Objective: To analyze the situation of new occupational diseases in Hengyang City from 2006 to 2017, and put forward prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of the new occupational disease report of Hengyang city in the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2017 was collected, and the age, working years, and the region and industry of the new occupational disease patients were analyzed. Results: From 2006 to 2017, there were 7 categories, 30 kinds and 2 110 cases of new occupational diseases in Hengyang City, including 1 117 cases of pneumoconiosis, 951 cases of chronic occupational poisoning, 15 cases of acute occupational poisoning, 12 cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases, 7 cases of occupational skin diseases, 6 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, and 1 case of occupational eye diseases(cataracts), 1 case of occupational tumor (lung cancer and skin cancer caused by arsenic and its compounds). New occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in Changning and Leiyang County-level city (87.82%, 1 853/2110), among which occupational poisoning had the most incidence in Changning County-level city (97.83%, 945/966), and pneumoconiosis had the most incidence in Leiyang County-level city (67.05%, 749/1 117). New occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in the manufacturing and mining industries (95.59%, 2 017/2 110). Pneumoconiosis (63.74%, 712/1 117) and acute occupational poisoning (60.00%, 9/15) were mainly caused by small businesses. Chronic occupational poisoning (61.62%, 586/951) and occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases (75.00%, 9/12) were mainly caused by large enterprises. Conclusion The new occupational diseases in Hengyang city are mostly pneumoconiosis and chronic occupational poisoning, and we should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the mining industry and manufacturing industry.