Objective To investigate the effect of amiloride pretreatment on the acute lung injury (ALI)induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each); group Ⅰ received iv normal saline (group C); group Ⅱ ALI received iv LPS 6 mg/kg (group ALI); group Ⅲ received iv amiloride 10 mg/kg (group A) and group Ⅳ received amiloride 10 mg/kg iv 30 min before iv LPS ( group AL). The animals were killed by exsanguination at 6 h after iv LPS infusion. The lungs were immediately removed. Microscopic examination of lung tissue was performed. The left lung was lavaged. The total protein (TP), TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)concentrations in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The W/D weight ratio and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and expression of Na-H exchanger-1 ( NHE1 ), p38MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in lung tissue were determined. Results LPS significantly increased ALI score (0 = slightest, 4 = severest), W/D lung weight ratio, TP, TNF-α and MIP-2 concentrations in BALF and MPO activity and the expression of NHE1, p38MAPK and ERK in the lung as compared with. control group. Amiloride pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced changes except p38MAPK expression. Conclusion Pretreatment with amiloride can attenuate LPS-induced ALI by inhibition of ERK activation.

Objective To determine whether cleavage developmentally retarded embryos have not cleaved during a 24 hour period could develop into blastocysts and produce hESC cell lines.Methods A total of 120 such embryos were cultured to blastocyst stage by sequential culture.Blastocysts formation rate and quality of blastocyst were detected under microscope.The relation between blastocyst formation rate and blastomere number,the fragment of blastomere and blastomere symmetry were analyzed by stepwise Logistical regression analysis.Inner cell masses(ICMs)were isolated by immunosurgery.Colonies derived from the ICMs were passed every 4-7 days and the derivatives were passaged and identified.Results A total of 22 blastocysts were obtained from 120 embryos.The blastulation rate was 18.7%.Early blatocyst, blastocyst,full blastocyst,expanded blastocyst,hatching blastoeyst and hatched blastocyst accounted for 5.9%,23.5%,35.3%,23.5%,5.9%,and 5.9% respectively.The grade of ICM and trophoblast was mostly scored C or B.Blastocyst formation rate was related to cell number and blastomere symmetry but not fragment.Immunosurgery resulted in the formation of 7 ICMs and 3 primary colonies,which produced 2 cell lines.The cell lines satisfied the criteria that characterize pluripotent hESC cells.Undifferentiated cells were positive for AKP,SSEA-4,TRA-1-60,and TRA-1-81.It could continue to proliferate in vitro and form embryoid bodies when cultured in suspension.It had capability to form teratoma in SCID mice.Both cell lines had normal karyotypes after 45 and 34 passages respectively.Conclusions Our results suggest that a subset of developmentally retarded embryos can form blastocysts and give rise to hESC cell lines.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the material base and underlying mechanism of the effect of cluster needling of scalp acupuncture on the neuronal plasticity in rats with focal cerebral infarction.

METHODSThe model rats with acute cerebral infarction were made by blocking the middle cerebral artery with monofilament. One hundred and thirty two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operation group (A), model group (B), point-to-point scalp acupuncture group (C) and cluster-needling of scalp acupunture group (D). Puncturing from "Baihui (GV 20)" to "Qubin (GB 7)" was used in group C. Cluster needling of scalp acupuncture was used in group D, in which needles were inserted forward and slantingly into "Baihui (GV 20)" and its left and right sides at 4 mm. In both groups, the treatment was carried out with rapid twirling reinforcing-reducing for 1 min then retaining needle for 30 min, once a day, 6 days in one course, for treating 4 courses. There was no treatment for group A and B. The change of neurological function was evaluated with Bederson score, while the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in the ischemic penumbra was examined with immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-peroxidase method).

RESULTSIn comparison,with group B, the score of neurological function in group D decreased on 7th day (P<0.05), while the scors in group C and D also decreased on 14th and 28th days (both P<0.05). As compared with group C, the score of neurological function in group D obviously decreased on 28th days (P<0. 05). Comparing with group B, the expression of MAP-2 on the ischemic cortex was significantly increased in group D and C on 7th, 14th and 28th days (all P<0. 05), however, this expression in group D was higher than that in group C on 14th and 28th days (P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCluster needling of scalp acupuncture can improve the neurological function of rats with focal cerebral infarction, and increase the expression of MAP-2 in the ischemic penumbra.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Animals ; Cerebral Infarction ; ethnology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Scalp

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on the target population of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture.Methods During 2006-2010,IDD health education was carried out in the target population of Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture,and IDD knowledge of 5th grade pupil and 20-50 years old child-bearing women were surveyed by stratified sampling and questionnaire survey methods to evaluate the effect of health education.Results After health education,IDD knowledge passing rate rose from 55.6％ (548/986) and 18.0％(118/657) to 90.0％(1103/1225) and 86.2％(687/797) among pupils and women,respectively.The awareness rates of iodine deficiency in causing goiter,mental retardation and birth born silly children,and the key role of iodized salt in controling IDD were increased from 79.2％ (781/986),76.5％ (754/986),51.7％ (510/986) and 82.3％ (811/986) to 88.8％ (1088/1225),85.6％ (1049/1225),68.7％ (842/1225) and 90.0％ (1103/1225) among pupils,and from 48.6％ (319/657),28.3％ (186/657),15.4％ (101/657) and 39.6％ (260/657) to 86.2％ (687/797),70.0％ (558/797),46.3％ (369/797) and 87.3％ (696/797) among women,and all the difference were significant,respectively.Belief rate held by students that health education can prevent iodine deficiency disorders was 87.3％ (1069/1225),and 52.9％ (648/1225) of the students told their parents about IDD.The rate of consciously purchase of qualified iodized salt was 87.1％ (694/797) after health education among women of childbearing age,and the consumption rate of iodized salt was 64.6％(515/797).More than 90％ of the people in relevant departments knew iodine deficiency disorders related knowledge,in particular,had a clear understanding of intellectual hazards caused by iodine deficiency,and actively supported and participated in health education in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Conclusions Comprehensive health education measures taken through schools and religious organizations has promoted a shift in the behavior,beliefs and attitudes of its consciously purchase and consumption of iodized salt,and integrated knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP).It is a good model of health education through religious organizations in ethnic minority areas.It has promoted the health education feasibility and accessibility,and the effect is more durable.

Objective To investigate the control status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in the highrisk areas of Gansu province,and to provide a scientific basis for development of effective preventive measures.Methods Twelve counties with high-risk areas of IDD in Gansu province were selected into the survey in 2007 -2009.All patients with suspected cretinism born after the first of January,1997 were enrolled in the study from the 12 counties.Meanwhile,three townships were chosen in each of the 12 counties,two villages were taken in each township,40 children aged 8 to 10 in each village primary school were selected to carry out thyroid examination by B-ultrasonography and palpation,urinary iodine(UI) test,and intelligence quotient(IQ) test; 30 women of childbearing age were selected in each village to fill in the questionnaire,and to test their urinary and salt iodine,and the local salt-related situation was investigated.Results In the 12 high-risk counties,7 were diagnosed as new cretinism cases from a total of 120 suspected cases of cretinism.The goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 by Bultrasound was 6.8％(290/4281 ),5 counties had goiter rates higher than 5％,of which 3 counties had goiter rates higher than 10％.The average IQ of children was 82.38.The median urinary iodine(MUI) of children was 180.34 μg/L,the ratio of UI ＜ 50 μg/L was 11.0％(482/4383).The MUI of women of childbearing age was 175.91 μg/L,the ratio of UI ＜ 50 μg/L was 16.5％(126/762).MUI of women of childbearing age was less than 100.0 μg/L in Xiahe and Dongxiang counties,which were 95.24 μg/L and 66.30 μg/L,respectively.The coverage rate of iodized salt in 8 of the 12 counties was more than 95％,and that of the remaining four counties was ＜ 85％,of which the coverage rates of iodized salt were only 39.2％ (47/120)and 66.7％ (120/180),respectively,in Guanghe and Dongxiang counties.Fourteen point nine percent (206/1380) of the residents complained that iodized salt was not convenient to buy and 87.7％ (1210/1380) complained that the current price of these salts exceeded the accepted range.Only 29.9％(413/1380)of the housewives knew how to prevent IDD.Conclusions Impact factors of IDD in high-risk areas are widespread.The monitoring of IDD in high-risk areas should be strengthened.Effective measures should be taken to ensure adequate iodine nutrition of people at risk.At the same time,iodized salt-based comprehensive prevention measures should be strengthen and a long-term effective control strategy of IDD should be established.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypertonic saline/hetastarch 40 injection (HSH40) on intracranial pressure and cerebral oxygenation in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma. Methods Thirty adult ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing excision of supratentorial glioma were randomly divided into 2 groups: HSH40 4 mL ·kg~(-1) (trial group, 15 cases) or 20% mannitol 1 g·kg~(-1) (control group, 15 cases) was given intravenously over 15 min when hemodynam-ics was stable. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) , cerebrospinal fluid pres-sure(CSFP) and urine output were measured and recorded at different time-points. Cerebral arterial to jugular venous oxygen content differ-ences (Da-jvO_2) and cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO_2) were calculated. Results As compared to their baseline, CSFP significantly decreased from 15 min to 120 min after infusion in the 2 groups, and the reduction at 15 min in trial group was more significant than that in control group. Urine output was significantly lower in trial group than that in control group. Da-jvO_2and CERO_2 significantly decreased and internal jugular venous oxygen saturation(SjvO_2) markedly increased at 60 min, 120 min as compared to their baseline in the 2 groups. Conclusion HSH40 is more effective than 20% mannitol in reducing CSFP and can improve cerebral oxygenation during excision of intracranial tumour.

Objective:To investigate the effects of musk-1, a glucoprotein component isolated from the water extract of musk, on some functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by IL-8 in vitro.Method：An in vitro incubation system was used. Superoxide anion production was determined by cytochrome C reduction. β-glucuronidase and lysozyme release was quantitated by enzyme reactions in which phenolphthaleinglucuronic acid and Micrococcus Lysodeikticus were as the substrates, respectively.Results:In comparison with control, musk-1 at concentration 1～100 μg*ml-1 can increase superoxide anion production by 91.7%～291%, and decrease β-glucuronidase and lysozyme release by 2.2%～58.1% and 3.9%～39.8%, respectively.Conclusion:Inhibition of lysosomel enzyme release might be considered as one of mechanisms of antiinflammatory action of musk.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics and the treatment of periorbital injuries.

METHODS61 cases were treated, including 30 cases orbitozygomatic fracture, 6 cases of frontal-orbital fracture, 8 cases of naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture, 7 cases of blow -out fracture and 10 cases of complicated fracture. The patients were diagnosed after physical examination and other examination, like CT. Through bicoronal or local mini incision at the end of eyebrow, combined with subciliary incision and local wound approach, the fractured sites were exposed completely. Then the fractured fragments were repositioned and fixed rigidly. The orbital wall was reconstructed with titanium net and Medpor.

RESULTSThe wounds healed primarily. Good cosmetic and functional results achieved in most of the patients. 4 cases underwent second-stage ophthalmectomy. 2 patients had diplopia after operation, but improved gradually. 3 cases of blepharoptosis needed further treatment.

CONCLUSIONSEarly diagnosis and treatment is very important for periorbital injuries. Fracture reposition and orbital wall reconstruction should he performed at early period.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbital Fractures ; surgery ; Skull Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different fertilization methods on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture for 1 153 cycles of IVF and 205 cycles of ICSI performed between january 2009 and December 2012.

RESULTSA total number of 14 748 embryos in the IVF group and 2 655 embryos in the ICSI group underwent sequential blastocyst culture, with 7 871 blastocysts formed in the former and 1 210 in the latter. No cycles were canceled for no blastocyst formation in either of the two groups. The rates of quality embryos, blastocyst formation and embryo utilization were significantly higher in the IVF than in the ICSI group (64.77 vs 58.72%, 53.37 vs 45.57%, and 60.06 vs 52.17%, all P < 0.05), but the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and abortion showed no significant differences between the two groups (48.94 vs 51.43%, 49.03 vs 52.02%, and 11.69% vs 15.56, all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWith the same inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture, IVF has a lower risk of cycle cancellation due to no blastocyst formation and therefore may effect higher rates of blastocyst formation and embryo utilization than ICSI. Our study suggested that appropriate inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture should be laid down according to different fertilization methods.

Adult ; Blastocyst ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic