Objective To explore the effect of recovery sleep on the executive function after 36 h of total sleep deprivation by event related potential technology.Methods Thirteen healthy male college students participated in two trials. At the first trial normal sleep as control was investigated. At the second trial participants experienced 36 h of sleep deprivation and then accepted 8 h recovery sleep. In each trial six Go/Nogo tests were employed to test the executive control function and the ERP data were recorded. Results There was no statistical difference in behavior and ERP results at each time point as the subjects had normal sleep. After 36 h of sleep deprivation, the behavior results were statistically significant when compared to the baseline. The amplitude and latency of Nogo-N2, Nogo-P3 on Fz electrode, the amplitude and latency of Nogo-P3 on Cz electrode showed statistical significance when compared to the baseline. After 8 h recovery sleep, the average correct reaction time and the Go correct reaction rate had statistical significance compared to 36 h value. The amplitude of Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 had no statistical significance compared to the baseline.However,it was of statistical significance[(-6.80 3.95)vs(-3.37 2.63)μV,(10.63±6.62)vs(5.63±5.45)μV,(9.49±7.37)vs(6.08±6.56)μV] compared to 36 h value. The latency of the recovery value of Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 was statistically significant[(254.14±15.55)vs(243.08±13.97)ms(382.14±41.07)vs(349.17±30.36)ms,(369.86±26.48)vs(347.48±29.24)ms]compared to the baseline.Conclusion As the time of sleep deprivation is prolonged, the executive function is impaired and the executive function is not completely recovered after 8 h recovery sleep.

Objective To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in Chinese Korean and Han healthy volunteers after oral administration.Methods Nine healthy Chinese Korean volunteers and ten healthy Han volunteers were given 15 mg midazolam tablets.The concentration of midazolam in plasma was determined by HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0.1 software.Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam in Chinese Korean and Han were as follow:t_(max) were(0.63±0.72)and(1.52±0.74)h,C_(max) were(189.03 4±82.05) and (103.11±26.37)μg·L~(-1),t_(1/2) were (3.82±2.33) and (2.96±0.77)h,AUC_(0-12) were (369.75±85.47) and (368.95±103.63)μg·h·L~(-1),AUC_(0-∞) were (403.29±124.28) and (397.29±124.06)μg·h·L~(-1),respectively. Conclusion There is large interindividual variabilities in pharmacokinetic parameters of Chinese Korean and Han healthy volunteers,after administration.There were double peaks in plasma concentration-time profile after oral administration.There is significant difference in the t_(max) and C_(max) between Chinese Korean and Han healthy volunteers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of interleukin 6 gene (IL-6) promoter region 634C/G (rs1800796) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the genetic susceptibility to endometriosis (Ems) in south Han Chinese women.

METHODSA case-control study was performed in 432 Ems patients and 499 control women to evaluate the SNP of IL-6 634C/G by using a fluorescent quantitative PCR-based high resolution melting (HRM) method.

RESULTSThere were statistical significances in the IL-6 634C/G alleles, whether or not to carry allele G and genotype distributions between Ems patients and control women (P=0.032, 0.014 and 0.045, respectively). Allele C enhanced the risk of Ems 1.057 times while allele G reduced the risk of Ems 0.835 time. Carrying allele G reduced the risk of Ems 0.822 time, whereas not carrying allele G enhanced the risk of Ems 1.143 times. Compared with genotype CC, the risk of Ems with genotype CG reduced 0.704 time (95% CI: 0.533-0.931). There was no significant difference in whether or not carrying allele G distribution between Ems patients and control women (P=0.729).

CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated significant association between the SNP of IL-6 634C/G and genetic susceptibility to Ems in south Han Chinese women.

Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the growth status of children under 7 years in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China and its influential factors, and to provide a basis for related intervention measures.

METHODSChildren under 7 years were selected from two county-level districts in Wuzhong by stratified cluster sampling, and their growth status were evaluated by the Z score method.

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of growth retardation, underweight, and wasting were 12.58%, 5.71%, and 5.55% respectively. The height-for-age Z score, weight-for-age Z score, and weight-for-height Z scores were -0.26±2.50, 0.29±4.54. and 0.65±3.02 respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of wasting among children of different ethnic groups (P<0.05); also, there were significant differences in the prevalence rates of growth retardation and underweight among children from different regions and with different age (P<0.05). The main influential factors for growth retardation were region (OR=0.369, P<0.001), ethnic groups (OR=1.694, P=0.027), and age (OR=1.143, P=0.002). The main influential factors for underweight were region (OR=0.453, P=0.001) and age (OR=1.204，P=0.002). The main influential factor for wasting was nation (OR=1.735, P=0.024).

CONCLUSIONSIn Wuzhong, children under 7 years have poor growth status, which are related to ethnic groups, region, and age.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male

AIMTo isolate triterpene saponins of polygalacic acid type from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC and to identify their structures.

METHODSThe compounds were separated by means of extraction, chromatography on silica gel, MPLC and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses (FAB-MS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR etc.).

RESULTSThree triterpene saponins were isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. They were identified as 3-O-beta-D-laminaribiosyl polygalacic acid (I), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl polygalacic acid (II), polygalacin D (III), separately.

CONCLUSIONCompound I is a new compound, compounds II, III are known triterpene saponins. The compound I and II were isolated from the plant for the first time, which is also the monodesmoside from the plant for the first time.

Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platycodon ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of interleukin-10 gene (IL-10) polymorphism and the serum IL-10 level with restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Tianjin Chinese Han population and study the effect of IL-10 gene polymorphism on serum IL-10 level.

METHODSFour hundred and thirty-seven patients who successfully underwent PCI with a follow-up angiography were divided into a restenosis group (n = 166) and non-restenosis group (n = 271). The IL-10 gene promoter polymorphism at position -592 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Meanwhile their serum IL-10 level before and 24 h after PCI was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS(1) There was no significant difference in frequencies of -592 genotypes and alleles between the two groups (P > 0.05); (2) The 24 h post-PCI IL-10 serum level of restenosis group was significantly lower than that of the non-restenosis group [(82.67 ± 35.02) ng/L vs. (95.08 ± 32.26) ng/L, P < 0.05]; (3) The serum level of the A allele carriers (AA+AC) was significantly lower than that of the CC carriers [(86.13 ± 34.77) ng/L vs. (102.50 ± 27.52) ng/L, P < 0.05]; (4) In the restenosis group, the 24 h post-PCI serum level of IL-10 in the A allele carriers was also significantly lower than that in those without the A allele [(78.51 ± 34.09) ng/L vs. (102.19 ± 33.66) ng/L, P < 0.05]; (5) Logistic regression analysis revealed positive correlations between acute coronary syndrome patients, pre-PCI degree of stenosis, length of target stenosis lesion and restenosis (OR = 5.90, 1.86, 2.83 respectively); and there were negative correlations between 24 h post-PCI serum level of IL-10, the stent diameter, the diameter of reference vessel before stent implantation and restenosis(OR = 0.99, 0.70, 0.46 respectively).

CONCLUSION(1) The IL-10 gene -592 C/A polymorphism was not associated with restenosis in the Tianjin Chinese Han population; (2) IL-10 is an early post-PCI inflammatory cytokine, 24 h post-PCI serum IL-10 level was an independent predictive factor for restenosis, the IL-10 A allele carriers may have increased incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) by reducing the serum IL-10 levels.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Coronary Restenosis ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 17 (CYP17) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα ) genes with the risk of endometriosis among southern Chinese women.

METHODSTwo SNPs rs743572 (CYP17 gene 34T/C) and rs9322331 (ERα gene -397T/C) were genotyped by high resolution melting curve in 432 endometriosis patients and 499 matched controls.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the two loci between endometriosis patients and the control subjects (P> 0.05). And there was no significant interaction effect of these two genes on the disease either.

CONCLUSIONCYP17 gene and ERα gene may not be genetic risk factors for endometriosis among southern women in China.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between the arylhydrocarbon receptor gene (AhR) 1661G/A or arylhydrocarbon nuclear translocatorgene (ARNT) 567G/C polymorphism and endometriosis in southern Han Chinese women.

METHODSThe polymorphisms of AhR gene 1661G/Aand ARNT gene 567G/C in 431 cases of endometriosis and 499 healthy women were genotyped by fluorescence quantitative PCR-based high resolution melting.

RESULTSThe frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, GG and alleles A and G in controls were 12.0%, 41.9%, 46.1%, 33.0% and 67.0%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those in patients with endometriosis (9.7%, 44.6%, 45.7%, 32.0% and 68.0%, respectively). The genotype frequencies of GG, GC, CC and alleles C and G in controls (15.6 %, 51.7%, 32.7%, 58.5%, 41.5%) were not significantly different from those in patients with endometriosis (13.5%, 47.8%, 38.7%, 62.6%, 37.4%), either. And no interaction of AhR 1661G/A and ARNT 567G/C on endometriosis was found.

