OBJECTIVE: Since the management of pregnancy is gestational age dependent, accurate knowledge of the dating of gestational age is essential. The gestational age calculation system(GACS) was made to get a precise informations of exact gestational age of pregnant mothers. METHODS: Using the personal computer and Microsoft Visual Basic soft ware, the GACS program was made to meet obstetrician's desire. This program is designed and embodied to calculate gestational age controlling many variables such as last menstrual period(LMP), expectant date of confinement(EDC), gestational age on the calculating date, ultrasonographical gestational age, and conceptional date. RESULTS: The accurate gestational age was displayed by GACS according to various input data. The work sheet of whole gestational age can be printed by GACS. CONCLUSION: The GACS is a tool to calculate gestational age of pregnant mothers precisely. This can be used very conveniently and informatively by obstetric clinicians. We recommend this program for the members of perinatologists and obstetricians.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy

We present an unusual case in which a patient was diagnosed with the preeclampsia associated with a partial hydatidiform mole and bilateral theca-lutein cysts. The patient newly developed proteinuric hypertension at 16 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound findings showed small multiple cystic spaces in the placenta and a live singleton fetus. Triploid 69, XXX was confirmed at karyotype analysis. Intrauterine fetal death was found at 18 weeks' gestation and termination of pregnancy was performed, and a partial hydatidiform mole was confirmed at pathologic examination. Torsion of bilateral theca-lutein cysts was developed at postpartum one week. Detorsion and aspiration of the bilateral theca-lutein cysts were performed under the laparoscopy.
Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Hypertension ; Karyotype ; Laparoscopy ; Placenta ; Postpartum Period ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Triploidy

Although the diagnosis of primary tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy is seems challenging because of protean manifestations and difficult surgical intervention, prompt diagnosis and treatment can minimize both maternal and fetal/neonatal mortality. We have experienced one case of this disease in 23-year-old primigravida in 24 weeks of gestation.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mortality ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Pregnancy* ; Young Adult

Uterine artery embolization was introduced to arrest post-partum hemorrhage 20 years ago. It has also been used to control severe hemorrhage from uterine gestational trophoblast tumors, carcinoma of the uterus, uterine arteriovenous malformations, and cases of pelvic trauma. More recently, transcatheter uterine artery embolization is a new treatment for uterine leiomyoma. A 33-year old married woman with 2 children had a history of heavy pelvic pain and pressure. Ultrasound and MRI investigation showed a bulky 12 x 10cm submucosal myoma in right lower uterine segment. The both uterine artery embolization was performed via a bilateral femoral artery. We present a case in which successful embolization of the uterine arteries in a woman with submucosal myoma resulted in a subsequent transcervical expulsion of large pieces of the dominant fibroid after 3 month of treatment with a brief review.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoma* ; Pelvic Pain ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery* ; Uterus

The corpus callosum consists of white fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is an uncommon congenital anomaly which is easily diagnosed in the postnatal period by ultrasound and computed tomographic scan or MRI, but its prenatal sonographic diagnosis is difficult because of fetal head positioning and limiting trans-axial scans. We experienced a case of agenesis of the corpus callusum with chromosomal anomaly. The prenatal sonographic findings are ventricular abnormalities that demonstrated dilatation of lateral ventricles and disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns, which were suggestive findings for the corpus callosal agenesis. We could confim the diagnosis of the corpus callosal agenesis with chromosome anomaly by postnatal MRI and chromosome analysis.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum* ; Animals ; Cerebrum ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Head ; Horns ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The ovine fetus responds to hemorrhage with a 10-20 fold increase in plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration at 24 hr and a return toward normal at 48 hr after the hemorrhage. The objective of the present study was more accurately to compare the magnitude and time course of the plasma EPO response after fetal hemorrhage. METHODS: Chronically catheterized, 12 of late gestation ovine fetus were gradually hemorrhaged 40% of their blood volume over 2 hr (1ml/min). Plasma was sampled for EPO concentration at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36 hr after initiating the hemorrhage were collected at these times. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma EPO concentrations. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULT: After a slow hemorrhage in the ovine fetus (1ml/min over 2hr), plasma EPO concentration increased significantly at 4hr (2.3 times basal values), reached a maximum at 16 hr (33.3 times basal values), and declined thereafter. CONCLUSION: We studied change in time course of the fetal plasma EPO after slow hemorrhage and recent studies have shown that the fetal kidney, liver and placenta express EPO mRNA. These observation suggest that plasma EPO increase may be mediated by a tissue specific up-regulation of EPO transcription in the fetal kidney, liver and placenta. We have studied change in Epo mRNA expression in various fetal tissue after slow haemorrhage.
Blood Volume ; Catheters ; Erythropoietin* ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Placenta ; Plasma* ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; RNA, Messenger ; Sheep ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To determine which compartments of placenta in the term pregnancy express the embryonic stem cell markers. METHODS: We have used immunohistochemical methods with antibodies to embryonic stem cell surface antigens, TRA 1-60 (Tumor rejection antigen 1-60), TRA 1-81 (Tumor rejection antigen 1-81), SSEA-3 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-3) and SSEA-4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4), to identify and localize stem cells in the term placenta. RESULTS: Stem cell marker-positive cells were found in all layer of placenta. Amnionic epithelial cells was immunoreactive with TRA 1-60, TRA 1-81. Amnionic mesenchymal stromal cells was immunoreactive with TRA 1-81. Chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells was immunoreactive with TRA 1-60 and TRA 1-81. SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 were not stained at any compartment of the term placenta. Compartment that was stained most strongly by TRA 1-60 was the amnionic epithelial cells layer. Compartment that was stained most strongly by TRA 1-81 was the chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells layer. CONCLUSION: The mesenchymal stroma cells of the amnion and chorion as well as amnionic epithelial cells may be useful source of pluripotent stem cells in the term placenta.
Amnion ; Antibodies ; Antigens, Surface ; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate ; Chorion ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Placenta ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Pregnancy ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens ; Stem Cells

Using 3D ultrasound, bilateral chylothorax was diagnosed antenatally in the second trimester. Apparently stable, bilateral pleural effusion progressed rapidly to severe hydrops with facial edema during observation, and then we decided bilateral pleural-amniotic shunt operation. Here we present a case where drainage of pleural effusion by a double reverse pig tail stent made by ourself was achieved, although placement of the thoracoamniotic shunt resulted in near complete drainage of bilateral pleural effusion with normalization of intrathoracic anatomic relationships, subsequent resolution of fetal hydrops, but the ultimate outcome was unsuccessful due to the internalization of one catheter and unknown sudden death. We think that ongoing research is required to further evaluation about complications associated with this procedure, specifically failure of function due to obstruction, migration of the catheter,
Catheters ; Chylothorax* ; Death, Sudden ; Drainage ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Pleural Effusion ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Stents ; Tail ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and predictors of success of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in selected cases of unruptured tubal pregnancies. METHODS: This study was retrospectively performed in 36 women who had diagnosed unruptured tubal pregnancies. Patients received intramuscular MTX. Serial beta-hCG measurement was performed weekly, and success was defined as the achievement to beta-hCG concentration of 10 mIU/mL without surgical intervention. Surgical intervention was performed for presumed tubal rupture. Pretreatment serum concentration of beta-hCG, the size of tubal mass and gestational sac by transvaginal ultrasonography were measured to evaluate the predictors of MTX therapy. RESULTS: 29 patients (81%) were successfully treated by MTX systematic treatment. There were not significant differences in the patient's age, parity, gestational age and the size of tubal ectopic mass, but significant differences in the gestational sac size and serum beta-hCG concentration between success group and failure group of MTX treatment. The mean time for achieving successful treatment was 33.8 days. The success rate of systemic MTX was significantly decreased and resolution time was prolonged if the initial pretreatment serum beta-hCG was 10,000 mIU/mL or gestational sac size was >or=1 cm. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment serum beta-hCG concentration and gestational sac size are important predictors of success of MTX treatment in women with unruptured tubal pregnancy.
Female ; Gestational Age ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to detect genes specifically expressed in severe preeclamptic placentas. METHODS: Placenta tissues were collected immediately after delivery from 5 preeclamptic patients and 5 normal pregnant women. Total RNAs of each placenta were extracted and hybridized for a cDNA microarray. Of the microarray data, four up-regulated genes (DSCR4, GPA, PCDHGB1, Hemogen) and four down-regulated genes (IL1R2, MGST1, GAS1 GREB1) were selected and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the results of cDNA microarray. RESULTS: The expression fold for each up-regulated gene was 2.2 times for DSCR4, 2.7 times for PCDHGB1, 3.5 times for Hemogen, 5.2 times for GPA on the cDNA microarray. The expression fold for each down-regulated gene was 3.3 times for IL1R2, 4.2 times for MGST1, 4.9 times for GAS1 and 2.3 times for GREB1 on the cDNA microarray. The expression fold for each up- regulated gene was 5.21 times for DSCR4, 3.01 times for PCDHGB1, and 4,53 times for Hemogen and 2.2 times for GPA on RT-PCR. The expression fold for each down-regulated gene was 2.7 times for IL1R2, 2.22 times for MGST1, 2.53 times for GAS1 and 1.83 times for GREB1 on the RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: DSCR4, PCDHGB1, Hemogen and GPA as the up-regulated genes and IL1R2, MGST1, GAS1 and GREB1 as the down-regulated genes, which were found and selected by the cDNA microarray, might be considered to be novel biomarkers for preeclampsia.
Biomarkers ; Chimera ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Placenta ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnant Women ; RNA