Objective To observe effects and mechanisms of insulin on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods Sixty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study.All rats were divided into 3 groups as treated group(A),control group(B) and random sham-operated group(C).Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in study groups.The treated group were divided into 5 groups(A1-A5) and intraperineally injected with biosynthetic human insulin 2 IU/(kg?d) and 50%glucose 2 g/(kg?d) for 7 days,the blood glucose was monitored in preoperative and postoperative 3,6,12,24 h,and the blood glucose was maintained between 3.5-6.5 mmol/L.These animals of control group were given with saline 2 mL/(kg?d) for 7 days in abdominal cavity.All the rats were killed in the seventh day,brain homogenate was collected for detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and nitric oxide(NO).The hippocampus was separated for observation of electronic microscope.Results Concentration of NSE in brain tissue in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B,while the level in group A was higher than that of group B.Concentration of NO in group C was lower than that of group A and group B while the level of NO in group A was significantly lower than that of group B.Electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of sham-operated group was nearly normal,damage degree of hippocampal neuron and gliacyte and capillary was gradually worse from group A1,A2 to A4,the damage degree of group B1,B2 and B4 was serious and there was no difference among them.Conclusion Insulin can really promote recovery of the cerebral injury after ischemia reperfusion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents and establish a quantitative method of Mallotus apelta.

METHODCompound was isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and Pre-HPLC chromatography. Its structure was identified by physicochemical properties and spectral evidences. The content of M. apelta was determined by HPLC. Chromatographic conditions included Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) and the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (24:76). The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm.

RESULTOne compound was isolated from n-butanol extract of the M. apelta and its structure was identified as vicenin II. The calibration cure was linear in the range of 0.053-10.60 microg (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 99. 32%, RSD 1.82% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe compound was isolated from this plant for the first time. The method to determine the content of vicenin II by HPLC was established for the first time. This method is simple, accurate and reliable.

Apigenin ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mallotus Plant ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on cell growth and apoptosis in imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells (K562/A02-IM), and explore the relationship between HO-1 gene and CML.

METHODSThe expression of HO-1 in 20 drug-resistant CML patients was detected by RT-PCR. Different concentrations of hemin were used to induce HO-1 expression of K562/A02-IM, HO-1 expression at different time was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining, and MTT assay was used to detect viability of K562/A02-IM cells after induction or inhibition of HO-1 gene by hemin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP).

RESULTSRT-PCR showed that HO-1 was expressed in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs). When treated with hemin at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 µmol/L) for 16 h, the expression of HO-1 in K562/A02-IM was increased in a dose-dependent manner, and peaked at 20 µmol/L of hemin for 16 h. The apoptosis rates were (17.61 ± 0.01)%, (12.13 ± 0.11)%, (7.94 ± 0.03)% and (4.62 ± 0.15)% at 0,10, 20 and 40 µmol/L of hemin respectively for 16 h and were (14.7 ± 0.05)%, (8.1 ± 0.07)% and (16.3 ± 0.13)% at 20 µmol/L of hemin treatment for 8,16, and 24 h respectively. Hemin induced apoptosis of K562/A02-IM cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of HO-1 was induced in K562/A02-IM cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the survival of K562/A02-IM cells was significantly increased as compared to that of control group. When HO-1 was inhibited by ZPP, the cells survival was sharply decreased compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHO-1 was expressed in the BMMNCs. It is a kind of molecules whose expression can be induced and can promote the growth of drug-resistant cells. Inhibition of HO-1 expression probably be used for the treatment of drug-resistant CML.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; genetics ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; K562 Cells ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo build three-dimensional (3-D) visible model for surgical treatment of infection of fascial spaces of hand.

METHODSSerial thin cross-sections (0.2 mm) of hand were made by cryomicrotome, and the thin cross-sections of metacarpal parts were observed. A personal computer was employed to reconstruct 3-D model of metacarpal fascial space.

RESULTSThe shapes, locations and adjacent relations of the mid-palmar space, thenar space and metacarpal bones were displayed clearly from computerized 3-D model, which could be the cross-reference of the cross-sections expediently.

CONCLUSIONThe computerized 3-D reconstruction of metacarpal fascial spaces can provide some guidance for surgical treatment of infection and other diseases of metacarpal fascial spaces.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Hand ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVETo compare the color differences of different metal bases and different opaque thickness, and evaluate the best thickness of opaque on different metal bases.

METHODSPrecious metal, gold sediment and Ni-Cr plates were prepared as bases, then opaque samples of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated on such plates. Minolta chromatics meter CR-321 was used to examine the color properties of these samples, and deltaE was calculated to evaluate the color difference of the specimens.

RESULTSFor the restoration based on Ni-Cr and precious alloys, the color of restorations was not affected by the color of metal bases as the thickness of opaque reached 0.3 mm, and the chromatic value deltaE < 1.5 NBS. For the restoration based on gold sediment, the color of restoration was not affected by the color of metal as the thickness of opaque reached 0.1 mm, and the chromatic value deltaE < 1.5 NBS.

CONCLUSIONDifferent opaque thickness was necessary to obtain ideal color appearance in clinic. As the opaque thickness increased, the color of restoration based on Ni-Cr and noble metal increased but the color of restoration based on gold sediment decreased.

Color ; Dental Alloys ; Dental Porcelain ; Gold ; Metal Ceramic Alloys

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Child ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Humans ; Midazolam ; pharmacology ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Piperidines ; administration & dosage ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Spine ; surgery

Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, Brown ; Adipose Tissue, White ; Animals ; Iodine ; Norepinephrine ; Rats ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDA five-year follow-up study of intensive multifactorial intervention was undertaken to assess the changes of circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and the incidence of atherosclerosis (AS) in patients with short-duration type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without macroangiopathy, and whether intensive multifactorial intervention could prevent or at least postpone the occurrence of macroangiopathy.

METHODSAmong 150 patients with short-duration T2DM, 75 were assigned to receive conventional outpatient treatment (conventional group) and the others underwent intensive multifactorial integrated therapy targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and received aspirin simultaneously (intensive group).

RESULTSPlasma SAA levels were higher in diabetic patients than those in healthy control subjects, and decreased obviously after intensive multifactorial intervention. The levels of SAA were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and common carotid intima-media thickness (CC-IMT). The standard-reaching rates of glycemia, blood pressure and lipidemia were significantly higher in intensive group than those of conventional group. The incidence of macroangiopathy decreased by 58.96% in intensive group compared with conventional group.

CONCLUSIONSIntensive multifactorial intervention may significantly reduce the SAA levels and prevent the occurrence of AS in short-duration patients with T2DM. SAA might be one of the risk factors of T2DM combined with AS.

Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Tunica Media ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo clarify the expression and clinical significance of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe expression and distribution of MACC1 were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in a cohort of hepatitis B virus-related HCC, including 138 in early (A), 96 in intermediate (B) and 120 in advanced stages (C). The association of MACC1 mRNA with disease progression and outcomes was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.

RESULTSThe intratumoral expressions of MACC1 mRNA in HCC stage I (0.001 76, range: 0.000 54 - 0.002 47), stage II (0.002 49, range: 0.000 55 - 0.006 78) and stage III (0.008 35, range: 0.006 86 - 0.009 88) were about 3-, 4- and 14-fold higher than that in the normal liver tissue (0.000 59, range: 0.000 57 - 0.000 60), respectively. Intratumoral expression of MACC1 mRNA increased with disease progression from stage I to stage III. HCC clinical staging classification, age, portal vein invasion and tumor differentiation were significantly associated with intratumoral high expression of MACC1 mRNA (All P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that there was an increased MACC1 expression in cytoplasm of HCC cells and positive nuclear staining in some cases. Increased MACC1 mRNA expression could predict poor outcome and recurrence in stage A and B HCC postoperatively. The median tumor-free survival and total survival of patients with high MACC1 mRNA expression were 34.0 and 40 months, respectively, significantly lower than that in those with low expression (48.0 and 48.0 months) (all P < 0.01). Cox analysis showed that Child-Pugh grading and high expression of MACC1 mRNA were independent predictive factors, and high expression of MACC1 was an independent predictive factor affecting the tumor-free survival.

CONCLUSIONSMACC1 mRNA up-regulation is a feature of disease progression in HCC. MACC1 mRNA expression in the HCC may become an independent predictive factor for recurrence and survival in postoperative HCC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Rate ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the feasibility and related factors of using semen samples from condoms collected by their female sex workers (FSWs) for HIV-antibody testing. Methods FSWs were recruited by outreach workers. Semen samples from condoms of their sexual partners (paid or regular) were collected by FSWs themselves after intercourse and for HIV testing. Male partners were asked to participate in the study. Questionnaires were administered for both FSWs and their male sexual parmers. Blood samples were also collected for HIV testing. Results In total, 54 FSWs with 43 of their regular sexual partners and 57 casual clients were recruited. HIV prevalence,determined from serum samples, were 33.33% among FSWs, 29.82% and 23.26% among their clients and regular sexual partners. 40.35% and 30.23% of the semen samples from the condoms they used,were tested positive for HIV among clients and regular sexual partners of the FSWs. The sensitivity of semen samples from condoms for HIV-antibodies was 100% among both clients and regular sexual partners of the FSWs, while the rates of specificity were 85.00% and 90.91% respectively. Data from Univariate analysis indicated that among FSWs, factors as the characteristics of self-reported needle sharing and the male sexual partners who had one child, were associated with the disparity between serum and condom semen sample for HIV-antibody testing. Conclusion HIV prevalence in male clients and regular sexual partners of the FSWs might be overestimated according to the HIV-antibody testing results of semen samples from condoms collected by FSWs themselves. Lower specificity indicated that FSWs with positive HIV might have contaminated the semen samples from the condom used by their HIV negative sexual partners.