A great progress has been achieved in research on repair of nerve functional recovery following spinal cord injury because of the development of nerve tissue engineering.As an important part of nerve tissue engineering,cell scaffold is divided into natural biomaterials,synthetic materials and composite materials.Besides,nanotechnology has been applied to study scaffolds.However,there are many problems in the application of cell scaffold and further study is needed.With the continued development of biotechnique and cross-correlated technique,the cell transplantation scaffold will make more effect on repair of spinal cord injury.

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive action of Niuhuang Qianjin San (NQS). Methods: The anti-inflammatory action of NQS was studied by the methods of rat paw swelling and mouse ear swelling and the analgesic action by mouse body torsion method and K + subcutaneous penetration method in rats.Immunosuppressive effect was evaluated by peripheral T lymphocyte percentage, splenic lymphocyte transformation ratio, phagocytic function of intraperitoneal magocytes, the activity of delayed hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and the function of antibody-yielding cells in mice. Results: NQS could obviously alleviate inflammation, increase codeine's analgesic action and suppress immunity. The difference were significant (P

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive action of Niuhuang Qianjin San (NQS). M ethods: The anti-inflammatory action of NQS was studied by the methods of rat pa w swelling and mouse ear swelling and the analgesic action by mouse body torsion method and K+ subcutaneous penetration method in rats.Immunosuppressive effec t was evaluated by peripheral T lymphocyte percentage, splenic lymphocyte transfor mation ratio, phagocytic function of intraperitoneal magocytes, the activity of delayed hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and the function of antibody-yie lding cells in mice. Results: NQS could obviously alleviate inflammation, increa se codeine's analgesic action and suppress immunity. The difference were signif icant (P<0.01) as compared with normal saline contr ol group.Conclusion:NQS exerts certain anti-inflammatory,analagisic and immunosu ppressive action.

Mutations in presenilins caused most of the autosomal dominant familial forms of Alzheimers disease by altering ? secretase activity. The ? secretase is a large multiprotein complex including presenilin heterodimers,nicastrin,PEN 2 and additional unidentified components.? secretase cleaves beta amyloid precursor protein,Notch,E cadherin,ErbB 4 receptor tyrosine kinase and other membrane proteins.The development of various ? secretase inhibitors not only provides a tool for investigating the structure, function and mechanism of ? secretase,but also presents a therapeutic strategy to slow progression of Alzheimers disease pathology. Threre are various classes of ? secretase inhibitors: compounds containing a difluoro ketone or a difluoro alcohol group, (hydroxyethy) urea peptidomimetics,compounds possessing a hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere, short helical peptides, non peptidic inhibitors derived from 4 chloro isocoumarin synthon, compounds containing alanyl moiety.Among these species of ? secretase inhibitors,those which selectively affect Abeta production are especially the most promising drugs to treat Alzheimers disease.