CONCLUSIONNo association between AhR 1661G/A and ARNT 567G/C genetic polymorphisms and endometriosis was found in the southern Han Chinese women in this study.

Alleles ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator ; genetics ; China ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; genetics

BACKGROUNDIt has been recently reported that inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in in-stent restenosis (ISR) processes. Inflammatory factors after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for dynamic monitoring can probably predict ISR. Functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of genes coding for inflammatory factors might be important for determining the magnitude of the inflammatory response. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the serial changes in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels before and after PCI and the relationship between the -572C/G polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene and ISR. We also discussed genetic polymorphisms in the inflammatory response to PCI.

METHODSA total of 437 patients who successfully underwent bare metal stent (BMS) implantation with a follow-up angiography were divided into an ISR group (n = 166) and a non-ISR (NISR) group (n = 271). The IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism at position -572 was determined by restricted fragment length polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method. The serum IL-6 levels before and one day, five days and 180 days after PCI were determined by the radioimmunoassay method.

RESULTSISR patients showed higher IL-6 serum levels than NISR patients before PCI ((324.42 ± 28.14) ng/L vs. (283.22 ± 47.30) ng/L, P < 0.001), and one day post-PCI IL-6 serum levels in the ISR group also showed a significantly higher level than in the NISR group (P < 0.001). Increased IL-6 after PCI persisted at a statistically significant level throughout the study in ISR patients, whereas IL-6 levels had normalized five days after the procedure in NISR patients. One day post-PCI serum IL-6 level was the most accurate marker for diagnosis of ISR, the area under the ROC curve being 0.927 (95%CI 0.878 - 0.977). The cut-off value for IL-6 to predict ISR was over 355.50 ng/L, with a sensitivity of 0.968 and a specificity of 0.865. There were no significant differences in frequencies of -572 genotype and allele between the two groups (P > 0.05). One day post-PCI IL-6 serum levels in patients with the G allele was significantly higher than in patients without the G allele ((366.99 ± 49.37) ng/L vs. (347.20 ± 55.30) ng/L, P < 0.05). In the ISR group, one day post-PCI serum levels of IL-6 in patients with the G allele was also significantly higher than that in patients without the G allele ((405.67 ± 26.56) ng/L vs. (375.69 ± 38.81) ng/L, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed positive correlations between male gender, one day post-PCI serum levels of IL-6, the pre-PCI degree of stenosis, the length of the target lesion stenosis, and restenosis; and there were negative correlations between the stent diameter, the diameter of the reference vessel before stent implantation and restenosis.

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 is an early post-PCI inflammatory cytokine, and one day post-PCI serum IL-6 level is an independent risk factor for restenosis. The frequencies of IL-6 gene -572 genotype and allele are not different between patients with and without ISR in a Chinese Tianjin Han population, but carrying the IL-6 -572G allele is likely to increase an individual's susceptibility to ISR by promoting serum IL-6 levels.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Restenosis ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics

AIM:To investigate the effect of sulodexide(SDX)on the apoptosis of human dermal microvascu-lar endothelial cells(HDMECs)exposed to hypoxia and its underlying mechanism.METHODS:The HDMECs were cul-tured and divided into normoxia control group cultured under normoxic condition;hypoxia control group cultured in a humid incubator maintained at 37 ℃with 5% CO2and 1% O2for 24 h;treatment groups treated with SDX at 0.25,0.5 and 1 LSU/mL for 24 h under hypoxic condition.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The apoptotic rate of the HD-MECs was analyzed by flow cytometry.The activity of caspase-3 in HDMECs was examined by caspase-3 activity assay kit. The expression of pro-apoptotic factor P53,caspase-3,Bax and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:SDX increased the viability of HDMECs exposed to hypoxia, but also decreased the apoptosis.Furthermore, SDX down-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic factor P53, Bax and caspase-3 at mRNA and protein levels as well as the activity of caspase-3,while the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 was up-regulated.CONCLUSION:SDX significantly increases the viability and decreases the apoptosis of HDMECs ex-posed to hypoxia.Inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway may be involved in the underlying mechanism.