With advances in complex network theory, the thinking and methods regarding complex systems have changed revolutionarily. Network biology and network pharmacology were built by applying network-based approaches in biomedical research. The cardiovascular system may be regarded as a complex network, and cardiovascular diseases may be taken as the damage of structure and function of the cardiovascular network. Although Chinese medicine (CM) is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, its mechanisms are still unclear. With the guidance of complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology, network-based approaches could be used in the study of CM in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. A new discipline-network cardiovasology of CM was, therefore, developed. In this paper, complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology were introduced and the connotation of "disease-syndrome-formula-herb" was illustrated from the network angle. Network biology could be used to analyze cardiovascular diseases and syndromes and network pharmacology could be used to analyze CM formulas and herbs. The "network-network"-based approaches could provide a new view for elucidating the mechanisms of CM treatment.

Background Diabetiretinopathy(DR) icommon ophthalmivasculadisease which can lead to blindness,and itpathogenesiicomplex.C-peptide iby-producin insulin synthesis,and loof studieindicate thaC-peptide iclosely related with diabetimicrovasculacomplications.Objective Thistudy wato explore the clinical significance of the detection of C-peptide to assesthe prognosiof non-proliferative DR(NPDR).Methodretrospective case-observational study wadesigned.The clinical datof 205 casewith NPDwere collected in Wuhan Puren Hospital from January 1,2009 to January 1,2010.The patientwere diagnosed by fundufluorescein angiography (FFA) and the stageof theidiseasewere determined based on the Dstaging developed by the Chinese Ophthalmological Society fundustudy group.Twenty-seven-month follow-up waperformed fothe patientto record the parameterof theiblood biochemistry,changein theiphysical conditions,and changein theiblood pressure and DM.The patientwere assigned to the PDgroup and NPDgroup athe end of the follow-up.The independenrisk factofoNPDwaanalyzed using the univariate analysis,and multivariate logistiregression analysiwaused to evaluate the correlation of varioufactorwith pooprognosiof NPDR.Receiveoperating characteristi(ROC) curve wadrawn to assesthe prediction efficiency of C-peptide fothe prognosiof NPDR.ResultThe clinical datof 205 patientwith NPDwere reviewed,and 15 patientfailed to show up fovisitarate of 7.3％.One hundred and ninety patientwith NPDfinished follow-up with mean age of (41.54± 8.15)years.Of the 190 patients,69 patient(36.3％) advanced to PDR,and 121 patient(63.7％) were NPDduring the follow-up.Significandifferencewere seen in age,hypertension history,smoking history,DM course and C-peptide levelbetween the PDgroup and PDgroup (age:=13.78,P＜0.05 ; hypertension history:x2 =21.57,P＜0.05 ;smocking history:x2 =26.96,P＜0.05;DM course:t=6.89,P＜0.05;C-peptide:t=20.50,P＜0.05).pooprognosiwacorrelated with age (OR:1.04,95％ CI:1.01-1.07),hypertension history (OR:1.05,95％ CI:1.02-1.08),smokinghistory (OR:1.07,95％CI:1.04-1.11),DM course (0R:1.18,95％CI:1.13-1.25) oC-peptide conten(0R:1.09,95％ CI:1.06-1.12).The areundethe ROcurve wa0.835 (P＜0.05,95％ CI:0.818-0.843) when the C-peptide waincluded,buwalarge than 0.769 (P ＜ 0.05,95％ CI:0.754-0.780) when Cpeptide waexcluded.ConclusionThe levelof blood C-peptide are lowein the PDpatientthan those in the NPDpatients,and the lowelevel of blood C-peptide in the NPDpopulation increasetheirisk of developing PDR.Testing foblood C-peptide level can benefithe prognosiof NPDR.

The main results of the article are as follows:GS(10ug/ml,25ug/ml,50ug/ml)could augment NK activity of murine spleen cells in vitro(p

The initial study of the tumour DNA fingerprints using MYO minisatellite DNA probe wascarried out,and then,by means of DNA recombinant techniques,the fragment of MYO min-isatellite DNA probe obtained from plasmid pUC19-MYO was inserted into plasmid pGEM-4Z containing RNA polymerase promotor,thus a sub-clone refferred as pGEM-4Z-MYOwas constucted.That made an offer of the conditions of preparing RNA probe in order to in-cerase the sensitivities of DNA fingerprinting and laid a foundation for raised the efficiency of de-tecting the polymorphism of the minisatellite DNA.

Objective To investigate methods and effect of preventing hemorrhoea when superior position sacral tumor was resected.Methods 36 patients with superior position sacral tumor were operated by excision of presacral tumor from May 2000 to May 2007.14 cases were performed with double hypogastric artery ligation.Hy- pogastric arteries were embolismed temporarily through intervention in 7 cases and permanently in 10 cases.Distal end of abdominal aorta was placed with sacculus in advance in 5 cases.Average volume of blood was calculated ac- cording to different methods of preventing blood.Results Blood loss was 500～2000ml(average 1100ml)by hy- pogastric artery ligation.Blood loss was 600～2100ml(average 1200ml)by temporary double hypogastric arterial em- bolism while blood loss was 550～1900ml(average 1150ml)by temporary embolism.Blood loss was 200～1000ml (average 560ml)by placing sacculus in advance at distal end of abdominal aorta.Conclusion Hemorrhoea may be prevented completely through temporarily or temporarily reducing blood supply of pars sacralis when sacral tumor was resected.Especially,it is a best method when distal end of abdominal aorta was placed with sacculus in advance.

