Biomedical Research ; Histones ; Humans ; Neoplasms

Objective To observe whether mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) which have been induced by 5-azacytidine(5-aza) can differentiate into cardiac like cells. To find out the role of TITIN playing during the development of cardiomycytes among structure proteins. Methods To establish a recombinant plasmid vector involving a shRNA which matching the base pair of rat TITIN N2B region mRNA perfectly,transfect it into normal neonatal cardiomyocytes and MSCs which have been induced by 5-aza respectively and investigate the expression of TITIN Z band,MHC,ACTIN as well as cTnT by immunofluorescence. Results The expression of TITIN was weakened after recombinant plasmid has been transfected into neonatal cardiomyocytes.The same thing happened upon MSCs that have been induced by 5-aza. The expression of cTnT was weakened after TITIN been silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA). But there was obvious change in MHC and ACTIN. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that MSCs can be induced into cardiomyocyte-like cells by 5-aza in vitro,although the degree of differentiation is still lower and can not form intact contractive structure. TITIN plays an important role in the development of structure proteins.

Objective To explore the prevalence of HIV,sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and associated factors among medium/low level female sex workers (FSWs) in an under-developed city in Guangdong province. Methods FSWs were reached by probability proportionate to size sampling through mapping. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate data on demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,condom use and drug use. 5 ml blood samples were collected to test for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),syphilis and HSV-2. Results The prevalence rates of HIV,syphilis and HSV-2 were 0.3%(2/575),4.9%(28/575) and 30.6%(176/575) respectively,and 32.2%(185/575) for STDs. Results from multivariate unconditional logistic regression model indicated that drug use (OR=3.91,95%CI:1.17-13.03) was the independent risk factor for STDs infection. Risks as ever accepted intervention program (OR=0.14,95%CI:0.04-0.52),with higher education level (OR=0.40,95%CI:0.19-0.83) and medium-fee charged FSWs(OR=0.27,95% CI:0.09-0.79) were protective factors for STDs. Conclusion Sources of STDs and related risk factors were comprehensive among medium/low FSWs,especially for the latter,whith all calling for multi-sector cooperation to explore the effective intervention program in this population.

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate (CH) -Ⅰ on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism.Methods:Eighty adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, CH-Ⅰ intervention group and cerebrolysin (CBL) positive control group. The model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by temporarily occluding the left middle cerebral artery with suture-occluded method. The CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups intraperitoneally injected with CH-Ⅰ and CBL at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after reperfusion at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The sham operation group and the model group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. At 24 h after reperfusion, the behavior changes of the rats were detected by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The volume of cerebral infarction was detected by TTC staining. The morphology and structure of neurons in ischemic cortex were observed by Nissl staining. The apoptosis of neurons in ischemic cortex was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression changes of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pMEK) 1/2, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ischemic cortex were detected by Western blot.Results:At 24 h after reperfusion, the mNSS score and cerebral infarct volume in the model group were significantly higher and larger than those in the sham group (all P<0.001). The mNSS scores and cerebral infarct volumes in the CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the model group (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Nissl and TUNEL staining showed that the degenerative cell index and apoptotic cell index in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01), but there were no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group, the pMEK1/2, pERK1/2 and pCREB expressions in ischemic cortex were significantly enhanced and the BDNF expression was significantly attenuated in the model group ( P<0.05). Compared with the model group, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB expressions in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the BDNF expression was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclution:CH-Ⅰ can reduce cerebral infarct volume and improve neurological function, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the MEK-ERK-CREB pathway as well as the enhancement of BDNF expression.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of thyroid nodule in population of Yangzhou City and analyze the related influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for thyroid nodule.Methods:From January to August 2023, permanent residents (≥8 years old) of 36 towns/streets in 6 counties (cities and districts) of Yangzhou City were randomly selected as the survey subjects. A total of 2 033 subjects were included in the study for questionnaire survey, thyroid nodule was examined by B-ultrasound, and urinary iodine and salt iodine level were determined. SPSS 26.0 software was used for χ 2-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Among 2 033 survey subjects, 705 patients with thyroid nodule were detected, the detection rate was 34.68%. The detection rate of thyroid nodule in female (40.37%, 480/1 189) was significantly higher than that in male (26.66%, 225/844), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 40.97, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.07], age (40 - 59 and ≥60 years old: OR = 1.60, 3.17), hypertension ( OR = 1.62) and immediate family members with goiter/nodule ( OR = 2.77) were all positively correlated with the risk of thyroid nodule ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The detection rate of thyroid nodule in population of Yangzhou City is relatively high, and special attention should be paid to women, those with hypertension, the elderly, and immediate family members with goiter/nodule.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by eosinophilic transparent inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and internal organs. NIID clinical characteristics are varied, including cognitive impairment, muscle weakness, episodic symptoms, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. This article reports a patient with NIID who manifested with episodes of aphasia, dysgraphia and dyslexia without fever, headache, nausea and vomiting confirmed by genetic testing. The patient was a 62-year-old female with acute onset who was diagnosed with transient ischemic attack. This article aims to improve the knowledge of NIID with stroke-like onset by this case presentation and avoid misdiagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and associated factors among medium/low level female sex workers (FSWs) in an under-developed city in Guangdong province.

METHODSFSWs were reached by probability proportionate to size sampling through mapping. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate data on demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, condom use and drug use. 5 ml blood samples were collected to test for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), syphilis and HSV-2.

