The introduction of pertussis vaccines has greatly decreased the incidence of pertussis,but pertussis is still one of the most common epidemic diseases responsible for infant and child morbidity and mortality,and is perceived as a serious public health problem in many countries.The advent of acellular vaccines has constituted an important advance in the acceptance of the immunization and consequently the control of the disease.Acellular pertussis vaccines result in fewer adverse reactions compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccines,and the efficacy of acellular vaccines is similar to whole-cell pertussis vaccines.This review summarizes the characteristics of virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis.Acellular pertussis vaccines in term of efficacy,safety,and use are discussed emphatically.

0.4?g was defined as the cutoff,then these patients were divided into two groups,the elevated group and the normal group,and were followed up for a month to compared with the rate of cardiac events.Results Among the 62 cases,there were 8 cardiac events in the evelated group of 24 patients.2 cardiac events in the normal group of 38 patients.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P

Objective To develop a comprehensive integrated POCT system.Methods To meet the requirement of medical relief operation under the circumstances of field operations and Military Operations Other Than War,several dry chemical inspection instruments were selected,integrated and informatized.Then,a portable platform,being easy to deploy,undeploy,store and transport,came into being,which was gifted with the functions for regular rapid laboratory test in filed operation.Results The POCT system's net weight was about 80Kg,and the deployment/un-deployment time was 3 minutes.The tests could be finished in 5minutes.Conclusion The system has reached the goal of rapid response and on -site application,which will greatly enhance the work efficiency of clinical laboratory under the circumstances of field operations.

BACKGROUND:Proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and locking proximal humerus plate (LPHP) are both new types of internal fixation plates, and have satisfactory effects in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. However, which is better?
OBJECTIVE:To compare the short-term efficacy of PHILOS and LPHP in the treatment of elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures.
METHODS:The fol ow-up data of 61 elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into PHILOS group (n=34) and LPHP group (n=27). According to the Neer system, there were two parts of fractures in seven cases, three parts of fractures in 11 cases, four parts of fractures in nine cases in LPHP group;there were two parts of fractures in nine cases, three parts of fractures in 14 cases, four parts of fractures in 11 cases in PHILOS group. The operation time, blood loss, and drainage volume were recorded. The time of fracture healing, functional recovery, and complications were observed. Statistical analysis was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al 61 patients were fol owed up for 12-36 months (mean 20.6 months). There was no statistical difference in operation time, blood loss, drainage volume, time of fracture healing, functional recovery and complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Both LPHP and PHILOS groups could obtain good effects in treatment of senile proximal humeral fractures. The excellent and good rate was respectively 81.5%and 82.4%in two groups. They have advantages of reliable fixation, few complications, and high satisfaction rate. Currently these locking plates have a high clinical value and can be considered as useful implants for ORIF of displaced and unstable proximal humeral fractures.

To review the study progresses in venom protein, peptide and amino acids in natural drug. The study progresses were reviewed on the basis of analying the collected articles. Concerning the distribution, chemical structure, property, pharmacology and toxicity of ricin, abrin, riscotoxin, snake venom, bee venom and buthotoxin. These compounds have certain toxicity and biological activity to animals, It's worth exploiting and utilizing them in conjunction with the achievement in modern chemistry and pharmacology.

To study xanthones from the barks of Garcinia xanthochymus, the constituents were isolated by normal-phase and reverse-phase silica gel column chromatography from the EtOAc extract. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Three new xanthones were purified and identified as 1,2,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone (1), 1,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (2), 1,2,7-trihydroxy-4-( 1,1-dimethylallyl) xanthone (3).

