OBJECTIVETo study the difference and similarity between Hans and Uighurs in regard to Rhesus box and its significance.

METHODSThe sequence specific primers of upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were designed on the basis of RHD gene sequence. The upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCP-SSP) and mismatched PCR.

RESULTSThe percentage of RHD-/RHD-, RHD+/RHD- and RHD+/RHD+ genotypes ascertained in the unrelated Hans with RhD(-) were 61.40%, 34.21% and 4.39% respectively, while those in the unrelated Chinese Uighurs with RhD(-) were 94.44%, 2.78% and 2.78% respectively. Furthermore, all 6 cases of some other minorities were RHD-/RHD- types. The percentage of RHD-/RHD- and RHD+/RHD- genotypes ascertained in the unrelated Chinese Uighurs were significantly higher than those in Chinese Hans (P < 0.01), whereas no statistically significant difference in the percentage of RHD+/RDH+ genotype between the two groups was observed (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Rh blood group of Uighurs in Xingjiang possesses both Oriental and Caucasian characteristics, which embodies a special ethnical aspect of the Chinese nation and is in accord with the anthropologic research results.

China ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo research on the protective effect of 3'-methoxy-puerarin (3'-mo-pue) on rat brain suffering from ischemia and to offer the experimental basis for widening the applied areas of Radix Puerariae.

METHODAll rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, control group, Pue group and 3'-mo-pue group. The influence of different dosage on relevant indexes were measured through cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat covered by Fecl3, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat after 2VO.

RESULTThe result showed that 3'-mo-Pue could reduce the scores of neurological deficit, cerebral infarcted zone to varying degrees and the water content of brain tissue in MCAO model. It could obviously increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the hippocampus and also increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the cortex in the ischemia field. Moreover, 3'-mo-Pue could decrease the content of LPO, LD in the brain tissue of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat.

CONCLUSION3'-mo-Pue has favorable protective effect on brain suffering from ischemia. The mechanism is possibly related to its effect of anti-oxidation.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar

To study the method for Rhesus box test and its significance, the sequence specific primers of upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were designed according to RhD gene sequence; the upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were determined by PCP-SSP and mismatched PCR. The results showed that this method was confirmed by DNA Standard test. It was shown that in unrelative RhD positive individuals RHD(+)/RHD(-), RHD(+)/RHD(+) genotype accounted for 9.00%, 91.00% respectively, and in RhD negative individuals RHD(+)/RHD(-), RHD(+)/RHD(+), RHD(-)/RHD(-) genotype were 26.14%, 3.92%, 69.94% respectively. It is concluded that the method of Rhesus box test was confirmed to be reliable and can be used for the identification of RhD haplotype gene structure, as well as for study on inheritance, clinical transfusion and neonatal hemolytic diseases.
Base Sequence ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVES: To explore the risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children with β-thalassemia major (TM) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 247 children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2021 to November 2022. The children were divided into an HC group (91 cases) and a non-HC group (156 cases) based on whether HC occurred after operation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for HC, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of related factors for HC. RESULTS: Among the 247 TM patients who underwent allo-HSCT, the incidence of HC was 36.8% (91/247). Univariate analysis showed age, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), positive urine BK virus deoxyribonucleic acid (BKV-DNA), and ≥2 viral infections were associated with the development of HC after allo-HSCT (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that incompatible blood types between donors and recipients (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 1.538-6.539), occurrence of aGVHD (OR=2.581, 95%CI: 1.125-5.918), and positive urine BKV-DNA (OR=21.878, 95%CI: 9.633-49.687) were independent risk factors for HC in children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that positive urine BKV-DNA alone or in combination with two other risk factors (occurrence of aGVHD, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients) had a certain accuracy in predicting the development of HC after allo-HSCT (area under the curve >0.8, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of aGVHD, and positive urine BKV-DNA are risk factors for HC after allo-HSCT in children with TM. Regular monitoring of urine BKV-DNA has a positive significance for early diagnosis and treatment of HC.
Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy* ; Cystitis/epidemiology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications* ; DNA ; Polyomavirus Infections/epidemiology*

The current situation of the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Taiwan region is introduced in this paper from the three aspects, named the development state of standard of acupuncture and moxibustion in Taiwan, the implementation of Taiwan district standard and the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in Taiwan. At present, the relevant standards of acupuncture and moxibustion in Taiwan just include the standard operation procedure of acupuncture and moxibustion, the reference guideline of the safe operation in the medical service centers of traditional Chinese medicine, and the faculty standard of Chinese medicine hospital, etc. It is concluded that the current situation of the standardization of acupuncture and moxibusiton presented the weak awareness of the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the industry, insufficient enterprise standard, less-quantity of the implemented standards and narrow coverage.
Acupuncture ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Taiwan

BACKGROUNDThe 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza showed that relatively young adults accounted for the highest rates of hospital admission and death. In preparation for pH1N1, the aim of the study is to identify factors associated with the mortality of patients with 2009 pH1N1 infection, especially for young patients without chronic medical conditions.

METHODSRetrospective observational study of 2151 severe or critical adult cases (≥ 14 years old) admitted to a hospital with pH1N1 influenza from September 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 from 426 hospitals of 27 Chinese provinces. A confirmed case was a person whose pH1N1 virus infection was verified by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Severe and critical cases were defined according to the H1N1 2009 Clinical guidelines (Third Edition, 2009) released by the Ministry of Health of China.

RESULTSAmong the 2151 patients, the mean age was 34.0 years. Two hundred and ninty-three (13.6%) died during hospital stay. One thousand four hundred and forty-two patients (67.0%) had no comorbidities and 189 (13.1%) of them died. Pregnancy (OR 8.03), pneumonia (OR 8.91), dyspnea (OR 3.95), central nervous system (CNS) symptom (OR 1.55), higher APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score (OR 1.06), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 1.002), and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (OR 1.001) were independent risk factors for death among adults without chronic medical conditions. Higher APACHE II score (OR 1.08) and age (OR 1.06) were independent risk factors for death among adults with respiratory diseases. A multivariate analysis showed an association between mortality and CNS symptoms (OR 2.66), higher APACHE II score (OR 1.03), ALT (OR 1.006), and LDH level (OR 1.002) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dyspnea (OR 11.32) was an independent risk factor for patient death in patients with diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSIONClinical knowledge of identified prognostic factors for mortality may aid in the management of adult influenza infection.

APACHE ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence,demographic characteristics,risk factors and protective factors on major depression disorder(MDD)among the affected people in the epicenter,7 months after the 2008-earthquake in Wenchuan,China.Methods Stratified multistage cluster randomization was conducted to choose 14 503 subjects aged 15 years or over in the city of Dujiangyan,Beichuan county and Qingchuan county,Sichuan province.We used the general health questionnaire(GHQ-12)as the screening instrument,and the structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR axis Ⅰ disorder-patient edition(SCID-Ⅰ/P)as the tool for diagnosis.Results There were 180 persons diagnosed as MDD with other 13 asymptomatic ones.The point prevalence of MDD was 1.27% and the lifetime prevalence was 1.36%.Risk factors were including:being female(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.136～ 2.143,P＜0.05),co-morbidity with somatic diseases(OR=4.02,95%CI:2.75-5.90,P＜0.05),wounded in the earthquake(OR=3.29,95%CI:1.92-5.65,P＜0.05),property loss up to 10 000-20 000 Yuan(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.18-3.69,P＜0.05),property loss up to＞20 000 Yuan(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.38-4.68,P＜0.05),death or missing of family members(OR=3.79,95%CI:2.08-6.89,P＜0.05)and in middle-age(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.38-3.86,P＜0.05)etc.Having had a job seemed to be a protective factor(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.43-0.83,P＜0.05).Conclusion Major depressive disorder appeared to be a common psychiatric disease in these quake-stricken areas,that causing serious problems.Sustained follow-up and care provided to the affected people in these areas were of extreme importance.

