Objective To investigate the protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its influence on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in rats. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, myocardial I/R model group and electroacupuncture pretreatment group by random number table (each n = 20). Myocardial I/R injury model was reproduced by ligating the left ventricular branch coronary artery at about 0.5 cm below the atrial appendage lower margin for 10 minutes to occlude the blood flow, then the ligature was relaxed for 1 hour reperfusion; in electroacupuncture pretreatment group, 7 days before I/R, the electroacupuncture at Neiguan acupoint was applied once daily for 20 minutes till the 7th day when I/R was established. Under light microscope, the pathological changes of myocardial specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine (HE) method were observed. The myocardial histopathological integral was detected by semi quantitative integral method, and the changes of histological scores in three groups were investigated. The levels of plasma HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were detected by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of HMGB1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-αmRNA and protein in myocardium were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PT-PCR) and Western Blot. Results Under light microscope, the myocardial tissue in myocardial I/R model group showed partial fracture of myocardial fibers, large patches of myocardial cell necrosis, hazy boundary, cellular condensation, rupture and dissolution or even disappearance, interstitial edema with a lot of inflammatory cell infiltration; the above myocardial tissue injury in electroacupuncture pretreatment group was significantly milder than that in myocardial I/R model group. Compared with sham operation group, in myocardial I/R model group the HMGB1, TNF-α, cTnT contents and histological score were significantly increased [HMGB1 (μg/L):9.64±1.16 vs. 2.15±0.31, TNF-α(μg/L):91±22 vs. 19±5, cTnT (μg/L):1.50±0.35 vs. 0.07±0.03, histological score:2.5±0.3 vs. 0.0±0.0, all P<0.01], HMGB1, MCP-1, TNF-α mRNA and protein expressions were increased obviously (HMGB1 mRNA: 1.42±0.16 vs. 0.02±0.00, MCP-1 mRNA:0.46±0.06 vs. 0.01±0.00, TNF-αmRNA:0.75±0.04 vs. 0.03±0.00;HMGB1 protein:1.08±0.01 vs. 0.20±0.01, MCP-1 protein:0.92±0.03 vs. 0.40±0.01, TNF-αprotein:1.10±0.02 vs. 0.35±0.01, P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with myocardial I/R model group, in electroacupuncture pretreatment group, HMGB1 (6.58±0.73), TNF-α (63±19), cTnT (1.15±0.31) levels were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01), HMGB1, MCP-1, TNF-αmRNA and protein expressions were markedly reduced (mRNA expression was 0.74±0.12, 0.18±0.02, 0.10±0.03, and protein expression was 0.40±0.01, 0.36±0.02, 0.50±0.02, respectively all P<0.05), and histological score (1.2±1.0) was remarkably lowered (P < 0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture pretreatment may reduce the myocardial I/R injury in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the amelioration of inflammatory response mediated by HMGB1 at late stage.

Objective To probe into the change regulation before and after treatment every snake bite patients for the routine blood test and serum hs‐CRP .Methods The study objects were selected in the hospitalized patients for clear diagnosis belong to what kind of snakes in the past two years .The indexes of routine blood test and serum hs‐CRP were determined before and after treatment various periods in these patients .The test results were made to statistical analysis according to kind of snakes ,periods and disease condition .Results WBC was obvious .rise before treatment only the viper snake bite patients .WBC was all significant .rise after treatment first day and second day for 5 kinds snake bite patients (P<0 .01) .This index had all reduced trend after treatment fourth day but determined value was still high in contrast to the normal reference scope .RBC and HGB all were normal level and had not obvious change before and after treatment for 5 kinds snake bite patients .PLT was reduced before treatment for the trime‐resurus gramineus bite patients ,before and after treatment for the viper snake bite patients (P<0 .05) .The hs‐CRP content was higher before treatment for the viper snake bite patients and was highest after treatment for the cobra snake bite patients ,the inter‐comparison had significant difference (P<0 .05) .Conclusion 5 kinds snake bite patients before and after treatment not basely ane‐mia symptom .But most of the patients appear the inflammatory response .PLT decrease is more serious for the trimeresurus grami‐neus bite patients ,and for the viper snake bite patients especially .

Objective To analyze the abnormal detectable rates of different kinds of blood test indexes before and after treatment in the patients with snake bite and to probe into the change condition of these indexes after different snake bite .Methods The inpa‐tients with clearly diagnosed what kind of snake bite in the past two years were selected as the research subjects .The multiple blood test indexes were determined before and after treatment in these patients .The abnormal detectable rates of these indexes were ana‐lyzed and compared among various snake bite patients .Results The different kinds of snake bite all could cause the different de‐grees of changes in some detection indexes among partial patients .Specially ,the detectable rates of WBC ,PT ,APTT ,TT ,D‐D ,CK , CK‐MB ,LDH ,Urea ,Cr and Cys‐C increase and PLT and Fbg decrease caused by viper bite were apparently higher than those caused by other kinds of snake bites (P<0 .05) .The detectable rates of CO2 increase and K+ decrease in the coral snake bite were apparently higher than those in trimeresurus gramineus ,cobra and viper bite (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Because the snake species and toxicities are different in the various snake bites ,so the caused changes and the abnormal detectable rates of blood test indexes also are different .

Objective To investigate the serum levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and sclerostin (SOST) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor and its relation to clinical efficacy.Methods A randomized double-blind controlled trial with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) was carried out in our hospital.The data from patients in a single center was collected and analyzed.Serum DKK1 and SOST levels were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)method before and after 12 weeks treatment,then correlation analysis were conducted for DKK1 and SOST levels with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C reactive protein (CRP),Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI) and SPARCC of the sacroiliac joint inflammation score.Chi-square tests were used for analyzing of categorical data.Fisher exact tests were performed when the expected frequencies were less than 5.Two independent samples t-test was used to compare the difference between groups.Single sample t-test was used to ompare the differences between data before and after treatment.Pearson or Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,a total of 116 patients completed the follow-up,including 57 cases of imrecoxib group and 59 cases of the celecoxib group.There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The level of serum DKK1 was significantly increased after treatment [(393±137) pg/ml,vs (542±274)pg/ml,P＜0.05].The serum level of SOST increased significantly [(39±19) pg/ml vs (57±36) pg/ml,t=5.814,P＞0.05],too.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum DKK1 was positively correlated with serum SOST (r=0.226,P=0.015).A significantcorrelation was found between SOST level and ESR,CRP,finger to floor distance,left and fight lumbar side flexion and Schober's test (ESR:r=-0.379,P＜0.01;r=-0.309,P=0.001;r=-0.225,P=0.015;r=0.185,P=0.047;r=0.247,P=0.008;r=0.214,P=0.021).Conclusion Imrecoxib and celecoxib have similar efficacy on relieving the signs and symptoms of patients with ax-SpA.Short-term application of selective COX-2 inhibitors can increase DKK1 and SOST and possibly delay radiographic progression.