Follow-up is the key link for the continued rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge. It is conducive to the dynamic assessment of the disease and the recovery of dysfunction, to improving the medication compliance of patients, and to reducing the risk of complications and stroke recurrence. With the development of society, the contents and forms of follow-up for stroke patients are becoming more and more abundant; however, the problems such as incomprehensive and not unified contents, a lack of standardization, and high rate of lost still exist. This paper reviews the necessity of follow-up and its application in the rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge, so as to provide the reference for perfecting the management of follow-up in community rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Objective To study the characteristics of craniocerebral injury caused by the handgun bullet impacting on the bulletproof helmet.Methods Fourteen healthy landrace pigs were involved and randomly divided into injury group(n =9)and control group(n =5).The landrace pigs of the injury group were shot vertically on the head under the protection of helmet plate with 9 mm handgun bullet at velocity of 360 m/s.While the landrace pigs of the control group were dealt with the same process as the injury group except for use of unarmed handgun bullet of the same ammunition dose.The changes of vital sign in the early period and the retina injury at two hours after injury were observed.Porcine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)at pre-injury and at three hours post-injury were obtained for investigating the levels of neuron specific enolase(NSE)andαⅡ-spectrin protein.Then,the landrace pigs were sacrificed and dissected to examine the general morphological changes of the brain.The brain cortex was taken,fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic observation.Results The landrace pigs in the injury group manifested decrease of the blood pressure and increase of the heart rate and respiratory rate in the early stage after injury.General morphological observation found retinal hemorrhage(3/9),skull fracture(3/9)and brain surface damage including local impact lesion(9/9)and contrecoup lesion(9/9),with severe impact lesion than contrecoup lesion.Optical microscopic observation revealed acute injury of the cerebral cortex neuron both on the impact and contrecoup locations.The concentrations of NSE and αⅡ-spectrinwere significantly increased in CSF three hours after injury(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The handgun bullet impacts on the pig head protected by the bulletproof helmet may induce blunt craniocerebral injury in the early period,with severe impact lesion than contrecoup lesion.Therefore,traumatic brain injury of the soldiers armed with the helmets should be stressed and managed early.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of continuous veno-venuous hemodialysis/filtration(CVVHD/F) for the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)caused by severe infection and to explore the mechanism in children.Method Nineteen cases of pediatric septic shock with MODS were treated with CVVHD/F in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from December 2002 to November 2007.The clinical data were studied including mortality rate,serum electrolytes,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2),artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PCO2),FiO2/PO2,urine output,blood pressure,doses of vasoactive agents,Cr,BUN,etc.Results Cannulation and CVVHD/F were well performed in a total of 19 cases,with median age 33.4±36.5 months(from 3 months to 8 years) ,with their gender ratio of male(13 cases)to female (6 cases) to be 68.4% and 31.6%.The mean pediatric crifcal illness score(PCIS) was 69.1±10.4 and Median Pediatric Risk of Mortality score(PRMS Ⅲ)12.66±7.85,respectively.The duration of CWHD/F was 92 hours(ranged from 16 hours to480 hours).FiO2/PO2,PCO2,and PO2 were iraproved significantly after 12 to 24 hours CVVHD/F in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) or lung edema (P<0.05).The concentrations of serum kalium,natrinm and HCO3- level resumed to well-balanced in 24 hours (P<0.05).The serum Cr and BUN were decreased to normal range(P<0.05).The mortality rate was 63.2%.Conclusions CVVHD/F was effective for treatment of septic shock with MODS in pediatric by improving oxygenation,maintaining normal serum electrolytes,conecting metabolic acidosis,increasing the tissue perfusion and eliminating the serum Cr and BUN.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of purified effective component group in extract from Xiaoshuan Tongluo(CGXT)formula on chronic brain ischemia in rats.Methods CGXT 75,150,and 300 mg/kg or vehicle were ig administered daily for four weeks to rats with bilateral common carotid arteries ligation(BCCAL).From the day 24 to 28 after BCCAL,Morris water maze was performed to assess the learning and memory impairment of rats.Four weeks after BCCAL,brain gray and white matter damage were assessed.Results In Morris test,the mean escape latency of rats in the CGXT(150 and 300 mg/kg)groups was significantly shorter than that in the vehicle group.CGXT also attenuated the neuronal damage in hippocampus and cortex and reduced the pathological damage in the optic tract and corpus callosum.Conclusion CGXT could improve learning and memory impairment resulted from BCCAL in rats.These results provide the experimental basis for the clinical use of CGXT in stroke treatment and may help in investigation of multimodal therapy strategies in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases including stroke.

Hospital cases were collected from 18 hospitals regarding their clinic facility layout optimization when they implement the National Healthcare Improvement Initiative.These data were used to learn the implementation at such hospitals,and summarize problems and experiences of the Initiative,for reference of sustained improvements.

Aim To investigate the effect of Salvianol-ic acid A (Sal A)on mice with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infraction and its possible mecha-nisms.Methods The mice were subcutaneously in-jected with ISO (8 mg·kg-1 )to induce myocardial in-farction.The myocardial protective effect of Salvianolic acid A was evaluated from mortality rate,electrocardio-gram (ECG),heart function,myocardial infarction in-dex,serum myocardial enzymes and its action mecha-nisms were explored from inflammation,anti-oxidation and cells apoptosis.Results Salvianolic acid A dose-dependently enhanced the heart function of myocardial infarction mice,reduced the heart index,inhibited the myocardial enzyme leakage,showed obvious myocardi-al protection effects.ELISA results showed that Salvi-
anolic acid A could reduce the expression of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),TNF-α(tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α).West-ern-blotting confirmed that Salvianolic acid A could in-crease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, reduce the expression of apoptosis protein Bax,and raise the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt.Con-clusion Salvianolic acid A displays a significant pro-tective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and its mechanism may be related to the in-crease of PI3K/Akt signal pathway and the inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction.