Objective To investigate the effect of caspases-3 on doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.Methods The PC12 cells seeded in culture plates were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:normal control group (group C);doxepin group (group D);caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK group (group Z);doxepin + Z-DEVD-FMK group (group DZ).In group C,the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group D,doxepin was added with the final concentration of 120 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group Z,Z-DEVD-FMK was added with the final concentration of 10 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group DZ,doxepin and Z-DEVD-FMK with the final concentrations of 120 and 10 μmol/L,respectively,were added,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.After 24 h of incubation,the cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope,and the neuronal apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and apoptosis rate was increased in D and DZ groups (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Z (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group D,the cell viability was significantly increased,and apoptosis rate was decreased in group DZ (P＜ 0.01).The morphological changes were significantly mitigated in group DZ as compared with group D.Conclusion Caspases-3 may mediate doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.

Objective To investigate the effects of supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) and endotracheal intubation on the elderly hypertensive patients treated with knee arthroplasty. Methods Forty cases of elderly hypertensive patients ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ treated with knee arthroplasty in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into laryngeal mask airway group (group LMA)and endotracheal intubation (group TT),20 cases for each group.The same protocol for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia was used.After the patients entering,the changes of SpO2 and ECG were performed continuous noninvasive monitoring and SBP,DBP and HR were performed con-tinuous invasive monitoring.SBP,DBP and HR of two groups were recorded at different time points:before anesthesia induction (T0 ,based value),at intubation immediate (T1 ),5 mins after intubation (T2 )and 1 5 mins after intubation (T3 ).At the same time,the content of cortisol (Cor),atrial natri-uretic peptide (ANP)and the concentration of epinephrine (E)and norepinephrine (NE)were meas-ured at the corresponding time points above.Results Compared with T0 ,SBP and DBP at T1-T3 in group LMA were decreased(P <0.05 or P <0.01);SBP and DBP at T1 in group TT were increased while decreased at T2 ,T3 ,HR at T1 were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Compared with group LMA,SBP and DBP at T1-T3 and HR at T1 ,T2 in group TT were increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared with T0 and group LMA,the content of E,NE and Cor at T1-T3 increased(P <0.05 or P <0.01).The level of ANP in both groups at T1-T3 were higher than those at T0 ,and group TT were higher than group LMA(P <0.01).Conclusion Compared to endotracheal intubation,SLAM can ef-fectively reduce the stress reaction of elderly hypertensive patients treated with general anesthesia in knee arthroplasty.

Objective:To investigate the effects of blood pressure management on the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction after intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Methods:The clinical data of 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy in The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District, Hangzhou, China between September 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. These 60 patients were divided into groups A and B according to different treatment methods ( n = 30/group). Patients in the group A received intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and those in the group B received intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in combination with antihypertensive treatment. All patients were treated for 2 courses of treatment (14 days) and followed up for 3 months. Blood pressure, cerebral blood flow and prognosis were compared between groups A and B. Results:After 24 hours of treatment, there were no significant differences in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow between groups A and B (both P < 0.05). In the group B, modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2 points was found in 1 (3.3%) patient and intracranial hemorrhage in 0 (0.0%) patient, which were significantly lower than 12 (40.0%) and 6 (20.0%) patients, respectively in the group A ( χ2 = 29.897, 19.573, both P < 0.05). Total effective rate in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A [96.7% (29/30) vs. 86.67% (26/30), χ2 = 21.302, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Blood pressure management highly affects the prognosis of cerebral infarction after intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The first 24 hours of intravenous thrombolytic therapy is the optimal time for blood pressure management.

Objective To evaluate the effect of doxepin on the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Sixty clean-grade male Wistar rats in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted,weighing 200-250 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) by a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),NP group and doxepin group (D group).NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve.Doxepin 20 mmol/L (10 μl) was intrathecally injected at 3,7,14 and 21 days after CCI (T1-4) in group D.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI (T0) and at T1-4.The rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at T4,and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of p38MAPK protein by Western blot.Results Compared with S group,MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T2-4,and the expression of p38MAPK protein was up-regulated in NP and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with NP group,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T2-4,and the expression of p38MAPK protein was down-regulated in D group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which doxepin mitigates NP is related to down-regulating p38MAPK expression in the spinal cord of rats.