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 were 0.3% (2/575), 4.9% (28/575) and 30.6% (176/575) respectively, and 32.2% (185/575)for STDs. Results from multivariate unconditional logistic regression model indicated that drug use (OR = 3.91, 95% CI:1.17-13.03) was the independent risk factor for STDs infection. Risks as ever accepted intervention program (OR = 0.14, 95% CI:0.04-0.52), with higher education level (OR = 0.40, 95% CI:0.19-0.83)and medium-fee charged FSWs(OR = 0.27, 95% CI:0.09-0.79) were protective factors for STDs.

CONCLUSIONSources of STDs and related risk factors were comprehensive among medium/low FSWs, especially for the latter, with all calling for multi-sector cooperation to explore the effective intervention program in this population.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Workers ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective:To compare the value of coronary CT angiography, congenital heart disease CT, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD), to summarize the CT image features of SVASD, and to explore its significance in guiding the selection of surgical procedures.Methods:A total of 443 patients of SVASD diagnosed by surgical procedures from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent coronary CT angiography or congenital heart disease CT examination and TTE before surgery. Using surgical results as the gold standard, McNemar test was used to analyze the differences between CT and TTE in distinguishing SVASD and pulmonary venous drainage. The difference of pulmonary venosus drainage was analyzed between superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) and inferior sinus venosus ASD. The image features of SVASD were summarized and the corresponding surgical procedures were analyzed.Results:No significant difference was found between CT and TTE for the diagnostic accuracy of the SVASD (63.21%, 57.56%, P=0.065). There were 159 patients (35.89%) with PAPVC and 284 patients (64.11%) without PAPVC in the 443 SVASD patients. The diagnostic accuracy of CT and TTE in diagnosing pulmonary venous drainage was statistically significantly different (98.42%, 73.81%, P<0.001). Among 145 patients with superior sinus venosus ASD, 101 (69.66%) were associated with PAPVC; in contrast, among 298 patients with inferior sinus venosus ASD, 58 (19.46%) had PAPVC. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ 2=106.79, P<0.001), indicating a higher prevalence of PAPVC in patients with superior sinus venosus ASD. The CT imaging features of SVASD can be categorized into four types. The first type was SVASD alone without PAPVC, comprising 284 patients (64.11%). Surgical intervention for this type typically involved direct suturing or closure using a patch. The second type was SVASD with concomitant PAPVC, encompassing 151 patients (34.09%). This type included superior sinus venosus ASD with anomalous pulmonary venous low connection and inferior sinus venosus ASD with PAPVC. During the repair of the defect, it was necessary to redirect the anomalous pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The third type was superior sinus venosus ASD in 7 patients (1.58%). The position of pulmonary vein draining into superior vena cava was too high to be directly corrected to the left atrium, requiring Warden′s technique. The fourth type was rare (1 patient, 0.22%). The anomalous pulmonary vein drained into the coronary sinus. The surgery included incision of the roof of the coronary sinus to redirect pulmonary vein flow to the left atrium, reconstruction of the roof of the sinus to drain coronary vein back to the right atrium, and repair of the ASD. Conclusions:Both CT and TTE can diagnose the type of SVASD, and CT is more accurate than TTE in the diagnosis of PAPVC. CT image features of SVASD can provide valuable information for surgical procedures and guide the selection of surgical procedures.

Oral immunosuppression caused by smoking creates a microenvironment to promote the occurrence and development of oral mucosa precancerous lesions. This study aimed to investigate the role of metabolism and macrophage polarization in cigarette-promoting oral leukoplakia. The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on macrophage polarization and metabolism were studied in vivo and in vitro. The polarity of macrophages was detected by flow cytometric analysis and qPCR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to perform a metabolomic analysis of Raw cells stimulated with CSE. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the polarity of macrophages in the condition of glutamine abundance and deficiency. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing assay, and Annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)/PI (propidium iodide) double-staining flow cytometry were applied to detect the growth and transferability and apoptosis of Leuk-1 cells in the supernatant of Raw cells which were stimulated with CSE, glutamine abundance and deficiency. Hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of the epithelium were evident in smoking mice. M2 macrophages increased under CSE stimulation in vivo and in vitro. In total, 162 types of metabolites were detected in the CSE group. The metabolites of nicotine, glutamate, arachidic acid, and arginine changed significantly. The significant enrichment pathways were also selected, including nicotine addiction, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. The results also showed that the supernatant of Raw cells stimulated by CSE could induce excessive proliferation of Leuk-1 and inhibit apoptosis. Glutamine abundance can facilitate this process. Cigarette smoke promotes oral leukoplakia via regulating glutamine metabolism and macrophage M2 polarization.
Animals ; Glutamine ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Smoking ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective    To summarize the reoperation experience for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) with severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) by standardized mitral repair-oriented strategy. Methods    From 2016 to 2019, 11 CAVSD patients underwent reoperation for severe LAVVR by standardized mitral repair-oriented strategy at Fuwai Hospital, including 5 males and 6 females with a median age of 56 (22-152) months. The pathological characteristics of severe LAVVR, key points of repair technique and mid-term follow-up results were analyzed. Results    The interval time between the initial surgery and this surgery was 48 (8-149) months. The aortic cross-clamp time was 54.6±21.5 min and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 107.4±38.1 min, ventilator assistance time was 16.4±16.3 h. All patients recovered smoothly with no early or late death. The patients were followed up for 29.0±12.8 months, and the echocardiograph showed trivial to little mitral regurgitation in 5 patients, little regurgitation in 5 patients and moderate regurgitation in 1 patient. The classification (NYHA) of cardiac function was class Ⅰ in all patients. Conclusion    Standardized mitral repair-oriented strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of severe LAVVR after CAVSD surgery, and the mid-term results are satisfied.