Objective To understand the epidemic situation and the source of infection of the reemerge human rabies in Qinghai. Methods We collected the data on human rabies and the data on the cases of multi- victims bitten by the identical dog, and also the laboratory data of the nucleoprotein ( N) gene of rabies virus from the samples which were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) from 2012 to 2017, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and the prevalence of rabies virus in host animals, and to explore the source of infection of reemerge human rabies. Results A total of 7 human cases were reported in 2012-2017 in Qinghai province, among which 1 was bitted by wolf, 2 were bitted by stray dogs, 3 were bitted by domestic dogs which injured by stray dogs or wolfs. A total of 892 canine brain tissue samples were collected, from which 46 positive samples were detected with the positive rate of 5.16% (95% CI：3.70%-6.61%). The positive samples were collected from the nomadic region, which were consistent had the location of the human rabies. The samples collected from the cases of multi-victims bitten by the identical dog/animal had the positive rate of 73.08%, and 4 out of 7 human rabies were exposed to the cases of multi-victims bitten by the identical dog/animal. Genetic sequencing of the rabies virus detected from canine brain tissue samples were belong to China IV lineage, which was closely related to the Arctic clade. Conclusions The reemerging rabies happened in nomadic region of Qinghai province could be a consequence of spillover from wildlife especially from wolfs. The better surveillance system covering the human, livestock and wildlife should be set up to mitigate the rabies virus spread from the wildlife.

BACKGROUNDUnregulated commercial blood/plasma collection among farmers occurred between 1992 and 1995 in central China and caused the second major epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in China. It is important to characterize HIV-1-infected former blood donors and to study characteristics associated with disease progression for future clinical intervention and vaccine development.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed on HIV-1-infected former blood donors (FBDs) and age-matched HIV-seronegative local residents. Demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and key laboratory data were collected from all study participants. Both unadjusted and adjusted multivariate linear regressions were employed to analyze the association of the decrease of CD4(+) T-cell counts with other characteristics.

RESULTSTwo hundred and ninety-four HIV-1-infected FBDs and 59 age-matched HIV-seronegative local residents were enrolled in this study. The unregulated blood/plasma collection occurred more than a decade (10.8 - 12.8 years) ago, which caused the rapid spread of HIV-1 infection and the high prevalence of co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV, 89.5%); hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection was observed in only 11 HIV(+)participants (3.7%). Deterioration in both clinical manifestation and laboratory parameters and increase of viral loads were observed in parallel with the decrease of CD4(+) T-cell counts. The decrease of total lymphocyte counts (P < 0.001) and hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001) and the appearance of dermatosis (P = 0.03) were observed in parallel with the decrease of CD4(+) T-cell counts whereas viral loads (P < 0.001) and CD8(+) T-cell counts (P = 0.01) were inversely associated with CD4(+) T-cell counts.

CONCLUSIONSCo-infection with HCV but not HBV is highly prevalent among HIV-1-infected FBDs. CD4(+) T-cell counts is a reliable indicator for disease progression among FBDs. Total lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin level and appearance of dermatosis were positively associated with CD8(+) T-cell counts and viral loads were inversely associated with the decreased CD4(+) T-cell counts.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

The 2017 China (Lianyungang) International Medical Technology Conference was held in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province during November 15-17,2017.During this conference,the Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of Chinese Pharmacological Society (CNPHARS) and Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.jointly held the Forum on R&D and Interna-tionalization of New Drugs and Health Products of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The forum was co-chaired by Professor ZHANG Yong-xiang, President of CNPHARS, Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS,and Chair of the Natural Product Section of Inter-national Union of Basic&Clinical Pharmacology(IUPHAR), Professor DU Guan-hua,former President of CNPHARS and Vice-Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS,and Dr.XIAO Wei,Chairman of the Board of Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. And Vice-Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS. More than 70 scholars attended the forum, including four foreign experts [Michael SPEDDING, Secretary-General of IUPHAR; Professor Valérie B. SCHINI-KERTH, Vice-Chair of the Natural Product Section of IUPHAR; Professor Cherry WAINWRGHT, Director of Centre for Natural Product Drugs of Robert Gordon University; Professor InKyeom KIM, Director of the Korean Society of Pharmacology], members of the Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS and leading researchers at Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.GU Jin-hui,Director of the Division of National Science and Technology Major Project for Drug Innovation,Department of Health Science,Technology and Education,National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China was also invited to attend the forum. Representatives discussed the R&D and internationalization of new drugs and health products of traditional Chinese medicine.The summary of views and advice of some experts was published here for the purpose of promoting domestic and overseas academic exchange, and playing an active role in improving the level of R&D and internationalization of new drugs and health products of traditional Chinese medicine in China.