Objective To evaluate the application effect and value of four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode in the treat-ment of hydrocephalus .Methods The four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode ,including endoscopic third ventriculostomy , septostomy of the septum pellucidum ,cyst ventriculostomy and ventrideperitoneal cavity ,were selected in 58 cases of hydrocephalus according to the indications .The treatment effects were analyzed and the application value was evaluated .Results Among 58 cases of hydrocephalus ,50 cases were significantly improved after operation ,the total effective rate was 86 .21% ,2 cases appeared some complications .The four kinds of operation mode could better treat hydrocephalus .Conclusion Neuroendoscopy is an ideal method in treating hydrocephalus and has the advantages of the slight trauma and fewer complications ,which is a method deserving to be promoted in clinic .

The role of arginine vasopressin ( AVP) played in proliferation and differentiation of mouse primary osteoblast and its mechanism was investigated. 100 nmol/ L AVP was added into the medium containing primary mouse osteoblast: (1) After being cultured for 72 h, the proliferation of the cells was counted with a cell counter. (2) The media of cultured cells on 2,4,6,8,10 days were harvested and tested for the secreted ALP concentration by osteoblasts, and the cells were lysed in order to test the ALP concentration in cytosol. (3) The alizarin red staining was employed to detect the effect of AVP on calcium nodules formation on 8 th and 20 th days. (4) The osteoblast cells were incubated with AVP for 20 min, and then were lysed. Radioimmune assay was applied to test the change of cAMP in cytosol. These results showed that, compared to negative group, 100 nmol/ L AVP significantly promoted the proliferation of primary mouse osteoblast ( P<0. 01). ALP secretion was increased remarkably ( P <0. 01), and the number and area of calcium nodules were increased considerably(P<0. 01). The intracellular cAMP was increased after incubating cells with AVP for 20min ( P<0. 01). These results suggest that AVP may promote proliferation and differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts by cAMP signal pathway.

Objective To explore the comparison of the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on propensity score matching through the umbilical single hole method and three holes method in the treatment of acute cholecystitis.Methods 106 patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as research subjects.According to different treatment methods,they were divided into the study group(n=64)and the control group(n=42).The patients in the study group were treated with single port via umbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy,while the control group was treated with three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Compare the surgical related indicators,postoperative recovery,and postoperative complications between the two groups of patients.Results Comparing the general information of the two groups of patients,there was no significant difference in body mass index(BMI),BMI,and gallbladder ultrasound results(P＞0.05),but the average age of the study group patients was greater than that of the control group patients(P＜0.05).By comparing the general data of the two groups of patients after propensity score matching,it was found that there was no significant difference in gender,age,BMI,and gallbladder ultrasonography results between the two groups(P＞0.05).The surgical time for the study group patients was(61.48±10.24)minutes,while for the control group,it was(40.42±8.35)minutes;And the visual analog scale(VAS)scores at 6 and 24 hours after surgery were(5.63±1.04)and(3.42±0.65)for the study group,respectively,while(7.22±1.61)and(5.48±1.02)for the control group.The pain sensation was more pronounced(P＜0.05);However,there was no statistically significant difference in blood loss during surgery between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).The hospitalization time and gastrointestinal function recovery time of the study group patients were(2.05±0.42)days and(33.46±4.30)hours,respectively,while the control group was(3.95±1.02)days and(47.58±7.62)hours,respectively;And the satisfaction score of the study group patients with incision scars was(4.58±0.42)points,while the control group was(3.02±0.38)points(P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications in the study group was 2.78％,while in the control group it was 16.67％,significantly lower in the study group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with acute cholecystitis treated with the umbilical single hole method have significantly lower postoperative pain,shorter hospital stay,and recovery time of gastrointestinal function compared to the three hole method.Patients also have higher scores of satisfaction with incision scars,and the overall incidence of postoperative complications is also lower.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(TSPJ)against CCl4-induced acute liver injury(ALI)in rats and explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.Methods Male SD rat models of CCl4-induced ALI were given intraperitoneal injections of distilled water,100 mg/kg biphenyl bisabololol,or 50,100,and 200 mg/kg TSPJ during modeling(n=8).Liver functions(AST,ALT,TBil and ALP)of the rats were assessed and liver pathologies were observed with HE staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway molecules in liver tissue;ELISA was used to determine the levels of T-SOD,GSH-Px,and MDA.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of PI3K-Akt and SIRT6-NF-κB pathways in the liver tissue.Results Network pharmacological analysis indicated that the key pathways including PI3K/Akt mediated the therapeutic effect of TSPJ on ALI.In the rat models of ALI,treatments with biphenyl bisabololol and TSPJ significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase of serum levels AST,ALT,ALP,TBil and MDA and decrease of T-SOD and GSH-Px levels(all P<0.01).The rat models of ALI showed significantly increased expression of p-NF-κB(P<0.01),decreased expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and SIRT6 proteins,and elevated expression levels of p-NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the liver,which were all significantly improved in the treatment groups(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion TSPJ can effectively alleviate CCl4-induced ALI in rats by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the liver viaregulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT6/NF-κB pathways.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(TSPJ)against CCl4-induced acute liver injury(ALI)in rats and explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.Methods Male SD rat models of CCl4-induced ALI were given intraperitoneal injections of distilled water,100 mg/kg biphenyl bisabololol,or 50,100,and 200 mg/kg TSPJ during modeling(n=8).Liver functions(AST,ALT,TBil and ALP)of the rats were assessed and liver pathologies were observed with HE staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway molecules in liver tissue;ELISA was used to determine the levels of T-SOD,GSH-Px,and MDA.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of PI3K-Akt and SIRT6-NF-κB pathways in the liver tissue.Results Network pharmacological analysis indicated that the key pathways including PI3K/Akt mediated the therapeutic effect of TSPJ on ALI.In the rat models of ALI,treatments with biphenyl bisabololol and TSPJ significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase of serum levels AST,ALT,ALP,TBil and MDA and decrease of T-SOD and GSH-Px levels(all P<0.01).The rat models of ALI showed significantly increased expression of p-NF-κB(P<0.01),decreased expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and SIRT6 proteins,and elevated expression levels of p-NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the liver,which were all significantly improved in the treatment groups(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion TSPJ can effectively alleviate CCl4-induced ALI in rats by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the liver viaregulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT6/NF-κB pathways.

ObjectiveTo explore the underlying mechanism of bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma （AR） in improving gastrointestinal function by comparing the effects of raw AR and bran-fried AR on the small intestine tissue structure and transport-related protein carriers in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. MethodSeventy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， high- and low-dose raw AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and a compound glutamine group （9 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the other six groups were subjected to the spleen deficiency model induced by the method of bitter and cold breaking stagnated Qi and abnormal hunger and fullness for 21 days. After modeling， each treatment group was given medication orally according to the corresponding doses every day for a total of 14 days， and the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline orally. During the treatment period， the general survival status， macroscopic syndrome score， daily increase in body weight and food intake， and rectal temperature of the spleen deficiency rats were evaluated， and after the treatment， the rats were sacrificed. The pathological changes in the small intestine tissues of each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the content of serum D-xylose， lactate， and amylase was detected by colorimetry. The levels of free fatty acid receptor 3 （FFA3） and peptide transporter 1 （PepT1） in small intestinal tissues were detected by the Bradford method， and the protein expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 （SGLT1） and glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1） in small intestinal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 （GLUT2）， sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 （NHE3）， and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 （5-HT4R）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited symptoms of spleen deficiency， such as sluggishness， squint， reduced food intake， and lethargy at the end of modelling， damaged basic structure of the small intestinal mucosal epithelium and lamina propria， increased serum lactate and 5-HT content， and decreased serum amylase and D-xylose （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed varying degrees of improvement， with the small intestinal microstructure repaired to different degrees. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency improved to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased to varying degrees， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased to varying degrees. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased to varying degrees. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the high- and low-dose raw AR groups， the high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups showed significant improvement in general conditions and histopathological improvement of the small intestinal tissues. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency also improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBran-fried AR can improve the spleen deficiency-related symptoms and histopathology of the small intestinal tissues in spleen deficiency model rats. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of various transport-related protein carriers and the secretion of various digestive enzymes after stir-frying of AR， thus restoring the absorption and transport function of the small intestine.