Pharmacology is a bridge discipline between medicine and pharmacy,betmeen basic medicine and clinical medicine,between life sciences and chemistry as well as material science. Phar?macology is closely related to many subjects,and is an indispensable subject in medical sciences. It plays an important role in the development of medical sciences. The main tasks of pharmacology development involve rational drug use,new drug research and development,and promotion of medical sciences and life sciences. During the whole process of new drug development,the development of pharmacolo?gy has played a positive role. As such,new drug research and development depends on the develop?ment of pharmacology. Pharmacology plays an important role in the development of new drugs and is involved in the whole process of research and development. Thus,it is a support subject for new drug development. Strengthening pharmacological research and improving the overall level of pharmacologi?cal in China are of great significance for promoting new drug research and development and ensuring ra?tional drug use.

Danshen-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae，is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines，which has been used clinically in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases more than 20 centuries.The active ingredients of Danshen has been researched 5 decades by the modern methods.Many researchers investigated the pharmacological effects of water soluble ingredients of Danshen-salvianolic acids in vivo and in vitro.The results demonstrated that salvianolic acids have different pharmacological effects such as potent antioxidative effects，scavenging free radicals，protect neural cells against injuries caused by anoxia， etc.In present paper，the pharmacological effects of salvianolic acids and the mechanisms of their actions are reviewed based on the research results obtained in our laboratory and other authors.

PKC plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of myocardial preconditioning. After preconditioning, PKC is activated and translocated to membranes and cytoskeleton structures by multiple endogenous substances such as adenosine, calcium, etc. Recent studies imply that MAPK carries the signal from PKC to the mitochondria K ATP channel and thus protect the heart.

Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are the products of non enzymatic glycationprotein. It has been demonstrated that AGEs are closely correlated to a variety of diseases such as diabetes,vascular complications,aging and renal diseases. AGEs play important roles in the development of these diseases. They can effect the function of cells and tissues directly, and also mediate pathological reactions through binding with special receptors. The present paper reviews the procedures of AGEs production,action mechanism and pathology of AGEs.

Lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1(LOX 1) is a type Ⅱ membrane protein belonging to the C type lectin family molecules which can act as a cell surface endocytosis receptor for oxidized LDL.LOX 1 can support binding, internalization and proteolytic degradation of oxidized LDL. And LOX 1 is involved in the platelet endothelium interaction and mediates phagocytosis of aged/apoptotic cells in endothelial cells ox LDL. Purification of soluble LOX 1 and the N terminal amino acid sequencing identified the two cleavage sites (Arg 86 Ser 87 and Lys 89 Ser 90 ). LOX 1 expression is not constitutive, but can be induced by proinflammatory stimuli, such as Angiotension Ⅱ, fluid shear stress and so on.

The family of apelin peptides is derived from a single gene and activates the 7-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor,namely APJ.Apelins have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular functions,fluid homeostasis,central nervous system functions,insulin sensitivity,food and water intake.The properties of this system may make it a novel drug target of therapeutic applications in the cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure,and related diseases like obesity.

Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) is the only protein enzyme family,which catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotide second messages(cAMP and cGMP).PDEs regulate many physiologic and pathologic processes.Recent advance showed that PDE7 hydrolyze cAMP exclusively and is divided into PDE7A and PDE7B. PDE7 mainly express in immune and inflammatory cells.The selective inhibition of this family generates profound,functional effects and PDE7 has been used as a therapeutic target for diseases related with inflammation,such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimers disease(AD).

AIM: To apply high throughput screening methods to research Xiaoxuming Decoction's effective components combination and its action mechanism. METHODS: We studied the effects of 240 sequential components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (L1-L120,A1-A120) on anti-A? neurotoxicity、anti-H_2O_2 damage、anti-glutamic acid damage and ?-secretase activity. RESULTS: We evaluated these results of screening comprehensively,and found several components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (L1-L40,A30-A60,A100-A120) had the potential effects of listed before.So the combination of these components was regarded as the effective components combination of Xiaoxuming Decoction for anti-Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION: Xiaoxuming Decoction had effective protection against Alzheimer's disease through multi-component and multi-target.High throughput screening methods will push the development of Chinese traditional compound prescription greatly.

AIM: To establish the model of aging rats and observe the effect of the group of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction(XXM)on aging rats. METHODS: D-galactose and rotenone were used to establish aging animal model.The ability of learning and memory were measured by using Morris water maze test.Then, the content of GSH and MDA,the activity of SOD,the activity of AchE and ChAT in rats'brain were measured. (RESULTS): D-galactose could induce aging like indicators in rats:decrease the content of GSH and the activity of SOD,and increase the content of MDA,but have no effect on AchE and ChAT.It showed that GEC could improve the ability of learning and memory and ameliorate biochemistry function in rats with aging induced by D-galactose. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GEC of XXM could improve the responses of aging rats and these effects may be related to its ability of antioxidation.