The target therapy of trastuzumab (herceptin) opened up a new way to the treatment of breast cancer. Nowadays at least 6 prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT) have proved that trastuzumab could significantly prolong the disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of Her-2 positive early breast cancer patients. This article summarized these data and gave the basic principles and strategies of adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab for our daily clinical practice.

Breast precancerous disease is a group of benign proliferative disorders which is correlated to breast cancer, the latter being the most common female cancer. The relative risk of developing breast cancer within 10-20 years after diagnosis is quite different among histological types of premalignant disease, varying from 1.5 to 10. Most of these diseases increase the rate of cancer in both breasts. While further researches on the relationship between breast premalignant disorders and breast cancer are going on, the diagnosis and management of these precancerous conditions seem to be more and more important for the prevention of breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy has been widely accepted as the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (Ⅱb-Ⅲ). Nearly forty percent of the patients who accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieved pathological complete response of axillary lymph nodes in addition to downstage the primary lesions. However, for patients with clinical complete response of lymph nodes after pre-operative systemic therapy, there are constant controversies regarding the prediction of axillary lymph nodes response and sentinel lymph nodes biopsy after the treatment. Here we design to review the latest studies about how to evaluate the axillary lymph nodes response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and try to enlighten the treatment choices in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of Jiawei Bazhen in treatment of fracture nonunion in children .Methods 60 cases of patients with fracture nonunion from December 2014 to June 2015 in Weinan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital were divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table, 30 cases in each group.The control group were treated by Shangke Jiegu tablet combined with staphylococcal enterotoxin C injection, and the experimental group were treated by Jiawei Bazhen combined with staphylococcal enterotoxin C injection, with a consecutive treatment of 6 weeks.The efficacy, arthritis symptom score, serum bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) and vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate in experimental group were higher than that in control group (χ2 =6.667,P<0.05).The arthritis symptom score in experimental group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The serum levels of BMP-7 and VEGF in experimental group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between two groups(χ2 =1.086,P>0.05).Conclusion Jiawei Bazhen could improve the clinical symptoms, increase the levels of BMP-7 and VEGF, and promote the bone fracture's concresc in children with fracture nonunion, with fewer adverse reactions, which has distinct clinical curative effect.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of rh-BNP combined with continuous renal replacement therapy on the re-fractory heart failure in cardiorenal syndrome. Methods:Totally 48 patients with refractory heart failure in cardiorenal syndrome in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group was received the con-ventional drug therapy combined with continuous renal replacement therapy, and the observation group was received rh-BNP therapy ad-ditionally. After 7 days, NT-ProBNP, heart rate, LVEF, SV, BUN, Scr and GFR of the two groups were compared, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results:After the treatment, all the observed indicators in the two groups were significantly improved than those before the treatment, and the improvement in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( P<0. 05). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(91. 67% vs 79. 17%, P<0. 05). Conclusion:The combination of rh-BNP and continuous renal replacement therapy can improve heart and kidney function of the refrac-tory heart failure in cardiorenal syndrome with better efficacy.

The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is generally considered as an signiifcant predictor of poor prognosis, but the outcome has been rewritten with the appearance and application of the HER-2 targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and chemotherapy plus targeted therapy. For the superiority of acting as in vivo susceptibility” test, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become a new comprehensive treatment mode for operable breast cancer. And it has also provided an important approach to investigate the effectiveness of newly appeared targeted therapy. We focused more on reviewing and analyzing the results of clinical trials related to preoperation chemotherapy and the latest studies in HER-2 positive breast cancer in this article.

Therapies targeting endocrine receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have become important treat-ment modes for patients with hormone receptor breast cancer. Despite the availability of these options, however, development of prima-ry or secondary drug resistance and subsequent disease progression in patients with advanced disease continue to occur. Mammalian tar-get of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation, has been implicated in the induction of cellular processes leading to the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that overactivation of the mTOR pathway may be in-volved in the development of endocrine resistance. Interrupting this signaling cascade may alleviate such resistance and help restore drug sensitivity. A number of agents targeting the mTOR pathway have shown potent anti-tumorigenic effects in vitro, and several agents show great potential for treating breast cancer patients. Many clinical studies have shown that combining endocrine therapy with mTOR inhibitors could significantly increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients. In this study, we focus on recent research prog-ress on mTOR and its inhibitors in endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Compared with older patients, young breast cancer has unique clinicopathological characteristics, with lower detective rate and worse prognosis. Multidisciplinary individual-based therapy is of great significance in maximizing therapeutic benefits, as well as minimizing their side effects. Today more and more young patients are eager to reserve reproductive functions at the same time. This article reviews the progress on screen?ing and diagnostic measures, comprehensive treatments, and reproductive endocrine problems brought by therapies in early young breast cancer.

Objective To explore the possibility of human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) gene engineering, we construct the eukaryotic expression vector carrying HNP1 gene. Methods With RNA extracted from human neutrophil cell as template, cDNA encoding mature HNP1 was amplified by RT-PCR, and then it was inserted into vector pMD18-T. After restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing confirmation the gene was subcloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO to construct a recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1, then the recombinant plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells by lipofectamine, and the expressed product was identified by biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( BA-ELISA). Results The sequence of HNP1 completely matched those published in GenBank, thus eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 was constructed correctly. The ELISA results showed that the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 could temporarily express HNP1 in COS-7 cells. Conclusion The successful construction and expression of pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 pave the way for the stable expression HNP1 in mammalian engineering cells.

Objective To explore the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) during reduction of body weight in obese subjects. Methods 260 obese subjects without metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and other clinically detectable diseases were enrolled in this study. Among them 157 patients were found to have impaired endothelial function and 103 with normal endothelial function. They were randomly divided into body weight reduction intervention group and nonintervention group. The measures of intervention included food restriction, exercise, and drugs for weight reduction, and they were continued for two years. 87 subjects with normal weight and without endothelial dysfunction served as normal control. IR index (HOMA-IR) and flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilatation function were measured before and after the study period. Results After two years, it was found that the endothelial function was markedly improved (4.56?4.79 vs 15.17?5.80, P