Neurodegenerative diseases are complex nervous system disorders as a result of myelin damage,synapses loss and/ or neuron loss. The pathogenesis of these diseases is still not completely clear. Protein kinases play an important role in both normal nerve cells and neurodegenerative disorders. lnhibitors of protein kinases can effectively regulate the physiological function of nerve cells and prevent the development and progression of the disease. This article reviews protein kinases and their inhibitors involved in Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,Huntington disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

This study discussed problems in consistency assessment of generic drugs and analyzed effect of polymorphs on drug quality and its influence on consistency of curative efficiency.Relationship between evaluation method of polymorphs and curative efficiency was investigated.It showed that establishment of curative efficiency related evaluation indicators was necessary and improvment of techniques was important.Drug quality criteria should be added with requirement of curative efficiency control.Related information based on polymorphs could be provided for technical research in consistency assessment.

Mangiferin also called Chinonin or mango, is mainly extracted from the Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae plants. As polyphenol compounds, Mangiferin shows a strong antioxidant activity and a variety of pharmacological effects. In recent years, laboratory study has identified a variety of pharmacological effects associated with Mangiferin including preventing diabetes and its complications, regulating lipid metabolism abnormalities, antitumor, cardiovascular protection,anti hyperuricemia, neuro-protection, anti oxidation, anti-inflammation, antipyresis and analgesia, anti-bacteria and antivirus, antiradiation, liver pro-tection, promoting skeletal growth, anti allergy and immune reg-ulation,etc. In this paper, the research progress of pharmacolog-ical effects of Mangiferin is reviewed, analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for further research and develop-ment.

In present study, standard method and standard operation practice for measuring the activities of influenza neuraminidase and its inhibitors have been established. The accuracy and stability of the method has been evaluated. Standard operation is as following: 10 microL sample, 30 microL neuraminidase and 60 microL substrate are added to one well of a 96-well plate, and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The reaction was stopped with NaOH before fluorescence intensity determination. One unit of neuraminidase is defined as the amount of enzyme that produces 1 nmol 4-MU in 1 h under above conditions. The inhibition accuracy is indicated by an uncertainty measurement of 6.51 x 10(-12), and its stability was reaffirmed by determination of oseltamivir acid. In this study, systematic assessment of neuraminidase inhibitory assay not only provided theoretical basis of its application in drug discovery, but also made preliminary attempt to use uncertainty measurement as a parameter in biological measurement.

Follow-up is the key link for the continued rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge. It is conducive to the dynamic assessment of the disease and the recovery of dysfunction, to improving the medication compliance of patients, and to reducing the risk of complications and stroke recurrence. With the development of society, the contents and forms of follow-up for stroke patients are becoming more and more abundant; however, the problems such as incomprehensive and not unified contents, a lack of standardization, and high rate of lost still exist. This paper reviews the necessity of follow-up and its application in the rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge, so as to provide the reference for perfecting the management of follow-up in community rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Objective To develop the ribavirin purity certified reference material( CRM ) which has measurement traceability and high accuracy,and establish an effective method of evaluation. Methods The homogeneity and the stability were checked by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and DSC methods were used for purity determination of ribavirin. Results Ribavirin showed satisfactory homogeneity and stability. The certified value of ribavirin was 99. 5%with an uncertainty of 0. 4%(k=2,P=0. 95). Conclusion Ribavirin purity CRM obtained in this paper has been proven to be a national primary CRM with high accuracy and traceability,which can be used to validate analytical methods,improve the accuracy of measurement data,establish meteorological traceability of analytical results as well as control the quality of ribavirin in the pharmaceutical industry.

To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics difference of levofloxacin polymorphs in rats, evaluate the advantageous medical polymorph,and explore the effects of different polymorphs on clinical medicine. Methods Four crystal forms of levofloxacin were administered intragastrically to rats,and high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC)was used to measure the contents of levofloxacin in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared Results After a single oral dose,the peak plasma concentration(Cmax)of crystal forms ofⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣof levofloxacin was 6. 984,9. 692,9. 405,6.424 mg·L-1;the time to peak(tmax)was 0.6,0.9,1.0,1.0 h;the half-life(t1/2)was 4.207,2.97,4.857,1.695 h;theareaunderthecurve(AUC0→12h)was31.478,42.385,32.406,31.636mg·h·L-1. Conclusion Thereisnostatistically significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters. However,compared with other crystal forms,plasma concentration of crystal form II is higher and maintained longer. Therefore,crystal form II of levofloxacin is an advantageous polymorph for medicine.

To study the effects of the active components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.