Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; mortality ; Prognosis

AIM To study whether cyproheptadine(Cyp) affects endocrine functions in reproductive system with gender difference. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to gender, respectively, and they were administered NS(5 mL*kg-1*d-1), Cyp 2.4, 4.8 mg*kg-1*d-1 accordingly by ig for 14 d or 21 d. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), testosterone(T), progesterone(P), estrodiol(E2) were measured by radio-immunoassay and the ultrastructure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) cells, gonadotropin cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, luteal cells, granulocytes and so on were observed by electronmicroscopy and microscopy. The calmodulin(CaM) mRNA expression in hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis(HPTA) was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cyp(2.4 mg*kg-1*d-1×14 d, ig) increased serum LH concentration while decreased serum FSH, P concentrations in female rats. Cyp(4.8 mg*kg-1*d-1×14 d, ig)increased serum LH, T concentrations in males, and increased serum LH concentration while decreased serum FSH, E2 and P concentrations significantly in females. The retrograde changes of ultrastructure were observed in part of gonadotropin and ovary endocrine cells, while a stimulating one in testis endocrine cells. CaM mRNA expression levels were elevated in testis but not in hypothalamus and pituitary in male rats. CONCLUSIONCyp had a negative effect on endocrine function in females, but a positive one in males. The ultrastructure showed relevant changes in target gland. Cyp promoted CaM mRNA expression in testis,which had close connections with Cyp′s stimulative effect in HPTA.

Objective To obtain a stably inherited Sprague-Dawley rat model of congenital umbilical hernia by in-breeding, and to observe the structure of umbilical hernia and treat it surgically.Methods Congenital umbilical hernia rats were fostered by full-sib mating.The birth number and umbilical hernia quantity were recorded, and the umbilical hernia rate of rats was analyzed.Six female and 6 male rats with congenital umbilical hernia of 6-month aged F2 generation were selected randomly, among which 2 female and 2 male rats were examined anatomically, and the rest rats underwent surgical suture. Results The umbilical hernia rate was increased along with the increasing inbreeding coefficient, and the rats of F12 and F13 generations were all with congenital umbilical hernia.The umbilical hernia rate in female rats was significantly higher than that in male rats based on the total number of rats from F1 to F13 generation (c2 =11.1, P=0.001).Female and male rats had the same structure of umbilical hernia, and all rats recovered 3-4 weeks after surgery without recurrence.Conclusion After 13 consecutive generations of full-sib mating, a rat model of congenital umbilical hernia with stable genetic properties is successfully established.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acupuncture stimulation of head acupoints "Jin San Zhen" (JIN's Three Acupuncture Needles Therapy) on behavior reactions, hippocampal neuronal autophagy and expression of autophagy associated proteins (Beclin-1 and light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ [LC 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ]) in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) due to fetal intrauterine distress, so as to reveal its underlying mechanisms in improving neonatal HIBD. METHODS: Pregnant SD rats were used in the present study. The HIBD model was established by delayed caesarean delivery and bilateral uterine arteries clipping for 10 minutes. The HIBD rats were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture groups (n＝9 rats in each group). The other 9 rats delivered naturally were used as the normal control group. On day 14 after delivery, the neonatal rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture stimulation of head acupoints ("Nao San Zhen""Nie San Zhen" and "Zhi San Zhen") by twirling each needle leftward and rightward for 10 times, once a day for 14 d. The open field test and Morris water maze test were used to determine the locomotive activity and spatial learning-memory ability, respectively. The ultrastructure and autophagosomes in the hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscope. The contents and expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the hippocampus tissues were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot, separately. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the time to go out of the central region of open field test, and the escape latency and duration of first platform-quadrant-crossing of spatial exploration of Morris water maze tests were significantly increased (P<0.01，P<0.05，P<0.001), and the total distance and number of activities in the central region, and the target quadrant resistance time and number of platform-cros-sing remarkably decreased in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05), suggesting a decline of both locomotor activity and learning-memory ability after modeling. The expression level (%) of Beclin-1 protein and ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ proteins were considerably increased in the model group (P<0.01). Following acupuncture interventions, the locomotor activity and spatial learning-memory ability were obviously increased (P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001), and the expression of Beclin-1 protein and ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ were further up-regulated relevant to the model group (P<0.001). Moreover, ultrastructural observation showed serrated change of nuclear membrane and widened perinuclear space, vacuolization in the mitochondria, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and increase of autophagosomes in the hippocampal neurons in the model group. These situations were relatively milder in the acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture of head acupoints of "JIN San Zhen" may increase locomotor activity and learning-memory abi-lity in rats with HIBD due to fetal intrauterine anoxia, which is closely with its effect in promoting hippocampal neuronal autophagy via up-regulating the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ.

OBJECTIVE: To disclose the pathological mechanism of bacterial LPS-induced angiogenesis and hyperplasia in tumorlike hyperplasia and the pharmacological mechanism underlying artesunate and betulilic acid blocking tumor-like hyperplasia. METHODS: The tumor-like hyperplasia models were established for mouse hypodermis and articular synovium using LPS or LPS-containing complete Fround's adjuvant (CFA). The morphological features (inflammatory grades) were described and the histochemical signatures (angiogenesis, hyperplasia, and inflammatory infiltration) were examined. The serial concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) were quantitatively determined by biochemical, physiological and immunological procedures, and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed by the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Both LPS and CFA can lead to the inflammatory phenotypes and abnormal hyperplasia-related microscopic alterations. They enable the elevation of NO, decline of SpO2, and increase of 3NT (protein nitration). The considerable upregulation of iNOS, HIF-1α and VEGF are accompanied by angiogenesis and hyperplasia. While a NO donor compound replicates such pathogenesis, a NO synthesis inhibitor antagonizes this effect. Artesunate and betulilic acid down-regulate iNOS, HIF-1α and VEGF, decrease NO, and increase SpO2, thereby leading to the melioration or interruption of aberrant inflammatory angiogenesis and hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: LPS-triggered iNOS overexpression and potent NO burst may represent the direct drivers for angiogenesis and hyperplasia. Due to repression of the pathogenic process of tumor-like hyperplasia, artesunate and betulilic acid possess the prophylactic and therapeutic potentials.

Objective To explore the effect of the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury on paracrine patterns of BM-MSCs in order to provide evidence for BMSCs repair.Methods BMSCs were isolated,cultured,characterized,and stained.The rat intestine ischemia/reperfusion model (IRI) was established.Intestinal epithelial mucosal extracts were obtained either from IRI rat or normal rat.Those two type extracts were added into the culture medium,and BM-MSCs were cultured with the two conditioned medium respectively.The culture medium was collected at 0 h and 24 h after culturing with intestinal epithelial mucosal extracts.The levels of TGF-ot,VEGF,FGF and IGF-1 in the medium were assayed by ELISA.Results The contents of all the growth factors detected in cultured medium with intestinal extracts from IRI rats were significantly higher than in regular rats (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of TGF-α,VEGF in culture medium containing IRI epithelium extracts were significantly higher than that in the medium containing normal intestinal epithelium extracts (P ＜ 0.05)Conclusion BM-MSCs can secret TGF-α,VEGF,FGF,and IGF-1 in the presence of intestinal extracts from IRI rat in the culture.These factors might stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells through paracrine mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect and recurrence of the esomeprazole combined with trimebutine on treatment for non-erosive reflux disease(NERD).Methods One hundred and twenty-five cases of patients with NERD were randomly divided into the treatment group (n =62) and the control group (n =63).Patients in treatment group were received the esomeprazole 20 mg,twice a day and trimebutine 0.2 g,3 times a day,in control group were received the esomeprazole 20 mg,twice a day and mosapride 5 mg,3 times a day.After 8 weeks treatment,6 months follow-up was conducted and the effects and recurrence were evaluated.Results The clinical curative rates at 4th and 8th weeks treatment in treatment group were 75.8％ (47/62) and 95.2％ (59/62),higher than that of control group (57.1％ (36/63),x2 =4.879,P =0.027 ; 84.1％ (53/63),x2 =4.083,P =0.043).The GERDQ curative rates at 4th and 8th weeks treatment in treatment group were 72.6％ (45/62),93.5％ (58/62) respectively,significantly higher than that of the control group (52.4％ (33/ 63),x2 =5.434,P =0.020 ; 79.4％ (50/63),x2 =5.350,P =0.021).The recurrence rates of 6 months followup were 77.4％ (48/62) in the treatment group and 81.0％ (51/63) in the control group,there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.627).Conclusion Esomeprazole combined with trimebutine is safe and effective treatment on non-erosive reflux disease,and the recurrence rates was lower than that in the control group.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising new approach for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to detect the effects of SDT on the cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell SPCA-1, using Chlorin e6 as a sonosensitizing agent activated by ultrasound.

METHODSSPCA-1 and normal peripheral mononuclear cell (PMNC) were treated with ultrasound or Chlorin e6 alone and combined. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and cell morphology was studied by inverted microscope after 6 h treated.

RESULTS1.0 MHz ultrasound (1.0 W/ cm(2)-2.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) and Chlorin e6 (0.4 mg/mL-3.2 mg/mL) inhibited the cell proliferation of both SPCA-1 and PMNC cells in a intensity- and a dose-dependent manner respectively. Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or Chlorin e6 (0.05 mg/mL-0.2 mg/mL) alone, the inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation was remarkably increased by the combination of ultrasound and chlorin e6 in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05), but no same effect was observed in PMNC cells (P > 0.05). Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or chlorin e6 (0.2 mg/mL) alone, the combination treatment of ultrasound with Chlorin e6 induced more necrotic cells in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a significant selectively inhibitory effect of sonodynamic effect with Chlorin e6 on the SPCA-1 cell growth. Chlorin e6 may be a promising sonosensitizing agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Porphyrins ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of squamous cell carcinoma on oral bacteria.

METHODSThis study investigated the microbial contents of the plaque on the surfaces of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Samples were obtained from the central surface of lesions, contiguous healthy mucosa and saliva of 42 patients with oral squamous carcinoma before and after operation.

RESULTSThe median of bacterial colony forming units per milliliter (CFUs/ml) of saliva before operation was 8.10 x 10(8) CFUs/ml. The median of CFUs per square centimeter of the tumor surface was 5.21 x 10(5) CFUs/cm2 which was significantly higher than that of the healthy (the control) mucosa (1.77 x 10(4) CFUs/cm2, P = 0.0001). The CFUs per square centimeter of mucosa surface at the operative zone was 4.34 x 10(5) CFUs/cm2 which was also significantly higher than that of the healthy (control) mucosa(7.24 x 10(4) CFUs/cm2, P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONOral carcinoma can break the balance of oral microflora, which may be one of the reasons leading to the high susceptivity of these compromised patients to systemic infection.

Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; isolation & purification ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; microbiology ; Mouth Neoplasms ; microbiology ; Saliva ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; prevention & control ; Streptococcus ; isolation & purification