This study was aimed by applying phenomenal way of study which is the qualitative way of study in order to provide basic data for the whole nursing of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ who are in dangerous situations called mechanical ventilation aid by confirming and understanding the significance of the experience of the objects who experienced artificial recipiratory organ. The patients who agreed to participate at the study after being given the explanation, who are able to exchange minds as they are separated from the recipiratory organ and tube after having been fully recovered to the ability of breathing at present after the experience of mechanical ventilation aid in the room for serious patients of one general hospital at Sung Nam City, Kyongido province, and they are 5 in number who could repeat the statement about the experience, and it has been from Aug. 1998 through Apr. 1994. The data have been collected from the participant patients who had the feeling of trust and intimacy favorably with the researcher as they have been taken care for by the researcher when they were in artificial recipiratory organ in the room for serious patients in the hospital where the researcher has been assigned, and the details of conversation with them have been recorded directly and immediately and in order to prevent details of conversation from being omitted, they are tape-recorded by the consent of the patients. Phenomenal way of analysis suggested by Giorgi was used based on the data described from the words of the patients and the details of observation of the researcher, and the results of the study are as the below; The significance of the experience of the patients who had artificial recipilatory organ through confirmation by deep interivew and observation including participation: 1) The sense of loss: loss of mind exchange, loss of sleep, loss of guidance, loss of sense, loss of role, loss of self-concept, loss of self-control, loss of self-decision and loss of human resources. 2) Felling of inconvenience: Pain, agony 3) Psychological discords: confusion, grudge, felling of burden, fear, instability and sadness 4) Unconsciousness reaction: dream 5) Adaptation: reception, longing and feeling of gratitude and others. The significance in the science of nursing centered by the above results are as the follows; The patients with mechanical ventilation aid have been experiencing bigger pain than anyother patients in the room of serious patients due to environmental stress of the room of serious patients and the situational stress of having artificial recipiratory organ together with psychological pain due to the disease, and I think without any suitable arbitration they might be handicapped in the thought and action. The nurse who takes care of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ would be able to provide the suitable nursing arbitration which can decrease effectively the stress if the nurse has the concrete understanding about their stress as the person in intimate relationship nearest them. But until today the study on the significance of the experience of such patients has been scarcely conducted to the ones with artificial recipiratory organ and no study has been conducted in Korea. This study has been made with the effort of trying to understand deeply the experience of the patients in psychological, physical, social and spiritual views of the patients equipped with artificial recipiratory organ, therefore based on the experience of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ confirmed by this study, I think this study would be meaningful as the basic data for preparing the way of nursing arbitration effectively for the wholeman nursing for the patients who are given the mechanical ventilation aid.
Disabled Persons ; Dreams ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Unconsciousness

This study tried to search the coping method which provides the best quality of life for the inpatients and to inquire into the phenomenon of the caring through the phenomenological caring experience of the inpatients. The subjects of the study were seven patients who admissed in K hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from October 1996 to September 1997. The researcher as a caregiver made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The researcher described closely the caring experiences with there words themeselves and under the observation of the researcher. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevents the leakage of the spoken information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject's expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the caring experience with the subject's language (underlining), and the focal meanings are identified in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make situated structural description as the meaning of the caring experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the caring experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the caring experienced phenomena and flowing of the consciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows: The sixteen caring experiences which the subjects experienced were sorted as under ;(1) Mind to hesitate to ask questions: Time lack, Knowledge lack, Excessive task, Inhospitality, Negative impression, Compassion, Embarrassed, Horror of the knowing. (2) Mind to put blame upon environmental situations-Noise, Poor of the hospital institution and negligence of management (3) Mind to be frightened-Surgery, Diagnostic test, Changed environment. (4) Mind to be self-abandonment-Fated situation /Mine fault, Indistinct diagnosis. (5) Mind to be sorrowful-Unkind attitude, Lack of understanding of neighboring. (6) Mind to be impetuous-Delay of diagnostic test. (7) Mind to be worry-Domestic management, Economic burden, Anxiety for prognosis. (8) Mind to endure-Pain, Boring of hospital life, Lethargy. (9) Mind to be compliant-Therapeutic process, Hospitalizational process. (10) Mind to support-Concern of familiar members. (11) Mind to wish-Kind attitude, Meticulous explanations, Good prognosis. (12) Mind to gratitude-Good caring, Kind attitude. (13) Mind to wish to knowing-Explanations illness process, Explanations of testing result. (14) Mind to reidentified the self concept-Retrospect of oneself's life, Positive thought, Self-reliance. (15) Mind to be comfortable-Immediate response, Trust for medical teams. (16) Mind to be dependent-Self addiction (Dream). Finally, in the caring structure the sense of certainty don't always coexist with the sense of uncertainty. When the inpatients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the caring structure.
Anxiety ; Caregivers ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Empathy ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Lethargy ; Malpractice ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Seoul ; Uncertainty

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the rate of addictive drug abuse is rapidly increasing in men on salary, housewives, and even in adolescents, who have been considered to be free from drugs, which presents a serious problem to the society. Especially, the habituation to gateway drug, such as cigarettes and alcohol, before 15 years old, would lead to the increased possibility of other drug abuse, including illicit drugs. Thereupon in this study, we intended toreview the effect of adolescents smoking an the drug abuse and deviated behaviors. METHODS: On September, 1997, randomly selected were 12 classes, an the basis of 2 classes per grade, from the two schools which was located each in Seoul and Buchean. And survey was dane on 610 students with non non-nominl, self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate of adolescent smoking was 28.1% in male students and had increasing tendency of "the higher the grades, the higher the smoking rate"(17.0% in the 1st gade, 31.5% in the 2nd grade, 35.9% in the 3rd grade). The smoking rate of female students was 12.3%. From the 2nd grade of middle school to the 2nd grade of high school was the critical period when the smoking habit was initiated in almost 90% of the students. The experiencing rates of drug abuse in studied subjects were as follows : drinking(79.0%), stimulants(4.8%), sedatives(4.1%), hypnotics(3.1%), glue sniffing(1.5%), butane gas(0.7%), marijuana/hemp(0.2%). They were higher in the smoking group than in the nansMoking group, showing statistical significances in most items except hypnotics and marijuana/hemp. Also simihr results were shown in deviated behaviors between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: With the concerted efforts of family, school, society and natian, we as family physicians should make efforts to delay and prevent adolescent's smoking, which is a gateway to drug abuse and deviated behaviors, and to increase people's recognition of health risks caused by smoking, and to provide proper program for adolescents to stop smoking.
Adhesives ; Adolescent ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Korea ; Male ; Physicians, Family ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Street Drugs ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires