Objective To observe the pathological changes of major organs in rats with acute Dysosma versipellis poisoning and investigate the toxic mechanismand the injuries of target tissues and organs. Methods Forty Sprague-Daw ley (SD) rats were random ly divided into three experimental groups, which were given the gavage with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0LD50 doses of Dysosma versipellis decoction, and one con-trol group, which was given the gavage with 1.0LD50 dose of normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 14 days after Dysosma versipellis poisoning and sam ples including brain, heart, liver, lung, and kidney were taken. After pathological process, the pathological changes of the major organs and tissues were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. The experimental data were statistical analyzed by x2 test. Results The observations of light microscopy: loose cytoplasmof neurons with loss of most Nissl bodies;swelling of m yocardial cells with disappearance of intercalated disk and striations;hepato-cellular edema with ballooning degeneration; and swelling epithelial cells of renal proximal convoluted tubule with red light coloring protein-like substances in the tube. The observations of electron microscopy:the structures of cell mem brane and nuclear mem brane of neurons were destroyed;cytoplasmof neurons, obvious edema;and most organelles, destroyed and disappeared. The mortalities of rats after acute poi-soning of the four groups increased with doses (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute Dysosma versipellis poisoning can cause multi-organ pathological changes. There is apositive correlation between the toxic effect and the dosage. The target tissues and organs are brain (neurons), heart, liver and kidney.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of decompression in the treatment of large jaw cystic lesions.Methods 42 patients suffered from large jaw cystic lesions were randomly divided into two groups,21 patients in the control group performed the traditional curettage surgery;21 patients in the experiment group performed the decompression surgery.The intraoperative blood loss,operative time,the incidence rate of postoperative pain and postoperative infection,follow-up recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperative blood loss,operative time,postoperative pain and postoperative infection rates of the experiment group were significantly better than the control group,the differences between two groups were significant(P ＜ 0.05).The recurrence rate of the control group and the experiment group was 24.0％,4.8％.The recurrence rate of the experiment group was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared to the traditional curettage surgery,decompression surgery can reduce blood loss,shorter operative time,reduce postoperative infection,reduce the risk of recurrence,then improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the choice of early diagnosis method of primary ureteral neoplasms in or-der to improve the ratio of clinical diagnosis. Methods 28 cases with primary ureteral neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed. Ultrasonic examination, IVU, retrograde urogram, spiral CT, MRI, ureteroscopy and exfoliative cell examina-tion of urine were compared in this study. Results The most useful methods of detecting tumors preoperation were retrograde urogram, spiral CT, MRI, ureteroseopy. All the 28 patients underwent surgical treatment. Among them, nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff or partial resection were performed in 19 cases. Postoperative pathology showed transitional cell carcinoma in 27 cases,and adenoma in 1 case. 8 cases were T1-2 tumours. Of the 14 cases during 1990 ～1999 period, 1,5,3,2,2 and 1 cases had survival time of 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 years ,respectively. Of the 14 cases during 2000～2007,4 were lost to follow-up;2 survived for 3 years and 2 for 1 year;the other 6 who have survived near 5 years have been followed till now. Conclusions To improve the early diagnosis rate,B-ultrasonic examination, IVU,retrograde urogram,3D spiral CT and MRI examination were necessary in the early stage. The patients should be opeiated as early as possible after diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Tongmai pill. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative iden-tification of Salvia miltiorrhiza,Angelica sinensis and Carthamus tinctorius. HPLC was used for the content determination of feru-lic acid. The column was Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid (17∶83,V/V) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 316 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl.. RESULTS:The TLC of S. miltiorrhiza,A. sinensis and C. tinctorius showed clear spots and good separation. The linear range of ferulic acid was 8-80 μg/ml(r=0.999 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 97.2%-99.6%(RSD=1.2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The standard can be used for the quality control of Tongmai pill.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis and its influencing factors, in order to provide basis for clinical intervention.Methods:Totally 230 patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected from 2 tertiary hospital in Ji′nan by convenience sampling method, the self-designed general data questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Numerical Rating Scale, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used as research tools. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:A total of 219 valid questionnaires were collected. Kinesiophobia occurred in 166 patients, with an incidence of 75.80% (166/219). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, education level, chronic complications, pain and self-efficacy were the main influencing factors of kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis is relatively high, and medical staff should pay attention to the evaluation of kinesiophobia symptoms in this population, early identify the high-risk factors, provide timely health education, implement the appropriate intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of kinesiophobia.

Sprays have gained significant attention and widespread use due to their numerous advantages, including rapid action, safety, and convenience. They are widely used in various fields such as dermatology, respiratory disease treatment, wound repair, and central nervous system targeted drug delivery. With the in-depth research of new drugs and modern pharmaceutics, the development ideas of sprays are more diverse, and the application scenarios are increasingly extensive. In this review the clinical application status of sprays and the latest research progress were summarized. Then the quality control parameters were briefly introduced，which provided reference for the research and development of sprays.

Objective To prepare flumazenil sublingual tablets and study its bioavailability. Methods Flumazenil sublingual tablets were prepared by compressing flumazenil inclusion compound with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the inclusion material. In a double-cycle crossover trial, twelve beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups, one group receiving flumazenil sublingual tablets and the other receiving flumazenil injections. LC-MS method was developed and validated to determine flumazenil plasma concentration. The pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were calculated using WinNonlin pharmacokinetic software. Results In the pharmacokinetic study, AUC_last of flumazenil injection and sublingual tablet was （8.41±2.15） and （8.86±2.83） h·ng·ml⁻¹, respectively; C_max was （10.96±2.62） and （6.36±2.14） ng/ml, respectively; t_max was （0.18±0.05） and （0.58±0.24） h, respectively. The bioavailability of flumazenil sublingual tablet was 52.68%. Conclusion Clathrates were used to prepare flumazenil sublingual tablets to achieve safe and efficient delivery. LC-MS method was established for the determination of flumazenil plasma concentration, and the advantages were simple, accurate and sensitive.

Objective To construct methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) AuNPs-mPEG@DOX in order to reduce the toxicity and side effects of DOX. Methods AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was prepared and characterized by Z-Average, Zeta potential and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The impact of thiol-linked DOX (HS-DOX) at various dosage concentrations on the drug adsorption rate and drug loading of AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was investigated. Furthermore, a HPLC method was developed to accurately determine the content of unadsorbed HS-DOX in AuNPs-mPEG@DOX. The specificity, linearity, precision, stability and average recovery of this method were thoroughly investigated. The cytotoxic effect of AuNPs-mPEG@DOX on MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Results AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was successfully prepared with Z-Average of (46.12±0.49) nm, Zeta potential of (18.60±1.51) nm and the maximum absorption wavelength of 530 nm. An efficient HPLC method for the detection of unadsorbed HS-DOX in AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was devised. The optimal dosage concentration of HS-DOX for AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was determined to be 11.18 μg/ml, resulting in a drug adsorption rate of (9.21±2.88)% and a drug loading rate of (2.01±0.62)%. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that AuNPs-mPEG@DOX significantly reduced the toxic and side effects of DOX on normal breast cells. Additionally, AuNPs-mPEG@DOX and free DOX exhibited comparable cytotoxic effects on breast tumor cells when DOX concentration was equal to or greater than 4.75 μmol/L. Conclusion AuNPs-mPEG@DOX effectively reduce the toxicity of DOX, providing a reference for future research on reducing the toxicity of AuNPs-linked drugs.

Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins, closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. In order to explore its role in silkworm, by PCR and Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, the full-length cDNA of Bmintegrin β1 in silkworm was acquired. The domain was predicted by domain prediction website. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze its evolutionary relationship. By prokaryotic expression system, protein purification method and immunizing mouse, the antibody against Bmintegrin β1 recombinant protein was obtained. The spatial-temporal expression profile of Bmintegrin β1 was investigated by semi quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Then we identified all 3 different spliceosomes, and they shared a common open reading frame of 2 502 bp, encoding 833 amino acids. Bmintegrin β1 contained all the classic domains of the integrin family, such as Integrin-B-tail, transmembrane domain etc. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bmintegrin β1 was close to the homologous proteins from Heliothis assulta and Danaus plexippus. In order to understand the function of Bmintegrin β1 further, we generated the antibody. In addition, Western blotting demonstrated that the antibody recognized the Bmintegrin β1 recombinant protein. Then, semi quantitative PCR and Western blotting results showed that Bmintegrin β1 was widely expressed in most of tissues, among of them, it's exhibited the highest expression level in hemacyte. Overall, this study provides a foundation for the study of silkworm integrin family.

Scavenger receptor class B is involved in various indispensable physiological processes, like the formation and inhibition of atherosclerosis or other cardiovascular diseases, innate immune defense and the removal of apoptotic cells. Here, we cloned BmSCRB8, a member of scavenger receptor class B in silkworm. We obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of BmSCRB8 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), including 2 668 bp. The ORF of BmSCRB8 is 1 704 bp, encoding 567 amino acids. Online software prediction indicated that the molecular weight of BmSCRB8 is 63.87 kDa and the isoelectric point (pI) is 6.06. The space-time expression profile of BmSCRB8 was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), which implicated that BmSCRB8 is extensively expressed in each tissue and at each stage of blood. In addition, BmSCRB8 is highest expressed in fat body of silkworm, and is highly expressed in metamorphosis periods. Anti-BmSCRB8 polyclonal antibody was generated through prokaryotic expression, protein purification and mice immunization. Simultaneously, we constructed BmSCRB8 eukaryotic vector and then transfected embryonic cell line of silkworm. Immunofluorescence and overexpression showed that BmSCRB8 expressed specifically in membrane. Western blotting demonstrated that BmSCRB8 protein can be specifically recognized by anti-serum generated after mice immunization.