Stimuli-sensitive drug delivery system (SSDDS) is an novel drug delivery carrier.It is sensitive to either the internal physiopathologic changes (pH,temperature) of the body or external stimulus signal (ultrasound,magnetic signal) and controls the release of the drugs that it carries according to the variation of physicochemical property which stimulated by the signals.SSDDS can be prepared from hydrogels,liposomes and magnetic nanoparticles.In contrast to non-stimuli-responsive drug delivery system,SSDDS has remarkable advantages including feedback regulation,stronger controllability and targeting therapy.This paper will review the advancement in stimuli-responsive drug delivery system in recent years.

Objective The role of testis-sparing surgery in children with benign testicular tumors were emphasized by this retrospective survey. Methods Sixteen patients who undergo testis-sparing surgery between the years 1996 to 2003 were reviewed. Intraoperative frozen section histopathology had been done in all of patients. The period of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Results In our series, as well as in the literature there was no differenle between frozen section and definitive histology.Ten cases were teratomas, 4 cases were epidermoid cysts and 2 cases were mucus cysts.Follow-up of 6 months to 7 years has shown no recurrence,and on examination,testicular volume is normal in all cases.Conclusion Testis-sparing surgery is a positive method in the management of benign testicular tumors in children.It preserves testicular volume,which is important for both cosmetic and functional roles.

Objective To observe whether recent sexual intercourse might cause microscopic hematuria, and investigate the cause of hematuria. Methods Eighty healthy volunteers (40 men and 40 women) consented to have intercourse with their married couples and provide samples of urine for testing before intercourse and the first day morning, noon, evening and the second day morning after intercourse. After appropriate instruction, volunteers tested their own urine for the presence of blood using standard dipsticks. Any volunteer with hematuria after intercourse was offered a comprehensive hematuria assessment and followed-up for two years. Results None of the volunteers had positive hematuria before sexual intercourse. 9 of the 40 women, but no men, had positive hematuria at the first day morning after intercourse, and 3 of the nine patients with hematuria still had positive hematuria at the noon of the first day. Five women of 9 patients with hematuria accepted two years follow-up and no abnormal was identified. Conclusion It suggested that recent sexual intercourse was a cause of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in women, and a history of recent sexual intercourse should be considered when assessing the clinical significance of microscopic hematuria in women.

Background and purpose:Immunity function is one of the most profound factors in affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes counts in the peripheral blood and focal tumor tissue could indicate the overall survival time of these patients. On the other hand, adjuvant chemotherapy is also an important part in improving both the disease free survival and overall survival time of breast cancer patients. Selecting chemotherapy regime which is both able to kill all the tumor cells and reserve the immunity function to the greatest extent is of great importance in improving the survival rate of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two chemotherapy regimens CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and lfuorouracil) and EC followed by P (paclitaxel) on the peripheral blood lymphocytes in early stage breast cancer. Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics and peripheral blood lymphocyte parameters before and after chemotherapy of CEF or EC-P regimen were retrospectively analyzed in post-operate patients with early stage breast cancer during the period from Nov. 2012 to May 2013. The lymphocyte parameters included: total blood lymphocytes count, percentages of T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, active T lymphocytes and nature killer (NK) cells. Results: Patients undertook EC-P regimen were those at comparably high risk (signiifcant differences of clinical stage, tumor size, axillary lymph node status, estrogen/progestogen receptor and histological subtype were observed). There was no difference of lymphocyte parameters between these two groups before adjuvant chemotherapy. However, during the process of chemotherapy, peripheral blood lymphocytes counts decreased signiifcantly after 4 and 5 cycles of chemotherapy of CEF regime (1 077±359/μL;1 181±271/μL) compared with the level before chemotherapy (1 607±322/μL, P<0.05). On the contrary, there was no signiifcant difference of peripheral blood lymphocytes count before (1 746±576/μL) and after 4 and 5 cycles of chemotherapy (1 500±312/μL;1 623±468/μL) in EC-P group (P>0.05). Percentage of active T lymphocyte increased signiifcantly along with the chemotherapy in both groups (CEF group:11.8±7.1 vs 23±9.3, P<0.05;EC-P group:11.8±5.8 vs 17.6±8.2, P<0.05) (pre-chemotherapy vs after 5 cycles of chemotherapy). In EC-P group, the percentage of helper T lymphocyte (37.8±5.7) decreased significantly compared with the levels before chemotherapy (41.3±4.3) and before paclitaxel was undertaken (41.9±5.6, P<0.05) and the percentage of NK cells (21.5±5.2) increased significantly compared with the levels before chemotherapy (15.3±7.6) and before paclitaxel was undertaken (14.9±5.9, P<0.01) after one cycle of paclitaxel therapy. Conclusion:The effect of chemotherapy on peripheral blood lymphocyte is less profound in EC-P group compared to CEF group. Furthermore, paclitaxel can increase the NK cells without any effect to the levels of T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte. It is superior over other drug in conserving immune function in early stage breast cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy

Erythromelalgia ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Mercury Poisoning ; complications ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate spinemagnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to analyze the correlation between imaging and clinical manifestation.Methods The clinical data of patients with axial SpA were recorded.All patients underwent whole spine MRI scanning.The MRI findings of spinal involvement were explored.Moreover,the correlation between lesions in spinal MRI and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI),Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI),Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI),nocturnal pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score,back pain VAS score,global disease activity VAS score,Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity score (ASDAS),erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein was analyzed.Results Thirty-three patients with axial SpA were included in this study.The image abnormalities of the spine were confirmed in 29 axial SpA patients by MRI,including Romanus lesion,Andersson lesion,the inflammation of facet joints and syndesmophyte.In correlation study,BASMI was positively correlated to the numbers of acute Romanus lesions,chronic Romanus lesions,chronic Andersson lesions and whole spinal lesions(r =0.440,P＜0.05; r =0.483,P＜0.05; r=0.421,P＜0.05; r=0.589,P ＜ 0.05 respectively).There was a statistically significant correlation between chronic Andersson lesions and BASFI(r =0.392,P ＜0.05).But no significant associations were found between MRI lesions and other clinical findings.Conclusions MRI lesions in axial SpA were associated with findings reflecting the spinal function,which can better guide the clinical treatment.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Specialization

Objective To analyze the ability of rheumatologistto read the magnetic resonance imag of sacroiliac joint of spondyloarthritis patients.Methods The questionnaire survey were conducted among rheumatologists and the answers of the questionnaires were analyzed by quantitative analysis.Results 66.9％ (75/112) rheumatologist did not known how to choose the sequence of magnetic resonance imaging,and 55.4％(62/112) rheumatologist thought that bone marrow edema was very important for the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis,but only less than 10％ rheumatologists thought that erosion and fat infiltration could also h elp to make the diagnosis of spondy-loarthritis.Conclusion It is very important for rheumatologists to receive training on the reading of magnetic resonance images of sacroiliac joint of spondyloarthritis patients.

Aim To set up a novel animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion and to determine whether the tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in exudate can be taken as an indicator to judge the formation of the adhesion. Methods　Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Each animal in both groups was opened the abdominal cavity via midline laparotomy without any disinfectant measures. 2-cm section from the cecal end was clamped and ligated, 1-cm cecum of the section was cut, and another 1-cm end from the ligated site was kept. After the content in the end was extruded, the cecum was put back without using any antibacterial agent. Before the skin closure, an effective combination AMD (allantoin, metronidazole and dexamethasone in combination), was given (ip) according to 1.5 ml per 100 g body weight (60.6 mg·kg-1). The control group was injected (ip) the same volume of normal saline. After 6 h, the exudate was extracted from drainage-tube, with the rats varying posture, and after 1 kw, the rats were killed for examining the intra-abdominal adhesion. The values of PAA of exudate in both groups were analyzed by the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results　In the control group, all 20 rats formed the adhesions, the amount of exudate=(1.25±0.09) ml, the number of WBC(×103)=(23.1±6.6) mm3 and PAA=(0.9±0.4) IU·ml-1 in the exudate of abdominal cavity. In AMD group, however, there was not the adhesion formations (0/20), the amount of exuade was (0.52±0.04) ml (P<0.01), the number of WBC (×103) (10.6±4.2) mm3 (P<0.01), and PAA (23.1±6.6) IU·ml-1(P<0.01) in exuade.ROC analysis indicated that if PAA >1.24 IU·ml-1 in the exuade, the adhesion was difficult to form, and vice versa. Conclusion　This animal model can be taken as an effective tool to evaluate the human adhesion related to multi-links on the pathogenesis, and the PAA in exudate an indicator to judge intra-abdominal adhesion formation.