Evaluating lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer preoperatively can help surgeons to choose the optimal extent of surgical lymph node resection. The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography for lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer is about 70% , which is less accurate than endoscopic ultrasonography,and more accurate than magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. Many molecular markers can predict the lymph node metastasis. The prognostic role of gene expression profiles is better than that of a marker. Sentinel lymph node and mathematical methods (Maruyama software, artificial neural network) may be useful in predicting the lymph node metastasis. Laparoscopy and quantum dots technique are potential methods in predicting lymph node metastasis.

Objective To disclose the implication of nuclear transcription factor(NF)-?B and interleukin(IL-8) in the angiogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of NF-?B, IL-8 and microvessel density (MVD) in 41 samples of gastric cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results NF-?B and IL-8 were positive in 28 samples (68.3%) and 12 samples (29.3%) respectively. NF-?B, but not IL-8, was related to MVD significantly( P =0.002), and there was significant relationship between the expressions of NF-?B and IL-8 and TNM staging( P

Objective To study curative effects of infrared fluoroscopic navigation guided percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods A total of 28 cases of osteoporotic vetebral compression fractures(41 vertebrae) underwent infrared fluoroscopic navigation guided percutaneous vertebroplasty.The fracture was located at T_6～L_4 segment,including 16 thoracic vertebrae and 25 lumbar vertebrae.Fluoroscopic images of the spine were obtained,calibrated,and saved after the reference shelf was fixed on the spinous process of fractured vertebrae.The trajectory,a virtual tool corresponding to the tracked tool,was overlaid onto the saved fluoroscopic views in real time.Postoperative X-ray and CT examinations were performed to observe the vertebral body diaplasis as well as the distribution and leakage of bone cement.The vertebral body volume was measured with CT volumetry preoperatively and postoperatively.The visual analogue scale(VAS) scores were compared before and after operation. Results The bone cement was successfully injected in all the 41 vertebrae.Percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in 13 vertebrae,while percutaneous kyphoplasty was conducted in 28 vertebrae(including balloon expansion in 12 vertebrae and "sky" expansion in 16 vertebrae).Vertebral body injection was performed via unilateral pedicle in 26 vertebrae and via bilateral pedicle in 15 vertebrae.Of the 28 cases,cement injection was carried out in one vertebral body in 17 cases,in two vertebral bodies in 9 cases,and in three bodies in 2 cases.No intraoperative deaths,nerve root or spinal cord injuries,or pulmonary embolism and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies occurred.The operative time for each vertebra was 7.7～20.7 min(14.2?3.3 min) in percutaneous vertebroplasty and 11.2～32.4 min(21.8?5.4 min) in percutaneous kyphoplasty.The X-ray exposure dose for each vertebra was 5.4～19.6 dGy(12.5?3.6 dGy).The amount of injected cement for each vertebra was 2.2 ～6.8 ml(4.6?1.2 ml).The vertebral volume was elevated from preoperative 21.4?4.6 cm3 to postoperative 25.8?5.4 cm3(t=5.623,P=0.000).The VAS scores decreased from preoperative 7.6?1.2 to postoperative 2.9?0.7(t=12.946,P=0.000).No serious complications or vertebral collapses were found during follow-up examinations for 3~14 months(mean,8 months) in the 28 cases. Conclusions Use of infrared fluoroscopic navigation for guiding percutaneous vertebroplasty is feasible.

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) in mouse uterus. Methods: 3-week-old immature female mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with corn oil, estradiol (E2) of 1.5, 3.0, 10, 25 ng, progesterone (P) of 100 ?g and (E_2 10 ng + P 100 ?g)/mouse, respectively. After the treatment for 48 h, mouse uterus was collected to isolate total RNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of mRNA isoforms of VEGF and its receptors in mouse uterus. Results: Compared with control, both E_2 and P significantly increased the expression of VEGF164 and VEGF120 mRNA in mouse uterus. The expression of VEGFR2 mRNA, not VEGF1 mRNA, was decreased by E_2 treatment in a dose-independent manner. Conclusion: Both estradiol and progesterone up-regulated the expression of VEGF, but estradiol down-regulated the expression of VEGFR2 in mouse uterus.

Objective To analyse the association of apolipoprotein E genotype with cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction in the old population of Urumqi. Methods The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique were used to detect the distribution of genotype and gene frequency of ApoE alleles in 56 cases of cerebral infarction(CI), 60 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) and 104 healthy subjects as control. Results The frequency of ApoE ?3/?4 and ?4/?4 genotypes in CI and MI groups was higher than that in control group(P