degree of genetic divergence between different strains. The variable region ORF14/15 genes from 25 of 40 WSSV positive samples were successfully cloned and sequenced; among the ORF14/15 genes of 25 WSSV-positive strains, 22 was 619 bp in length and 3 was 620 bp. All the 25 Guangxi strains carried a 5949-bp deletion in the ORF14/15 region relative to TH-96-II, which has the longest nucleotide sequence in this region; the deletion of Guangxi strains occurred in the middle region of ORF14/15 gene, with only 190 bp and 429 bp/ 430 bp at 5' and 3' ends, respectively, which were coincident with WSSV-IN-05-I in deletion length and position. Sixteen of 25 Guangxi strains had completely identical nucleotide sequences in the variable re gion, and the homology between other strains also exceeded 97.9%. There were single nucleotide substi tution, deletion, and insertion in the ORF14/15 region of Guangxi strains compared with other strains in GenBank. In the phylogenetic tree based on WSSV variable region ORF14/15, the Guangxi strains were closely related and formed a separate branch with Indian strain IN-05-I, but far from other strains in GenBank. The ORF14/15 gene of WSSV isolates in cultured P. vannamei in Guangxi has a large deletion in the middle of the variable region, and the Guangxi WSSV strains show no significant spatio-temporal differences; the Guangxi strains are closer in genetics to Indian strain IN-05-I than other strains in GenBank.
Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Penaeidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; White spot syndrome virus 1 ; genetics

Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; complications ; Middle Aged