Objective To study the mechanism of oxidative damage in myocardial tissue after limb ischemia reperfusion (IR), and the protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 on myocardial injury in experimental rats. Method The models of bilateral hind limbs ischemia and reperfusion in rats were established by using tourniquets applied to the roots of both hind limbs until palm blanched and pulseless for 4 hours. A total of 56 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 7 groups, namely one normal control group ( n = 8) and 6 ischemia-reperfusion groups as per different lengths of reperfusion time, e. g. 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 16 h rs and 24 hr ( n = 8 each). The experimental rats were sacrificed after different lengths of reperfusion time. Specimens of myocardium and blood were taken for assays of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological changes of myocardium were observed, and the expressions of HO-1 mRNA in myocardium were detected. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the levels of serum MDA and myocardial MDA of rats were increased in all IR groups and were higher (P < 0.05), and the levels of MDA reached the peak after reperfusion for 4 hours. The levels of serum SOD and myocardial SOD in rats of all IR groups were decreased and lower than those in rats of the control group ( P < 0.05), and the levels of serum SOD dropped away to the lowest point after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial SOD fell off to the bottom after reperfusion for 8 hours. The levels of serum MPO and myocardial MPO were significantly increased in rats of all IR groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum MPO reached peak after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial MPO were increased to the highest spot after reperfusion for 6 hours. (2) The pathological changes in myocardium showed the most severe damage after reperfusionfor 4-6 hours.(3) After reperfusion for 2 hours, there were no significant differences in the expression of HO-1 mRNA between IR groups and control group (P >0.05), and after reperfusion for 4 hours and over, the expressions of HO-1 mRNA were markedly increased in IR groups and reached peak after reperfusion for 16 hours in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The activation of neutrophils and free radicals may play a primarily adverse role in myocardial injury after limb IR, and the increase in the expression of HO-1 mRNA lessens the harm effects of IR on myocardium.

To study the chemical constituents from the root of Berchemia lineata (L.) DC., nine compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract by using silica gel, RP-C18 silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified as 5-hydroxy-7-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-chromone (1), (-)-(1'R, 2'S)-erythro-5-hydroxy-7-(1', 2'-dihydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-chromone (2), naringenin (3), eriodictyol (4), (+)-aromadendrin (5), (+)-taxifolin (6), (+)-catechin (7), (+)-epigallocatechin (8) and quercetin (9). Among them, compound 2 is a new chromone derivative. Compound 1 is a known chromone derivative and isolated from this genus for the first time. Compounds 3-9 are known flavonoids and isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective Proximal humerus fracture is the most common upper-arm osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients and the result of treatment directly affects the physiological function of the shoulder .This article discusses the clinical effect of the locking proximal humeral plate ( LPHP) combined with anti-osteoporosis drugs in the treatment of osteoporotic comminuted proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients . Methods This study included of 47 elderly osteoporotic patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures treated from April 2009 to March 2012 and with complete follow-up data.According to the Neer classification , the patients were divided into groups A (LPHP treatment, n=23, including 13 cases of three-part fractures and 10 cases of four-part fractures) and B (LPHP+anti-osteoporosis drugs, n=24, including 13 cases of three-part fractures and 11 cases of four-part fractures). Results All the patients were followed up for 14 to 38 (mean 23.6) months.The postoperative healing time was significantly shorter in group B than in group A ([96.57 ±2.59]d vs [115.91 ±2.73]d, P<0.05), and the excellence rate was remarkably higher in B than in A (91.7%vs 78.3%,P<0.05). Conclusion With the advantages of short healing time and high excellence rate , LPHP+anti-os-teoporosis drugs is superior to simple LPHP in the treatment of osteoporotic comminuted proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients.

Objective To systematically study the chemical constituents in the roots of Gentiana macrophylla from Shaanxi Province. Methods Various column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, MS, (~1H-NMR), (~(13)C-NMR), (~1H-~1H COSY) and (~1H-~(13)C COSY), HMBC, and HMQC) and identified by comparing with the authentic substance. Results Five compounds were got from fat-soluble fraction. They are identified as: N-pentacosyl-2-carboxy-benzoyl amide (Ⅰ), 5-carboxyl-3, 4-dihydrogen-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one (Ⅱ), erythrocentaurin (Ⅲ), roburic acid (Ⅳ), oleanolic acid (Ⅴ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ are two novel ones. They are named as qinjiaoamide and erythrocentauric acid, respectively. Compound Ⅲ is isolated from the plants of Gentiana L. for the first time.