BackgroundCataract is a leading blinding eye disease,and the prevalence of cataract varies in different regions.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the incidence of cataract,surgical coverage rate of cataract and postoperative visual acuity,and to propose a strategy for blindness prevention in Chifeng Keshiketengqi.Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of research.A random cluster sampling method was performed in 12 populated areas in Keshiketengqi.Inhabitants over 50 years in the region were included in this survey.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Inner Mongolia People' s Hospital.Informed consents were obtained orally from all the subjects.Disease history,visual acuity,intraocular pressure and regular ophthamological examinations were performed.The inclusion criteria of a pilot study and detailed protocol were employed to calculate the incidence rate of cataract.The questionnaire survey was simultaneously adopted to analyze the cataract-related factors.The surgical coverage rate of cataract in this area was calculated.ResultsIn a total 4234 inhabitants,3826 subjects participated in the survey with a response rate of 90.36％.Cataract was found in 1200 participants with an incidence rate of 31.39％.Age,the female gender and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for cataract (x2 =101.005,P =0.000 ;x2 =58.853,P =0.000 ;x2 =12.037,P =0.007 ).The prevalence rates of cataract were 36.98％ and 33.56％ for illiterates and women,respectively.The incidence rate in the Mongol population was significantly higher than that of the Han population ( 34.83％ vs.29.76％ ) (x2 =9.734,P =0.001 ).The cataract surgery rate increased yearly since 1998.When the vision acuity of the fellow eye was ＜0.1,the surgery coverage rate was 20.60％,but the rates were lower in female,illiterates and the Mongol population (x2 =1.993,P =0.038 ;x2 =16.463,P =0.044 ;x2 =8.523,P =0.029).When a pinhole visual acuity of ＜0.05 was determined as the criteria of blindness,the surgical coverage rate was 28.36％.The cataract surgical coverage rates for Han and Mongolian were 30.67％ and 24.53％,respectively,with a significant difference between them (x2 =12.951,P=0.000).The social burden rate was 3.34％ in this area,with a majority of females,illiterates and the Mongol population ( P＜0.05 ).ConclusionsIn agricultural and pastoral areas of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,the ≥50 years old population has a high rate of cataract blindness and low surgery coverage rate.Surgery is still the preferred way for cataract treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method to determine and compare the contents of sodium benzoate in medicinal(phar-maceutical excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients) and non-medicinal (chemical reagents and food additives) grade. METHODS:HPLC was conducted for content determination,SPSS 18.0 software was adopted to compare the results. The column was Purospher STAR LP RP-18 endcapped with mobile phase of acetotrile-0.02% formic acid(adjusted pH to 4.0 with aqua ammo-nia)(30∶70,V/V)at a flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 230 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and vol-ume injection was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of sodium benzoate was 10.5-525.3 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision, stability,reproducibility and durability tests were lower than 0.5%;recovery was 99.38%-101.26%(RSD=0.56%,n=9). The av-erage contents of sodium benzoate in medicinal and non-medicinal grade were between 99.400%-99.875%,but the average content of non-medicinal grade is lower than the medical grade. CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate and simple with high specificity and good reproducibility,and can be used to determine and compare the content of sodium benzoate in medicinal and non-medici-nal grade.

Air Pollution ; analysis ; Barium ; analysis ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Workplace

NAD +-dependent cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Sacch aromyces cerevisiae is one of the key enzymes in metabolic pathway of glycerol . catalysing the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosph ate.It has two isoenzymes.To study the differences between their structures, their expression of encoding genes and their functions may help increase the understan ding of the cell response mechanism to the hyperosmotic and anoxic conditions. In this paper the research on the two isoenzymes was reviewed.

Objective To summarize the experiences in using Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss for guided bone regener- ation in dental implantation.Methods In 28 cases of bone deficiency,Bio-Gide membranes were applied to cover alveolar defects filled with the Bio-Oss bone powder.In postoperative periodic follow-.up,the bone regeneration effect was observed by successive clinical and X-ray examination.Results 38 implants were inserted in the 28 patients and Bio-Gide membranes were used in the sites of the 38 implants.Alveolar bone defects were filled with new bone in 27 patients,1 implant loosed because of inflammation.37 implants had ideal osseointegration at stageⅡsurgery and were prosthetic rcconstructed successfully.No implant loosed during the observed period of 15 months to 4 years. Conclusion Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss have ideal effect of guided bone regeneration in dental implantation.

