Objective To study the cause of blurred vision or cecitas after cardiac or cerebral angiography. Methods Six patients including 4 performed with cerebral angiography and 2 with cardiac angiography were analyzed. Results In those 6 patients, blurred vision happened in 4 cases, and cecitas appeared in 2 cases. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral isocoria, thinning ophthalmic arteries and normal light reflex. Color Doppler flow imaging showed clearly the central retinal arteries. No cerebral infarction and brain hemorrhage were detected under CT. Conclusions Blurred vision and cecitas are the rare complications occurred with cardiac or cerebral angiography, probably with direct relationship to the concentration or dosage of the contrast media used, and the primary diseases of the patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement for the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism and to discuss the management of complications related to the filter placement. Methods Seventy patients with proved deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity underwent inferior vena cava filter placement. A total of 72 IVC filters were implanted, which included 20 Trap Ease filters, 31Vena Tech filters, 13 retrievable OptEase~(TM) filters and 8 Tempo Ⅱ filters. One filter was deployed above the orifice of renal vein and the remaining 71 were deployed below the orifice of renal vein. Results All the patients were followed up for 8-72 months after the procedure. During the follow-up period no fatal pulmonary embolism occurred except that some complications related to the filter placement occurred in 6 cases.Conclusion Inferior vena cava filter placement can effectively prevent the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. Of course, this treatment should be strictly applied according to the indications.

Objective To investigate the inserting technique of biliary double stents in treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 6 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth Ⅳ) were treated by percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stents. Double stents were inserted in each patient. Different inserting methods were adopted acording to the branch angles formed by left and right hepatic ducts. Results The jaundice of all patients alleviated or disappeared obviously after stent implantation. The average difference between post-and pre-operation in the serium total bilirubin level was (104?29) ?mol/L(P

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of cerebral angiography through the radial artery and the femoral artery approaches. Methods According to the approach way, 82 patients were divided into two groups: femoral artery group and radial artery group. After cerebral angiography the puncture time, the successful rate of puncture, the X-ray exposure time, the time of procedure and the complication of puncture site were compared between the two groups. Results In femoral artery group, the successful rate was higher and the time of puncture was shorter, but the complication was higher than that of radial artery group. Conclusions For cerebral angiography, through radial artey approach is feasible and safe better to be adopted for the elderly or the prescheduled case, but the femoral artery approach is suitable for the emergency.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and characteristics of coronary artery lesion between Hui and Han nationality young pa?tient with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)who were referred to the affiliated hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Methods A total of 189 con?secutive AMI young patients(age≤44 years)who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively retrieved from the database.Those patients with AMI were divided into Hui group(46 cases)and Han group(143 cases). The clinical features and results of coronary angiogram were com?pared between the two group. Results Compared with Han group,Hui group are more younger than Han group,high prevalence rate of diabetes, lower smoking history and lower drinking history(P<0.05). Coronary angiography showed the incidence of three?vessel lesions was significant low?er in Han group than in Hui group(P<0.05). Both group showed single vessel was the most common lesion. Conclusion Hui nationality patients with acute myocardial infraction are more younger and are are more prone to suffering from diabetes history、lower smoking history and lower drinking history than Han nationality patients. The coronary artery lesions of Hui nationality patients with acute acute myocardial infraction are more three?branch lesions than Han nationality patients.

Objective To assess under different vessel diameter ,the effect of the aspiration thrombectomy catheter in improving the myocardial reperfusion and clinical prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)who were undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) .Methods 205 patients with AMI immediate implant stents after thrombus suction ,the TIMI flow grade(myocardial infarction thrombolysis treatment test flow classification ) ,postoperative ecg evolution ,incidence of no-reflow MACE in 30 days and MACE in 6 months were compared between conventional thrombus suction group and suction again group(blood vessels of <3 .0 mm and ≥3 .0 mm) .Results The level 3 blood flow rate ,MACE in 6 months in suction again group with blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm had improved significantly ,but had no beneficial effects in blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm .Conclusion In AMI patients treated with primary PCI ,application of aspiration thrombectomy catheter with blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm may im-prove the flow condition before infarction related blood vessels ,reduce MACE .

Objective To investigate the influence of atorvastatin in methylation and expression level of Bcl-2 in human umbilical endothelial cells(HUVECs)treated with homocysteine(Hcy)and to expound potential mechanism of atorvastatin resisting arteriosclerosis.Methods After HUVECs were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mmol·L-1 Hcy for 48 h,MTT was used to measure the inhibitory rates of HUVECs and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ). According to the experimental results, the HUVECs cultured in vitro were divided into control group (0.00 mmol · L-1 Hcy ), Hcy group (9.00 mmol·L-1 Hcy ), and atorvastatin group (9.00 mmol·L-1 Hcy+1×10-3 mmol·L-1 atorvastatin).After treated for 48 h,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of cells, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR,the protein expression of Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting method, and the methylation level of Bcl-2 promoter region was determined by nest touch-down PCR combined with methylation specific PCR (MSP ). Results Compared with control group,the apoptotic rate of HUVECs in Hcy group was increased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the Bcl-2 promoter region methylation level was also decreased(P<0.01).Compared with Hcy group,the apoptotic rate of HUVECs in atorvastatin group was decreased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 gene were increased (P<0.05), and the Bcl-2 promoter region methylation level was also increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Atorvastatin can prevent the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by Hcy through regulating Bcl-2 methylation.

Objective To observe the influence of different level of hyperhomocysteinemia on mRNA and protein expressions of KV1 .3 ,CaN,NFAT,IL-6 and TNF-αin lymphocytes of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods We selected 90 STEMI patients and divided them into three groups according to the level of plasma homocysteine:the first experimental group (STEMI group,Hcy<1 5μmol/L, n=30),the second experimental group (STEMI with mild Hhcy group,Hcy 15~30μmol/L,n=30)and the third experimental group (STEMI with intermediate Hhcy group,Hcy>30 μmol/L,n=30 ).Another 30 healthy examined people were selected as control group (n=3 0 ).Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.The Hcy in the plasma was measured with the IMX assays.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expressions of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1,IL-6 and TNF-αand Western blot technique was used to detect the expressions of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1 in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 )and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.01).Plasma total Hcy levels were positively correlated with mRNA and protein expressions of KV1.3 in all observed groups (r=0.503 P=0.000,r=0.726 P=0.000).Conclusion The higher level of Hcy in plasma,the higher mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1 and the higher mRNA expression levels of IL-6,TNF-αin the lymphocyte of STEMI patients,which may be one mechanism for Hcy exacerbating the inflammatory reaction of STEMI.

Objective To investigate the effects of homocysteine(Hcy) on myocardial injury and its possible mechanisms.Methods The selected H9C2 cardiomyocytes were intervened with various concentrations of Hcy and 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA).The H9C2 cells were divided into the control group,H400 group and H400P2 group.The control group used the common medium,the H400 group was added with 400 μmol/L Hcy,the H400P2 group was added with 2 mmol/L 4-PBBA on the basis of H400 group.The cell livability was detected by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).Apoptosis was evaluated by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick-end labelling(TUNEL) staining.The ERO1α expression was determined by using immunocytochemistry,and the protein expression difference was determined by using Western blot.Results The injury of Hey on H9C2 cardiomyocytes showed a concentration-dependent manner(F=2 039.958,P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the apoptosis percentages and expression levels of PERK,p-PERK,CHOP and ERO1α in the H400 group were increased(P＜0.01);while which in the H400P2 group were decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Hcy mediates myocardial apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanism.