BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite/col agen combined with mononuclear cel s can promote the growth of a variety of stem cel s to induce the formation of new bone and vascularization, final y inducing osteogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of bone marrow mononuclear cel s combined with the nano-hydroxyapatite/col agen for repair of mandibular defects in a rabbit.
METHODS:Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were selected to prepare bilateral mandibular bone defect models, and then divided into three groups. In experiment group, bone marrow mononuclear cel s combined with the nano-hydroxyapatite/col agen were implanted into mandibular defects;in control group, nano-hydroxyapatite/col agen scaffold was implanted;and in blank control group, nothing was implanted. Tissue specimens were prepared at weeks 4, 8, 12 for gross observation, imaging analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The imaging examination and histological staining showed that the bone quality and healing degree in the experimental group was better than those in the other groups. Scanning electron microscope showed that better histocompatibility and no inflammation reaction in the experimental group. Dental CT data showed that the experimental group had better repair effect than the other groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that bone marrow mononuclear cel s combined with the nano-hydroxyapatite/col agen have capacity of bone induction and bone formation, which can be used to repair mandibular defects.

Objective:To explore the inflammatory responses of macrophages treated with Helicobacter pylori. Methods:Cytokines IL-23,IL-10,TNF-α and IL-8 in cell culture supernatant of macrophages stimulated with Helicobacter pylori were determined by ELISA kits,and the expression of intracellular proteins NOS2 and COX2 in Helicobacter pylori treated macrophages was analyzed by Western blot. Then,the apoptosis of Helicobacter pylori stimulated macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. Results:The secretion of cytokines IL-23,IL-10,TNF-α and IL-8 in the culture supernatant of Helicobacter pylori treated macrophages increased significantly (P<0. 05),and the expression of NOS2 and COX2 was enhanced evidently(P<0. 05). Meanwhile,helicobacter pylori could induce the apoptosis of macrophages obviously ( P<0. 03 ) . Conclusion: The inflammatory responses of macrophages treated with Helicobacter pylori would be promoted to inhibit or kill Helicobacter pylori,furthermore,Helicobacter pylori could induce the apotosis of macropha-ges.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of total flavone of haw-thorn leaf ( TFHL) on p38MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation factors in rats brain with chronic cere-bral ischemia.Methods SPF class healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group,TFHL group and Ginkgo leaf group( 12 rats in each group) .Permanent bilateral carotid artery ligation was used to prepare chronic cerebral ischemia model.Morris water maze method was used to evaluate learn-ing and memory abilities of rats.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to measure the expression of caspase-3 and p38MAPK proteins.ELISA method was used to measure the amounts of TNF-αand IL-1βin hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the model group,TFHL treatment (36 d) can im-prove learning and memory capabilities of vascular dementia rats,shorten the escape latency ( TFHL group(10.01±2.85) s vs Model group (19.54±6.12) s, P<0.05) and the course of searching platform(TFHL group(2.6044±0.3219)m vs model group(3.3502±0.6231)m, P<0.05),increase the numbers of crossing the platform (TFHL group(5.17±2.12) times vs Model group (3.96±1.34) time,s P<0.05) and the platform quadrant swimming distance percentage (TFHL group(48.22±7.39)%vs model group (33.42±5.32) %, P<0.01).The number of caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus significantly reduced (TFHL group(1.677 ±0.164) vs Model group (2.387±0.171), P<0.05),the expression level of P38MAPK protein (TFHL group (0.0161±0.0003) vs Model group (0.0254±0.0018), P<0.05),TNF-α(TFHL group(19.61±3.61) ng/10 mg vs Model group (27.82±6.57) ng/10 mg, P<0.01)and IL-1β(TFHL group(24.41±2.56) ng/10 mg vs Model group (29.43±5.26) ng/10 mg, P<0.05) were significantly decreased.Conclusion TFHL plays a protective role in nerve function of the chronic cerebral ischemia rats.The mechanism of its antia-poptosis might be associated with the activation of P 38MAPK signaling pathway,inflammation and the apoptosis of neurons in the brain.

