We found previously that water soluble extract of Liriope spicata Lour (SanMaiDong) possesses cardioprotective action. The paper reported that effects of total aminoacid ex- traded from Liriope spicata Lour (Tal) on experimental myocardial ischemia in rats. The results indicate that Tal (5 mg?kg-1 ,ip) obviously antagonized ischemic ECG changes induced by pituitrin in rats. In myocardial ischemic rats caused by isoprenaline (8 mg?kg-1) Tal 15 mg? kg-1ip significantly reduced ST and decreased CPK release and lowered the content of MDA. In a myocardial ischemic mode) induced by ligat-ing the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats, Tal 15 mg?kg-1ip remarkably decreased plasma CPK and FFA levels and was found todiminish the infarct size. The ratio of its infarct size (5. 80%) is similar to that of propranolol (5. 41%),but apparently smaller than that of ligated group (18.55%). The results suggest that Tal can protect ischemic myocardium and this action may relate to the prevention of my-ocardial lipid peroxication and improvement of myocardial metabolism.

Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboo-feeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B.schroederi to infer its biology,including host adaptations.Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations,suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts.Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence,including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms,indicate that B.schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism.Additionally,we characterized the secretome of B.schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies.Overall,this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B.schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages.Our findings on the unique biology of B.schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism.