OBJECTIVE:To prepare Coenzyme Q10 long-circulating liposomes,establish the determination method of content and entrapment efficiency,and prepare it into lyophilized preparation to improve its stability. METHODS:Coenzyme Q10 long-cir-culating liposomes were prepared by film dispersion method. Particle size and Zeta potential of liposomes were determined,and HPLC assay was used to determine the content of coenzyme Q10. Free drugs and liposomes were separated using protamine aggre-gation method,and the encapsulation efficiency was calculated. Lyophilized preparation was prepared by coenzyme Q10 long-circu-lating liposomes,and the changes of content and encapsulation efficiency of drugs were determined 0,30 and 90 days after lyophi-lization. RESULTS:The liposomes were homogeneous in size with mean diameter of(166.0±5.3)nm and Zeta potential of(-22.2± 1.4)mV. Average content(the percentage of content accounted for labeled amount)and entrapment efficiency of 3 batches of sam-ple were 98.2%(RSD=2.8%) and 93.2%(RSD=4.6%),respectively. Compared with 0 d after lyophilization,coenzyme Q10 long-circulating liposomes had no obvious change in the content and encapsulation efficiency 90 d after lyophilization. CONCLU-SIONS:Coenzyme Q10 long-circulating liposomes with high quality and entrapment efficiency and lyophilized preparation being stored stably for 90 d have been prepared successfully.

Objective To explore kinetic and motion characteristics of the upper extremity joints and establish a more systematic and comprehensive evaluation system of tuina. Methods Two groups of participants (n=10 in the expert group; n =10 in the student group) were recruited to record and analyze their rolling manipulation on 3 link joints (upper arm, forearm, hand) and 3 joints (shoulder joint,elbow joint,wrist joint). A multi-rigid-body sports biomechanical model was established by using motion capture system. Real-time data throughout the process was collected; Work-station software was used to analyze the data. Results The established multi-rigid-body sport biomechanical model of 3 link joints and 3 joints with definite marker point could be used to describe rolling motion characteristics. In the extension phase of rolling manipulation, elbow extension degree and forearm rotation angle was 38.304 ± 1.776°and 58.706 ± 1.675°in the expert group;18.199 ± 1.675°and 42.556 ± 2.812°in the student group, respectively. The differences were both significantly different (P <0.05). The wrist flexion degree in the experts group was 79.516 ± 1.654°, and 78.451 ± 2.110° in the student group,which was not significantly different (P >0.05). Conclusion The established 3-link 3- joint multi-rigid-body sport biomechanical model of rolling manipulation can simulate the spatial motion relation of each joint in the study of tuina manipulation,clarify the movement displacement and determine the space angle,which is suitable for the study of tuina techniques.

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses (IFV), According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness, leading to about half a million deaths worldwide, along with severe economic losses and social burdens. Unfortunately, frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop anti-IFV drugs with high efficiency against wild-type and resistant strains, needed in the fight against current and future outbreaks caused by different IFV strains. In this review, we summarize general strategies used for the discovery and development of antiviral agents targeting multiple IFV strains (including those resistant to available drugs). Structure-based drug design, mechanism-based drug design, multivalent interaction-based drug design and drug repurposing are amongst the most relevant strategies that provide a framework for the development of antiviral drugs targeting IFV.