OBJECTIVE:To discuss the necessity and rationality of drug manufacturing market access system in China and to introduce the economic value of which so as to provide references for its promotion and evolvement.METHODS:Model was built by applying regulation theory and the qualitative and quantitative investigation and analysis of which were carried out.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:Drug manufacturing market access system in China is essential,access control of which should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To give some information for developing,using and integrating the available resources of R&D efficiently and accelerating the R&D of new drugs.METHODS:Using scale economic and imitational innovational theory,the current situation of R&D of new drugs at home and abroad were dicussed in terms of resource organization and selection of topic.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Development of scale economics can benefit the R&D of new drugs in China and imita?tional innovation is a practical way in the present stage.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the reformation of private drug wholesale enterprises in Chi?na.METHODS:The private drug wholesale enterprises in China were analyzed in respect to its strength,weakness,opportuni?ties and threats.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Losing no chances for the reforming of the private drug wholesale enterprises in China is helpful to its development.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a new idea for enhancement of core competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and supply advice for building virtual marketing network.METHODS:The concept and theory of virtual management and virtual marketing network were interpreted and analyzed according to the status quo of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Virtual marketing network is a new idea for the development of pharmaceutical enterprises.Enterprises should establish a standard cooperative relation with the dealers in order to prevent risks and promote core competitiveness of enterprises.

Peliosis hepatis is a rare benign hepatic vascular disease.There is the lack of specific clinical features and preoperative diagnosis.A patient with intermittent liver area pain was admitted to the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin in April 2014.The patient with space-occupying lessions of the right lobe of liver was preliminarily diagnosed as with hepatocellular tumor or vasogenic tumor by computed tomography and B ultrasound examinations and then received liver resection combined with cholecystectomy.The result of postoperative pathological examination confirmed peliosis hepatis with adenomatous hyperplasia of liver cells.The patient was followed up till October 20,2014 without recurrence.

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the efficiency of drug safety supervision in Guangdong priovince and provide optimization suggestion for improving the construction of drug safety supervision system. METHODS ：Taking 21 cities in Guangdong province as samples ， the supervision input （supervision funds investment ， supervision and inspection of enterprises）-output（the rate of administrative penalty and qualified rate of sampling inspection ）data were collected from 2017 to 2018. Super-efficiency data envelopment analysis （DEA）model and Malmqusit index were used to analyze the efficiency of drug safety supervision from both static and dynamic point of view. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：In static efficiency evaluation ， average drug safety supervision super-efficiency DEA in Guangdong province was 0.810，and the overall efficiency of drug safety supervision was in the low level ；among different cities ，there were obvious differences in supervision efficiency ；DEA values of only 5 cities（Shenzhen，Zhanjiang，Shaoguan，Qingyuan，Yangjiang）were higher than 1 and had achieved relatively effective results，while those of remaining cities were all invalid. In dynamic efficiency evaluation ，average Malmqusit index of drug safety supervision in Guangdong province was 0.787，which was decreased by 21.30％ in 2018 than 2017；the level of drug safety supervision in the whole province was declining ，and the main reason for the decline in the efficiency of drug safety supervision was technical backwardness ；technical efficiency played a promoter role in supervision efficiency to a certain extent. It is suggested that the efficiency improvement of drug safety supervision should further optimize resource allocation ，strengthen the level of supervision technical innovation ，expand the supervision scale ，and coordinate regional regulatory balance according to local conditions，so as to improve the construction of drug safety supervision system in Guangdong province.

OBJECTIVE：To stu dy the effects of R&D expense additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ， and to provide reference for improving R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. METHODS ：Based on the data of Chinese pharmaceutical listed enterprises during 2012-2019，regression discontinuity design and descriptive method were adopted to analyze the effect of R&D expenses additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. RESULTS ：Both R&D investment and the main business profit margin had significant “jump”at the policy cutoff point ，and the policy effect coefficient of the R&D expenses additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were 0.310 and －1.197 respectively（P＜0.001）. The policy effect coefficient of the policy on R&D investment in the eastern region was 0.413（P＜0.001），while the effect on central and western regions were not significant ；the policy effect coefficient of the policy on R&D investment of large-scale and small- and medium-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were 0.502 and 0.264 respectively（P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS ：On the whole ，R&D expenses additional deduction policy has a positive incentive impact on R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ，but does not have a positive incentive impact on the profitability which is greatly affected by other factors. The policy has regional differences in the incentive impact on R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ；the incentive impact of the policy on the R&D investment of large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is better than that of small-and medium-scale one. It is recommended to improve the R&D expenses additional deduction policy ，reasonably increase the profit margin of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ，adjust the policy for different regions and focus on guiding policies to favor small- and medium-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry，so as to improve the R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.

The revised revision of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Medical Regulations passed in 2022 is an important institutional innovation in China, while many problems still need to be solved in the specific practice and application. This paper compared the practical development characteristics of the living will system between China and Japan, and analyzed the relationship between doctor-patients relationship under the intervention of the living will system and the symbolic representation mechanism of living will by using the semiotics theory. According to the links of "addresser-symbolic text" and "symbolic text-addressee", the six types of problems faced by current living will system in China were discussed, and the relevant experience and enlightenment were summarized to provided reference for the development of the living will system in China.

As a Chinese saying goes， "good Chinese medicinal material makes good medicine"， the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is related to the development prospect of Chinese medicine industry in China. With the rapid development of new technologies such as traceability methods and monitoring instruments， it is imperative to integrate and innovate traditional Chinese herbal medicines with new-generation information technology in view of the quality problems existing in the current production and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines， and it is of great significance for the construction of traceability system to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese herbal medicines and to promote the industry of Chinese herbal medicines to move towards high-quality development. This paper reviews the development history of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines in China， takes the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as the entry point， and proposes that the construction of the traceability system should satisfy the traceability requirements of the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and their traditional medication experience. By analyzing the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， it is pointed out that focusing on the influencing factors to build a traceability system is of great significance for targeting the problematic links at a later stage and exploring the interrelationship between environmental factors and the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Based on the previous explorations， the author summarizes the system framework， functional modules and practical applications of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines， and looks forward to the development of a traceability system with risk early warning function and expert decision-making function in its functional development. Finally， based on the factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， the author puts forward several thoughts on construction of the traceability system， and makes an in-depth analysis and puts forward a solution for the current situation that a unified， standardized and universal traceability system has not yet been built， with a view to providing ideas and references for the construction of traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines.