The clinical data of 32 patients with pyelogenic cyst were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis of 25 cases was confirmed by intravenous pyelography (IVP) , in which the ultrasonography and computed tomography ( CT) failed to provide accurate diagnosis. Eighteen cases were treated by surgical operations, among them 16 cases were cured, one case lost follow-up, and one case recurred in 6 months after surgery. The data indicate that the diagnosis of pyelogenic cyst mainly depends on IVP examination and the laparoscopic technique can be effectively applied for treatment of pyelogenic cyst.

The clinical data of 16 patients with rupture of corpus cavernosum penis were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were referred to the Department of Urology from January 2005 to November 2009.The causes of penile injury were trauma due to sexual intercourse ( 12 cases), trauma due to masturbatory (2 cases), traffic accidents ( 1 case) and others ( l case).All patients received immediate surgical treatment; 14 out of 16 patients were followed up for a mean period of 3 months.Sexual function was recovered with satisfactory erection in 11 patients, 3 patients complained pain or uncomfortab]eness during erection.Sexual trauma was the main cause of penile fracture.Immediate intervention for penile fracture can achieve satisfactory early and late results.

With the increase of people's health concept,more and more natural healthy food appear in people's sight.The addition of seaweed iodine in salt not only meets the needs of human body function,but also satisfies the modem people's pursuit of quality life.There are many methods for determination and extraction of iodine from seaweed and preparation of seaweed iodized salt.The authors reviewed the measurement of seaweed iodine and the preparation of seaweed iodized salt.This will help to understand and appreciate the seaweed iodine extraction and the preparation of seaweed iodized salts.

Iodine is an important raw material for thyroid hormone synthesis. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS), chloride iodine transporter (Pendrin), iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD), thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are important genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis, all of them are involved in iodine metabolism. The dysfunction of genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis is not only related to thyroid diseases, but also related to other diseases such as breast cancer. In this paper, the function of genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis, the relationship between genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis and diseases, and how to be regulated by iodine are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for the study of the relationship between iodine and diseases.

Iodine is one of the essential trace elements for human body. Its main physiological function is to synthesize thyroid hormones, which are involved in the development and metabolism of the body. Although China has achieved the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), people ignore the general iodine deficiency in the environment, and they are worried about excessive iodine intake and reduce the consumption of iodized salt. This may lead to a comeback of IDD, especially in high-risk groups such as pregnant women, breastfeeding women, adolescents and children. Russia is a geographically iodine-deficient country either. Russia was assessed by Iodine Global Network (IGN) as the third most severely iodine-deficiency country in 2019, and the actual average iodine consumption of Russian residents was less than 1/3 of the minimum standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Compared with Russia, China has basically eliminated IDD due to implementation of iodized salt and application of real-time and effective monitoring systems. Therefore, this paper compares the monitoring and prevention strategies of IDD between China and Russia, in order to learn from each other and improve the citizens' awareness of prevention and control of IDD in China and Russia, and to achieve correct, scientific and precise iodine supplementation.