Objective To explore the practicability of the pressure sore management forms and its effect on improving the nurses' reported compliance rates on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sores and the passing rate of nursing records. Methods With aided designs as forms, icons and notes,making a comparative analysis on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sore between 433 cases in 2010(the observation group) and 205 cases in 2009(the control group). Designing and applying the pressure sore management forms, including four kinds of forms: the high-risk assessment form, high-risk pressure sores declaration sheet, the external pressure sore report form, pressure sore prevention and care record sheet, then applied them in the observation group. Results Compared with the control group, all aspects like the compliance rates of nurses' reports on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sore, the passing rate of nursing records, the healing and improvement rates were obviously increased, the occurrence rate of high-risk pressure sores decreased. Conclusions The pressure sore management forms can help nurses for accurate assessing high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sores, also can help to increase the healing and improvement rate and to enhance the quality of nursing records.

Utilizing the ~(125)I-Calmodulin-overlay technique, we have detected calmodulin-binding proteins (CaMBPs) in crude extracts of lymphocytes. The results indicated that appendix (B cell), mesenteric lymph node (T, B cell) and spleen (T, B cell) from rabbit contained 19, 20 and 16 species of CaMBPs respectively. Ten CaMBPs with molecular weight 80, 78, 70, 63,50, 41, 36, 22, 17 and 13.5 K D were present in all lymphocytes detected. Lymphocytes were rich in two kind of CaMBPs with molecular weight 17 and 13.5 K D which bound calmodulin in partial calcium-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and drug use in patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote rational drug use.METHODS:The Klebsiella pneumoniae separated during 2006 in our hospital was subjected to drug susceptibility tests and the results were given a statistical analysis.Meanwhile,the drug use in patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae was analyzed.RESULTS:The antibiotic resistance rates of 75% of the antibiotics were above 50%.On average,2.56 kinds of antibiotics were preventively or empirically used per in-patient.CONCLUSION:The drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae is very serious.Clinical treatments should choose antibiotics rationally according to susceptibility tests.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the implementation of comprehensive reform with“zero drug profit”and the like in Jingjiang City People’s Hospital. METHODS:Comparative analysis was made to the data for the adjustment of medical ser-vices and medicine specifications,control of medical expenses,general condition of hospital operation and hospital compensation mechanism before (2012) and after (2013) comprehensive reform in this hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:After the com-prehensive reform,the number of medical services provided by this hospital increased from 1 408 to 1 426 (with increase rate of 1.28%),in which the prices of 949 services raised (accounting for 66.55%);the number of medicine specifications decreased from 1 875 to 1 670 (with decrease rate of 10.93%),but the number of essential medicine specifications increased from 261 to 377 (with increase rate of 44.44%);total medical expense and total medical expense per capita respectively increased from 477 565.0 thousand yuan and 633.21 yuan to 524 865.9 thousand yuan and 686.91 yuan(with increase rate of 9.90% and 8.48%), but total medicine expense and total medicine expense per capita respectively decreased from 207 656.8 thousand yuan and 275.33 yuan to 199 052.7 thousand yuan and 260.51 yuan(with decrease rate of 4.14% and 5.38%),the proportion of medicine revenue in total hospital revenue also decreased from 43.48%to 37.92%(with decrease rate of 5.56%);total medical revenue and expendi-ture respectively increased from 453 825.5 thousand yuan and 217 516.3 thousand yuan to 524 865.9 thousand yuan and 263 733.3 thousand yuan (with increase rate of 15.65% and 21.25%),but total drug revenue and expenditure respectively changed from 208 380.8 thousand yuan and 176 054.1 thousand yuan into 199 052.7 thousand yuan and 196 407.5 thousand yuan(with increase rate of -4.48% and 11.56%);although the compensation reached 26 596.0 thousand yuan after raising the prices of hospital ser-vices,the subsidies(including the subsidy for basic construction and equipment procurement,fund for public health services,fund for the retirement conforming to requirements and subsidy for the balance found after checking revenue and expenditure) which should be granted by the government has not become available. It is an urgent issue that government departments and the hospital further improve relevant management policies to promote sound development of medical and healthcare program.

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on gaseous transmitter molecule of the hippocampus in rats with global cerebral ischemic-reperfusion(I-R) injury.Methods Twenty-four Wistar male rates were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation (group S),I-R control(group I-R),I-R plus sodium nitroproside(SNP) 2 mg/kg(LSNP) or plus SNP 4 mg/kg(group HSNP) with 6 rats each.Global cerebral I-R model was established by 4-vessel occlusion.SNP was injected at 30 min before clamping the bilateral carotid arteries in groups of LSNP and HSNP.The carotid arteries were clasped for 20 min.The rats were killed after cerebral reperfusion for 6 h.The concentrations of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),NO and CO,the activity of cystathionine beta synthase(CBS),HO and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),as well as the expression levels of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in the hippocampus were measured.Results Compared to group S,the concentrations of H_2S,NO and CO,the activities of CBS,HO and iNOS and the expressions of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA in group I-R were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) ,which were all higher in groups of LSNP and HSNP than those in group I-R(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Exogenous NO can induce the expressions of CBS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA,activate CBS and HO in rats with global cerebral I-R injury,indicating that NO has a modulation effect on the CBS/ H_2S and iNOS/NO systemes.

Objective To explore the organic and biological contamination in water body of Jin River of Tianjin. Methods Three sections were set up in the upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Jin River respectively. 6 sampling points were set up in each section of the river. The levels of BOD_5~(20), total count of bacteria, fecal coliform count of the river water were determined. The obtained data were assessed based on GB3838-2002 the National Criterion for Environmental Quality of Surface Water. Results The levels of BOD_5~(20) of river water samples collected from each section of Jin River exceeded the standard ruled by GB3838-2002 Grade V. The levels of fecal coliform count of water samples were between the national standards of Grade Ⅲ and Ⅴ of GB3838-2002. The water samples collected from different sections of Jin River water showed no significant differences in the levels of BOD_5~(20) and fecal coliform count, and significant difference in total count of bacteria. Significantly higher levels of total count of bacteria were observed in water samples collected from upper reaches of Jin River compared with those collected from lower reaches (P

Objective Mongolian gerbil can make themself urine concentration for saving water and adapt to the harsh desert environment, due to their very unique moisture control system in the body.Methods Mongolian gerbil is resistant to drought on account of their special kidney. Histology of the kidney, ureter and bladder in Meriones Unguiculataus were observed by light microscopy using HE staining.Results The results showed that compared with rats and mice, the Mongolian gerbils have more developed distal tubules, and well developed inner renal medulla.Conclusions We hope that the findings of this study enrich our understanding of the histology of urinary system in Mongolian gerbils and provide support for the laboratory animalization of this animal.

Objective To investigate the effects of mild pefioperative hypothermia on cellular immune function in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer.Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 30-64 yr undergoing surgery for rectal cancer were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =25 each):mild hypothermia group and normal body temperature group.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,etomidate and vecuronium and maintained with propofol,remifentanil and vecuronium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.The venous blood samples were taken from peripheral vein at 1 h before anesthesia (T1 ),at the end of operation (T2),at 24 h after operation (T3),and on 7th day after operation (T4) to measure the serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines levels and Th1/Th2 cytokines balance was observed.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,the serum Th2 cytokines level was significantly decreased and Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly increased at T4 in normal body temperature group,and the serum Th1 cytokines level and Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly decreased and the serum Th2 cytokines level was significantly increased at T2.3 in mild hypothermia group ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal body temperature group,the serum Th1 cytokines level and Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly decreased and the serum Th2 cytokines level was significantly increased at T2-4 in mild hypothermia group ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mild perioperative hypothermia can depress cellular immune function in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer.

Purpose: Set up a new technique to reproduce the cavitation effect in the process of brain deceleration impact Methods: A transparent physical brain model with tiny air bubbles was built and loaded on an upright brain deceleration impacting moveable platform. Then, in the high strength lighting circumstance, the moveable platform was made to free fall from a height of 40cm and impacted on a fixed platform, and the whole deceleration impacting process was recorded by a high-speed video camera. Using the serial pictures analysing software, the volume and mean pressure change of the air bubbles were calculated and the cavitation effect of the brain tissue during the impact was studied. Results: The volume of the air bubble in the contrecoup site increased obviously in the impacting process, the volume of the air bubble in the coup site decreased in the impacting process and the volume change of the air bubble in the middle site was not evident enough in the impacting process. Conclusion: The results proved the negative pressure and the cavitation phenomenon in the contrecoup site. The experiments explicitly and directly showed the cavitation effect in the contrecoup site during the decelerating impact It was helpful to better understand the distribution characters of the dynamic stress of the brain tissue in the brain decelerating impact in a certain extent, and it could also provide some methods and experimental foundation to clarify the mechanical mechanism of the brain contrecoup injury which was often taken place in traffic accidental injury. Besides, the methods were of significance to research the biomechanism, diagnosis and prevention of the brain deceleration impacting injury.

ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution and density of Langerhans cells and dermal CD68 positive histiocytes in lesions of secondary keloid.MethodsTissue specimens were resected from the lesions of 30 patients with secondary keloid and normal skin of 14 human controls.Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of CD68 and CD1a in these specimens.A micrometer was used to count the number of positively stained cells per unit area.The Student's t test was conducted for data analysis by using the SPSS software.ResultsThe density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells was (61 ± 49) cells/mm2 in the epidermis of secondary keloid lesions, (258 ± 61 ) cells/mm2 in the control epidermis,and(40 ± 65) cells/mm2 in the dermis of keloid lesions.CD68+ cells were absent in the epidermis of keloid lesions.Significant differences were observed in the density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells between the lesional and normal control epidermis(t =9.88,P ＜ 0.001 ) and in the percentage of CD68+ cells in nucleated cells between the superficial dermis of lesions and control skin(62％ ± 12％ vs.70％ ± 14％,t =2.66,P ＜ 0.05).The density of dermal CD68+ histiocytes was similar between the lesions and control skin ((287 ± 73) cells/mm2 vs.(290 ± 22) cell/mm2,t =0.02,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In keloid lesions,Langerhans cells decrease in the epidermis but increase in the dermis,CD68+ histiocytes are absent in the epidermis,and reduced in the dermis with a declined percentage in nucleated cells.