Objective To evaluate the efficiency and clinical value of modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Holmium laser litho-tripsy on the treatment for upper ureteral calculi of solitary kiden. Methods There were 26 cases of upper ureteral calculi of solitary kidney, including 12 cases of left ureter calculi and 14 cases of right ureter calculi. The diameter of the calculi ranged from 0. 6~2. 2 cm, averagely (1. 38 ± 0. 22) cm. F6 double-J tubes were indwelled postoperatively for 4 weeks, and catheters were indwelled postoperatively for one week. Examine with KUB one day after operation to evaluate the effective rate. Results The Ureteral guiding sheath were successfully implanted in 23 cases, 2 cases underwent second lithotripsy after indwelling D-J tubes 2 weeks later, D-J tubes failed to be implanted only in one case, which has changed to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for ureter stricture. The stone free rates was 88. 5%(23/26)after the first ses-sion,and it was 100%(26/26)at the end of the session. The operation time was 15~45 min, meanly (27 ± 3. 2) min. One patient had ureter perforation during the operation, and one patient had severe infection after operation. Conclusion The modular flexible ureteroscopy com-bined with Holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe treatment, especially for upper ureteral calculi of solitary kideny, and it should be considered as the first choice for solitary kidney calculi.

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for determination of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in workplace air. Methods: The air samples were collected using activated carbon tubes, desorbed by carbon disulfide, separated by dimethylpolysiloxane capillary columns, and detected by a flame ionization detector. Results: The linear range of DMC was 2.14 to 1.07×10⁴ mg/L, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. The detection limit was 0.14 mg/L, the lower limit of quantification was 0.47 mg/L, the minimum detection concentration was 0.10 mg/m³, and the minimum quantification concentration was 0.32 mg/m³ (based on 1.5 L workplace air). The average desorption efficiency of the method was 96.2% to 102.0%. Both the within-run and between-run relative standard deviations were 0.9% to 2.3%. The samples could be stored for at least seven days at four celsius degree. Conclusion: This method shows high desorption efficiency, high sensitivity, good precision and is simple in using. It can be used for the determination of DMC in workplace air.

Objective To discuss primary experience the clinical use of "All-seeing needle set" combined with Holmium laser to treat the single renal stone lesser than 2 cm in diameter through a super minimal tract (F12).Methods From January 2015 to December 2016,43 patients were enrolled into this retrospective study.There were 23 males and 20 females who were diagnosed as single renal stone less than 2 cm in diameter(age range from 23-65 years).There were 8 upper pole renal stones,13 lower pole renal stones and 22 renal pelvis stones.The mean stone size was (1.63 ± 0.32) cm in diameter (range from 1.2 cm to 2.0 cm)."All-seeing needle system" was applied during percutaneous puncture.After building a F12 minimal tract by fascia dilator,all patients received lithotripsy with Holmium laser.Indwelling catheters for 3 days and an F6 double-J tube was left for 2 weeks without a tube in the percutaneous tract after operation.Finally,KUB and/or urinary CT were used to check the results on day 1.Result All operations were completed successfully.The operation time was 23-65min [averaged (31.0 ±9.2) min].41 cases' renal stones were store free,and the 2 stone residues was clear with later extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.No severe complications occurred.Conclusion As an alternative to standard procedures for treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm in diameter,adopting "All-seeing needle set" with Holmium laser through a super minimal tract (F12) is safe,minimally invasive,fast and effective with a low complication rate.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of chlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene in workplace air by portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). METHODS: The portable GC-MS heat tracing sampling probe was used for sampling. Samples were separated with LTM DB-5 MS rapid chromatographic column. The qualitative analysis was based on retention times and characteristic ions, and the quantification was based on standard curves. RESULTS: The linear correlation coefficient of this method was higher than 0.999 6. The minimum detectable concentrations were 0.03, 0.03 and 0.06 mg/m~3, and the minimum quantification concentrations were 0.10, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/m~3. The recovery rates were 84.68%-92.61%, 86.27%-93.92% and 82.31%-92.36% respectively for three chlorobenzenes compounds. The within-run relative standard deviations(RSD) were 8.51%-9.34%, 7.93%-9.19%, 5.47%-7.48% respectively for three chlorobenzenes compounds, the between-run RSD were 7.29%-9.73%, 8.08%-10.04% and 5.19%-5.98% respectively for three chlorobenzenes compounds. CONCLUSION: The portable GC-MS could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of three chlorobenzenes compounds in workplace air.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.

【Objective】 To understand the current situation of blood components distribution in domestic prefecture-level blood stations through analyzing the components distribution data of 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China. 【Methods】 The data of components distribution of 24 blood stations from 2017 to 2020 as well as the data of blood deployment of 24 blood stations from 2019 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, positive annual growth in red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate was observed in 22, 19 and 15 out of the 24 blood stations, and the annual growth median rate of above three components was 5.24%, 3.80% and 3.25%, respectively. Among the 24 prefecture-level blood stations, 23 carried out the preparation of cryoprecipitate. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of red blood cells, cryoprecipitate and plasma in prefecture-level blood stations is increasing year by year. However, there is a overstock of plasma, and most blood stations need blood employment.

【Objective】 To evaluate and analyze the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on inventory of red blood cells (RBCs)in local and municipal blood stations in China, and to provide reference for the management of public health emergencies. 【Methods】 Relevant data from 2018 to 2021 were collected, and the differences in the volume of qualified RBCs, the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs, the average daily distribution of RBCs,the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood, the difference in the average storage days of RBCs at the time of distribution, the average daily inventory of RBCs and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution in 24 local and municipal blood stations in China during the COVID-19 epidemic and non-epidemic periods were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with non-epidemic periods, the volume of qualified RBCs [(117 525.979 ±52 203.175)U] and the average daily distribution of RBCs [( 156. 468 ± 70. 186) U ] increased significantly, but the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs decreased(97.24%±0.51%) significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood(73.88%±20.30%), the average storage days of RBCs distribution(13.040 ±3.486), the average daily stock quantity of RBCs[(2 280.542 ±1 446.538) U ] and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution[(15.062 ±7.453) d] (P>0.5). 【Conclusion】 During the COVID-19 epidemic, the inventory management of RBCs operated well, the overall inventory remained relatively stable, the stock composition and storage period showed no significant change.