Osteosarcoma is the most common aggressive malignancy of bone.Recent studies have discovered that exosomes can mediate intercellular transfer of biologically active molecules such as RNAs, dsDNA, and miRNAs.The specific membrane struc-ture and contents of exosomes are widely engaged into the exchange of material and information among tumor cells, which play an im-portant role in regulating the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma, mediating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-βsignaling and inducing tumor cell immune escape.Exosomes derived from osteosarcoma cells with antigen-presenting cells cause significant anti-tumor effect by activating the immune response.Research on exosomes has therefore opened up a new avenue for treatment of osteosar-coma.In this article we review the role of exosomes in pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and its potential application on diagnosis and treat-ment of osteosarcoma.

Objective To introduce a new design of interlocking system which is easy in use, makes the distal fracture fragments well aligned and rigidly fixated, reduces exposure to radiation for the surgeon and patient, and allows for a decrease in operating time. Methods The new interlocking system was designed to be a self-locking nail with bevels (b-SLN). According to the bevel principle, the axial force of the nail should be turned into a transverse force so as to control the transverse nail's movement. 10 dry-bone simples were made into the fracture model of the middle-femur to test the prototype nail. The retention of the nail in the intramedullary cavity was evaluated by the radiogram. The mechanical properties of a simulated model of single leg loading were tested on the instron-1342 type MTS. Results The prototype nail performed well as designed. The process was stable and reliable. The retention in the intramedullary cavity was fine. The shearing force between the transverse nail and main nail was enough to cut anything around them. The mechanical properties of b-SLN were similar to those of the Grosse-Kempf nail, better than auto fork compress locked intramedullary nail, and much better than MHUA nail and Ender's nail. Conclusions The structure of b-SLN is simple and reliable. There is no focus-point under stress. Its biomechanic properties are satisfactory. It is easy to use with no need of fluoroscopes in the operating theatre.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of lentivirus-mediated microRNA-21 RNAi on biological behaviors in human hepatic cancer cells.MethodsMicroRNA-21 specific siRNA gene was synthesized and cloned into the recombinant lentiviral vector,pGCSIL-GFP.HepG2 cells were infected by microRNA-21 siRNA recombinant lentivirus (miR-21-siRNA-Ⅳ).The HepG2 cells were devided into SI group,NC group and N group in vitro.The expression of the targets of miR-21 was detected by RT-PCR.Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay.The invasion was dectected by tmnswell method.Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258.BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into SI group and NC group.The growth of transplant tumors in BALB/c nude mice were observed.Results ( 1 ) The expression level of miR-21 was inhibited significantly by miR-21-siRNA-lⅣ.(2) The proliferation of HepG2 was also markedly suppressed in MTT at the 96 h point ( P =0.0031,P ＜ 0.05 ).(3) The number of cells that migrated through the chamber of SI group decreased ( P =0.0004,P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) The cell apopotosis in SI group increased markedly.In addition,the caspase 3 mRNA significantly increased ( P =0.0002,P ＜ 0.05 ).( 5 ) Tumor growth curve was not statistically different between groups ( P =0.0002,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsMicroRNA-21 specific siRNA suppresses the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells and induces tumor cell apoptosis inhibiting the growth of transplanted tumor in Balb/c nude mice.

s:Bone allografts have been successfully used in repairing bone defect caused by tumor, infection or trauma. The mechanism of bone-healing of allografts has been widely studied. The article reviews the factors affecting the bone-healing of allografts.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vascularized composite flap with iliac crest and nternal oblique muscle of abdomen for half mandibular reconstruction.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to Sept. 2013, 14 cases with half mandibular defect after tumor resection were treated with composite flap of iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen pedicled by deep circumflex iliac vessels. During operation, one group performed tumor resection and got the recipient area vessels ready for anastomosis. The other group performed harvesting of composite flap. Then the flap was trimmed and fixed to construct the defect with vessel anastomosis.

RESULTSAll the 14 composite flaps survived with local infection only in 1 case. The size of harvested iliac crest ranged from 6 cm x 3 cm to 9 cm x 3 cm. The size of harvested internal oblique muscle of abdomen ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 7 cm x 5 cm. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 26 months (mean, 13 months) with satisfactory results and no complication. Mandibular panoramic radiographs showed new bone formation and good union.