Objective To learn more about the clinical and laboratory features of childhood paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH) and to improve the diagnosis.Methods The clinical and laboratory features of 12 cases of PNH were analyzed,who were diagnosed from January 2000 to November 2004,and the positive responses to treatments were observed.Results 1) The youngest age of onset was 2 years;the disease often manifested with anemia(100%),recurrent infections(50%) and hemorrhages(33%),occurring mainly in skin and mucosa.No patient developed a thrombosis.2) 66.7% of the patients showed peripheral blood cytopenia.Dysplasia of bone marrow was observed in 25% of patients.Fifty percent of them had an increased percentage of erythroid lineage.3) Positive hemolytic tests included urine OB 41.6%,Ham′s test 33.3% and Rous′ test 25%.Glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol(GPI) deficient cells were found in 100% of the patients.4) 57.1% of patients was improved after being treated with adrenocortical hormone,androgens or cysporin.Conclusions Besides hemoglobinuria,peripheral blood cytopenia were also the common manifestation of PNH.Flow cytometry based immunophenotypic methods for the analysis of CD_(55) and CD_(59) may improve the diagnosis of PNH.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):153-154

Nitrites play multiple characteristic functions in invasion and metastasis of hepatic cancer cells, but the exact mechanism is not yet known. Cancer cells can maintain the malignant characteristics via clearance of excess mitochondria by mitophagy. The purpose of this article was to determine the roles of nitrite, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia inducing factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 α) in mitophagy of hepatic cancer cells. After exposure of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells to a serial concentrations of sodium nitrite for 24 h under normal oxygen, the maximal cell vitality was increased by 16 mg x (-1) sodium nitrite. In addition, the potentials of migration and invasion for SMMC-7721 cells were increased significantly at the same time. Furthermore, sodium nitrite exposure displayed an increase of stress fibers, lamellipodum and perinuclear mitochondrial distribution by cell staining with Actin-Tracker Green and Mito-Tracker Red, which was reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a reactive oxygen scavenger). DCFH-DA staining with fluorescent microscopy showed that the intracellular level of ROS concentration was increased by the sodium nitrite treatment. LC3 immunostaining and Western blot results showed that sodium nitrite enhanced cell autophagy flux. Under the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), more autolysosomes formed after sodium nitrite treatment and NAC could prevent autophagosome degradation. RT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of COX I and COXIV mRNA were decreased significantly after sodium nitrite treatment. Meanwhile, laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that sodium nitrite significantly reduced mitochondrial mass detected by Mito-Tracker Green staining. The expression levels of HIF-1α, Beclin-1 and Bnip3 (mitophagy marker molecular) increased remarkably after sodium nitrite treatment, which were reversed by NAC. Our results demonstrated that sodium nitrite (16 mg x L(-1)) increased the potentials of invasion and migration of hepatic cancer SMMC-7721 cells through induction of ROS and HIF-1α mediated mitophagy.
Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Autophagy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mitochondrial Degradation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Nitrites ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sodium Nitrite ; pharmacology

Combining the structural features of picotamide and linotroban, a series of N,N'-bis-(halogenophenyl)-4-methoxybenzene-1, 3-disulfonamides were designed and synthesized on the basic principles of drug design. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and HR-MS, and the in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity was evaluated by Born turbidimetric method with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as the platelet aggregation inducers. The assay results showed that twelve compounds (4b, 4f, 4l, 5b, 5d-5g, 5j, 5k, 5m and 5n) were found to have superior anti-platelet aggregation activities than the positive drug picotamide. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been explored.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Drug Design ; Phthalic Acids ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfonamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

Adult ; Aircraft ; Angiotensinogen ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Hot Temperature ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; blood ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; etiology ; Time Factors

Nitrites play multiple characteristic functions in invasion and metastasis of hepatic cancer cells, but the exact mechanism is not yet known. Cancer cells can maintain the malignant characteristics via clearance of excess mitochondria by mitophagy. The purpose of this article was to determine the roles of nitrite, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia inducing factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 α) in mitophagy of hepatic cancer cells. After exposure of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells to a serial concentrations of sodium nitrite for 24 h under normal oxygen, the maximal cell vitality was increased by 16 mg x (-1) sodium nitrite. In addition, the potentials of migration and invasion for SMMC-7721 cells were increased significantly at the same time. Furthermore, sodium nitrite exposure displayed an increase of stress fibers, lamellipodum and perinuclear mitochondrial distribution by cell staining with Actin-Tracker Green and Mito-Tracker Red, which was reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a reactive oxygen scavenger). DCFH-DA staining with fluorescent microscopy showed that the intracellular level of ROS concentration was increased by the sodium nitrite treatment. LC3 immunostaining and Western blot results showed that sodium nitrite enhanced cell autophagy flux. Under the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), more autolysosomes formed after sodium nitrite treatment and NAC could prevent autophagosome degradation. RT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of COX I and COXIV mRNA were decreased significantly after sodium nitrite treatment. Meanwhile, laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that sodium nitrite significantly reduced mitochondrial mass detected by Mito-Tracker Green staining. The expression levels of HIF-1α, Beclin-1 and Bnip3 (mitophagy marker molecular) increased remarkably after sodium nitrite treatment, which were reversed by NAC. Our results demonstrated that sodium nitrite (16 mg x L(-1)) increased the potentials of invasion and migration of hepatic cancer SMMC-7721 cells through induction of ROS and HIF-1α mediated mitophagy.