Objective To develop a sensitive HPLC method for the determination of malachite green in fresh water. Methods The HPLC column of ZORBAX SB-C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was employed and acetonitrile and acetate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH=4.5, V∶V=80∶20) were taken as the mobile phase. The samples were tested at wave length of 588 nm after post-column oxidation with PbO2 flowed at 1.5 ml/min. Results The average recovery rate were 98.5% and 97.8% respectively at the water concentration of 2.0 ?g/L and 10.0 ?g/L,the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 11.2% and 8.0%,the least detection limit was 0.02 ?g/L. Conclusion The method is stable,sensitive and suitable for the detection of malachite green in water.

Objective To retrospective analyze the treatment of hallux valgus with the procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, combining with osteotomy of the base of the second and/or third metatarsal(s), and to study the indications and effects of this procedure. Methods 35 cases 56 hallux valgus feet were treated by operative procedure from January 1994 to December 2003. 26 cases 43 feet underwent the operative procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, 9 cases 13 feet with painful callus under the second and/or third metatarsal(s) head underwent osteotomy of the base of the first, second and/or third metatarsal(s). The axial and lateral films of all feet with loading were taken before and after operation. The change of anatomic indexes and AOFAS of the patient postoperatively were recorded and analyzed. Results In the group with osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, AOFAS score was 47.6?5.8 preoperatively, and 84.3?5.7 postoperatively. In the group with osteotomy of the base of the first, second and/or third metatarsal(s), AOFAS score was 44.7?5.7 preoperatively, and 85.7?4.5 postoperatively. There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative rontgenographic index and AOFAS in each group. Conclusion The operative procedure is effective. The operative procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal can get good result in moderate and severe hallux valgus patients. Osteotomy of the second and/or third metatarsal(s) were recommended in cases with painful callus under the second and/or third metatarsal(s). Normal forefoot appearance and function can be restored by the procedure to reestablish the transverse arch.

0.05). Qs / Qt was significantly higher at 2 min of OLV than that during TLV in both groups ( P 0.05) . The difference in Qs / Qt at 10 min, 30 min and 60 min of OLV between the two groups was statistically significant ( P

Objective To investigate the cytotoxic effects of human γδT cells on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods Normal human PBMC were activated by IPP and rhIL-2.The expansion of γδT cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The concentration of interferon gamma in the supernatants was detected by ELISA.The cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes against hepatocellular carcinoma cells were measured by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay in vitro.Results After PBMC activated by IPP and rhIL-2 for 10 days,the proportion of γδT cells were expanded from (4.34±1.79)% to (55.65±6.88 )%.The secretion of interferon gamma expanded significantly after PBMC stimulated by IPP,and reached its peak value at the seventh day.The secretion of interferon gamma is lower if it has no IPP.The activated lymphocytes stimulated by IPP were detected to have cytotoxicity in vitro against human hepatocellular carcinoma ceils.Conclusion The high proportion of γδT cells can be gained in human PBMC activated by IPP,PBMC stimulated by IPP can secret interferon gamma effectively and the activated γδT cells have high cytotoxlcity in vitro against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Carcinoid Tumor ; pathology ; Groin ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

With the concept of vascular cognitive impairment has been deeply recognized and the thorough studies of its pathogenesis,study reports on vascular cognitive impairment have been increasing in recent years.This article reviews the molecular mechanism and genetics of vascular cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of the anticoagulants on PRP quality, so as to clarify the appropriate anticoagulant used in PRP production.

METHODSThe microstructure change of platelets collected via heparin, citrate, acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole ( CTAD) was observed by TEM following time course. The extent of spontaneous activation of platelets in four groups was detected by measuring sP-selectin in plasma. The TGF-β1 release amount of activated PRP of four groups was measured.

RESULTSCTAD is superior to other anticoagulants in maintaining the integrity of platelet structures for a long time and preventing platelet spontaneous activation. ACD slightly surpassed heparin and citrate in above two aspects. ACD-PRP and CTAD-PRP released significantly more TGF-β1 compared with heparin and citrate.

CONCLUSIONSThe PRP quality and biological effects were strongly associated with the type of Anticoagulants. ACD and CTAD are optimal anticoagulants in PRP production for they can maintain platelet viability at a high level.

Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; physiology ; Citrates ; pharmacology ; Citric Acid ; pharmacology ; Dipyridamole ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Theophylline ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of sorafenib in ameliorating renal fibrosis and its possible mechanisms.Methods Rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO ) and intragastrically administered sorafenib.NRK-52E cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and sorafenib. HE staining was used to visualize renal fibrosis.α-SMA and E-cadherin expressions in kidney tissue and NRK-52E cells were performed using immunofluorescence.The cell cycle of NRK-52E cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis.Smad3 and p-Smad3 protein expressions in NRK-52E cells were detected by Western blot analysis. Results HE staining showed that kidney interstitial fibrosis,tubular atrophy,and inflammatory cell infiltration in the sorafenib-treated UUO groups were significantly decreased compared with the vehicle-treated UUO group (P<0.05).Compared with those in UUO and TGF-β-stimulated NRK-52E groups,the expression of a-SMA decreased but E-cadherin expression increased in the UUO kidneys and NRK-52E cells of the sorafenib-treated groups (P<0.05).After 24 h stimulation with TGF-β1 5 ng/mL,the number of cell cycles arrested in G0/G1 phase was significantly increased and the number of cells that entered G2 ,S phase decreased (P<0 .0 5 ).Compared with that in TGF-β-stimulated NRK-52E groups, p-Smad3 decreased in the sorafenib-treated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that sorafenib may be useful for the treatment of renal fibrosis through suppressing TGF-β/Smad3 signaling.

Background The main cause of X linked juvenile retinoschisis is mutation of RS1 gene.The phenotype of X linked juvenile retinoschisis is associated with the mutation types of RS1 gene.However,the relationship of genotype and phenotype of X linked juvenile retinoschisis is unclear.Objective The present study was to survey the clinical phenotype of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis in twelve Chinese families with eleven different mutations in the XLRS1 gene. Methods Complete ophthalmic examinations with slit lamp biomicroscopy,fundus examination and Dhotography were carried out in 28 affected males.Ganzfeld electroretinography (ERG),fundus fluorescein angiography,A and B-scan standardized echography and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were also performed in some patients.The coding regions of the XLRS1 gene that encodes retinoschisin were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and analyzed by the single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP)assay.The RS1 gene mutations were determined by direct sequencing in an automated sequencer.Written informed consent wasobtained prior to the survey. Results The 28 affected males showed a typical foveal schisis with or without peripheral retinoschisis.The typical response to white single flash ERG was seen with a reduction of the b-wave amplitude and a relative preservation of the a-wave amplitude.causing a reduced b/a ratio in the male patients.A total of eleven different XLRS1 mutations in 12 families were identified,four of these mutations,including one frameshift mutaion(22 del T)of exon 1,Asp145His,Arg156Gly and Trp163X mutations of exon 5,were first described in this survey.One non-disease-related polymorphism(NSP),or the 576C to T(Pro192Pro)change of exon 6 was also newly reported herein.In the families with a frameshift(22 del T)mutation of exon 1,a splice donor site mutation(IVS1+2T

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of shenmai injection(SMI) on cardiomyocytes injured by hydrogen peroxide(H 2O 2) or angiotension Ⅱ(AngⅡ). Methods According to the different concentrations of H 2O 2, AngⅡ,SMI,Vitamin C(VitC) added into the cardiomyocytes culture media(CCM), the cultures were divided into 15 groups. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH ),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) of CCM and cardiomyocytes viability(CMV), Na +-K +-ATPase,Ca 2+-ATPase?cardiomyocytes apoptosis rate(CMAR) ,nitrogen oxide(NO), nitrogen oxide synthesis enzyme(NOS),eNOS expression of cardiomyocytes were detected respectively .Results H 2O 2 or AngⅡ could decrease CMV, SOD, Na +-K +-ATPase,Ca 2+-ATPase,NOS,NO,eNOS expression and increase CMAR,LDH and MDA.SMI could lessen the changes of the items mentioned above ,which were caused by H 2O 2 or AngⅡ.The effects of SMI 10 ml/L were stronger than those of SMI 5 ml/L or VitC 50 mg/L.Conclusion SMI has a significant protective effect on cardiomyocyte injured by H 2O 2 or AngⅡ.