CONCLUSIONSVascularized composite flap with iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen has the advantages of abundant bone volume, as well as soft tissue reconstruction in one stage. The reconstructed mandible can attain normal function and appearance.

Abdominal Muscles ; transplantation ; Abdominal Wall ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Mandibular Reconstruction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation

Objective To investigate the effect of selectively upward placement of acetabular implants on limb length and post?operative function of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients with shortened legs during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Twenty?six cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip received THA between January 2008 and December 2013, in?cluding 12 cases of Crowe typeⅠ, 8 of Crowe typeⅡ, 6 of Crowe typeⅢ. There were 5 males and 21 females with an average age of 62.7 years (range, 36-80 years). The left hip was involved in 9 cases and the right hip in 17 cases. The preoperative mean Har?ris score was 42.30±12.84, and the preoperative mean WOMAC score was 59.08±13.84 at the last follow?up. The anteroposterior X?ray films and CT scan of the pelvis, anteroposterior and lateral X?ray films of the femur, and TraumaCad analysis were conducted routinely preoperation. More than 70%of the bone?implant interface was covered by appropriate upward distance of acetabular im?plant. Results The follow?up time ranged from 6 to 73 months (mean, 36 months). The Harris score improved to 91.18±7.09, and WOMAC score reduced to 9.85±3.75. According to postoperative measurement, affected limb had been lengthened by 0-5 mm in 8 cases, 6-10 mm in 5 cases, 11-15 mm in 5 cases,>15 mm in 7 cases, and shortening increased 1 mm in 1 case, but the average lengthening was 9.23±7.54 mm. The upward distance of acetabular implant was 0-5 mm in 10 cases, 6-10 mm in 7 cases and>10 mm in 9 cases. The average lengthening was 6.60±6.72 mm in patients having 0-5 mm upward distance, 11.90±5.64 mm in patients having 6-10 mm upward distance and 10.11 ± 9.35 mm in patients having>15 mm upward distance, showing no significant differ?ence. The leg length discrepancy was-3.70±6.43 mm in patients having 0-5 mm upward distance, 1.71±6.24 mm in patients having 6-10 mm upward distance and 0.56 ± 7.70 mm in patients having>15 mm upward distance, showing no significant difference. Con?clusion The limb length could be improved by selectively upward placement of acetabular implants in developmental dysplasia of the hip patients with anatomically abnormal acetabulum during THA, with reasonable preoperative design and corrective operation.

Ewing's sarcoma is a kind of bone and soft tissue tumor which is highly invasive and mainly occurres in children and adolescents.In recent years,combined chemotherapy,surgery and radiation therapy in treatment of Ewing's sarcoma,patients' prognosis and life quality have been significantly improved.However,over the past 20 years,the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma entered the platform period.The 5-year overall survival rate remained at 55％-75％.Multiple metastasis and recurrence are the main factors of poor prognosis and death.Chemotherapy,radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapy are still the main methods for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.The side effects,drug resistance and the use of the combination regimen of antitumor drugs have been plaguing the clinical workers.In order to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the toxic side effects,Multi-disciplinary and multi-center clinical studies on Ewing's sarcoma patients who suffered from local control or recurrence have been launched by Domestic and European and American countries.As an important supplementary mean for the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma,patients often appear a series of complications after radiotherapy,including the risk of local damage or secondary tumors.Therefore,it is necessary to further clarify the indications of radiotherapy and the timing of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy.The specific chromosome translocation and the expression of the fusion gene EWS/FLI 1 have been found in Ewing sarcoma.Nevertheless,the mechanisms that drive tumor relapse and metastasis remain unknown.Molecular targeted therapy can be used to inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by regulating the upstream or downstream target genes of EWS/ FLI1.In conclusion understanding of the current treatment status of Ewing's sarcoma,results of multi-center clinical trials and theory of genomics research will contribute to the design of new biological therapies so as to establish individualized treatment modalities.In this paper,we present a review on the progress of Ewing sarcoma chemotherapy,radiotherapy,molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy.