Objective To investigate the effect of Shenfu injectio on insulin resistance in rabbits undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) . Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.2-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group Ⅰ CPB and group Ⅰ CPB + Shenfu injectio (group SFI). In group IE (group SFI) Shenfii injectio 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) once a day for 2 days and at 30 min before anesthesia. In group Ⅱ and Ⅲ the duration between aortic cross-clamping and unclamping was 60 min. MAP was maintained at 50-60 mm Hg during CPB. The plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured immediately after induction of anesthesia (T_1), immediately after aortic cross-clamping (T_2) , and at 5, 35 and 75 min after aortic unclamping (T_3, T_4 , T_5) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3Kp85) and glucose transporters (CLUT4) in skeletal muscle was detected at 150 min of CPB by immuno-histochemistry. Results Compared with the baseline values at T_1 , plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly increased at T_(2-5) in all 3 groups ( P < 0.05) . CPB significantly increased the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR at T_(2-5) in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with group S ( P < 0.05). The expression of PI3Kp85 and GLUT4 in muscle was significantly decreased in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with group S ( P < 0.05). Shenfu injectio significantly decreased plasma glucose concentration and HOMA-IR and increased plasma insulin concentration in group fD as compared with group Ⅱ . Shenfu injectio significantly attenuated the CPB-induced changes in IRS-1, PI3Kp85 and GLUT4 expression in muscle. Conclusion Shenfu injectio can ameliorate CPB-induced insulin resistance and the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of insulin signal transduction molecules in skeletal muscle.

Objective To explore the influence of 8-week aerobic exercise in heart rate variability (HRV)in obese adolescents and to provide the evidence for formulating special exercise prescription.Methods Forty male obese adolescents (BMI≥25 kg·m-2 )were randomly divided into exercise group (n=20)and control group (n=20). The subjects in exercise group conducted a 8-week (five times/week,50-60 min)aerobic exercise while those in control group maintained their routine lifestyle. The body composition, hemodynamic parameters including heart rate(HR)and blood pressure and HRV parameters including total power (TP),normalized low frequency (LFn), normalized high frequency (HFn)and LFn/HFn ratio were measured before and after experiment.Results There were no significant differences of the indicators of the subjects between two groups before experiment (P>0.05). At the end of experiment,compared before experiment,the fat mass(FM),the percentage of body fat(BF%), the rest HR,SBP and DBP were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the TP and HFn were increased(P<0.01);the LFn and LFn/HFn ratio were reduced (P<0.01)in exercise group after experiment;but the indexes of the subjects in control group showed no significant changes (P>0.05).Compared control group,the FM,the BF%, the rest HR,SBP,DBP,LFn and LFn/HFn ratio were decreased while the TP and HFn were increased (P<0.01)in exercise group after experiment.Conclusion Aerobic exercise may effectively reduce the sympathetic activity and increase the vagal tone in the obese adolescents.

Objective To provide theoretical and experimental proof for selecting and implying Tourette's syndrome(TS) animal models, validities of four TS models induced by chemical factors were compared. Methods Four TS models,namely AMP model,APO model,DO1 model and IDPN model were built up by using different chemical modeling agents. Through detecting spontaneous movement, climbing time and monoamine transmitters levels in striatum, four TS animal models were compared and evaluated from three levels of validities-face, prediction,construct. Results Compared with control group, spontaneous movement times raised ( t = 4. 746, P =0. 000) and level of DOPAC ( (0.99 ± 0. 177 ) ng/mg) in striatum increased (P = 0.029 ), and level of NE in striatum decreased in AMP model group( (0.11 ± 0.033 )ng/mg, P = 0.012). Compared with control group, climbing time prolonged (P = 0. 004) and levels of DA ( ( 10. 19 ± 1.23 ) ng/mg), 5-HT ( ( 0. 54 ± 0.08 ) ng/mg) in striatum raised(P=0. 019, P=0. 002),at the same time ,levels of DOPAC( (0.63 ±0.11 )ng/mg),HVA ((0.45 ±0.04 ) ng/mg) in striatum reduced (P ＜ 0.01 ) in APO model group; Compared with control group, levels of DA ( ( 13.66 ± 1.55 ) ng/mg), DOPAC( (0.80 ±0. 11 ) ng/mg), HVA( ( 1.04 ± 0.14) ng/mg) grew downwards in striatum of DOI model mice(P=0.029,P=0.001, P= 0.004). Compared with control group, level of 5-HT in striatum increased in IDPN300 group ( (0.77 ± 0.09) ng/mg, P = 0.031 ). ConclusionFace validity of AMP model is temporal and that of IDPN model is steady and persistent. AMP model,APO model and DOI model possess predictive validity. AMP model,APO model,DOI model and IDPN model have potentiality of becoming construct validity model.

In the development of radio frequency (RF) coils for better quality of the mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imager for using in the small animal imaging, the solenoid RF coil has a special advantage for permanent magnetic system based on analyses of various types.of RF coils. However, it is not satisfied for imaging if the RF coils are directly used. By theoretical analyses of the magnetic field properties produced from the solenoid coil, the research direction was determined by careful studies to raise further the uniformity of the magnetic field coil, receiving coil sensitivity for signals and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method had certain advantages and avoided some shortcomings of the other different coil types, such as, birdcage coil, saddle shaped coil and phased array coil by using the alloy materials (from our own patent). The RF coils were designed, developed and made for keeled applicable to permanent magnet-type magnetic resonance imager, multi-coil combination-type, single-channel overall RF receiving coil, and applied for a patent. Mounted on three instruments (25 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.5 T or 1.5 T, and 50 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.48 T), we performed experiments with mice, rats, and nude mice bearing tumors. The experimental results indicated that the RF receiving coil was fully applicable to the permanent magnet-type imaging system.
Animals ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; Magnets ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radio Waves ; Rats

AIM:To investigate the changes of brain-derived neruotrophic factor(BDNF),tyrosine kinase B(TrkB) in rat cortex and hippocampus with chronic immobilization stress and the influence of three Chinese formulas(Xiaoyaosan,Sijunzitang,Jinkuishenqiwan) on them.METHODS:Chronic immobilization stress method(180 min daily,repeated 7 days or 21 days) was taken,and the changes of BDNF,TrkB in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were measured by immunohistochemistry integrated image analysis.RESULTS:The contents of BDNF in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were obviously lower in the model group of 7 days and 21 days than those in the normal control group(P

Objective To understand the defluoridation effect in the historical severe endemic fluorosis areas of Shandong Province,and to analyze characteristics of children's dental fluorosis and related factors.Methods In 2015,using cross-sectional survey,11 villages in historical severe endemic fluorosis counties were selected for water fluoride test according to previous investigation of endemic diseases in Shandong Province.In which,4 normal water fluoride villages,4 excessive water fluoride villages and 3 villages without water improvement were included.Dental fluorosis in children aged 7 to 12 was examined and urine fluoride was measured.Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting the detection rate of dental fluorosis.Results A total of 732 children aged 7 to 12 were examined,with total detection rate of dental fluorosis 73.2％ (536/732).The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 31.0％ (65/210),86.7％ (176/203) and 92.5％ (295/319) in the villages with normal,excessive and without water improvement villages,respectively.And the differences were statistically significant (x2 =270.498,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence of dental fluorosis in girls (77.4％,264/341) was significantly higher than that in boys (69.6％,272/391,x2 =5.337,P ＜ 0.05),and the dental fluorosis prevalence in elderly group (10-12 years old,76.9％,382/497) was higher than that of younger group (7-9 years old,65.5％,154/235),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10.445,P ＜ 0.05).In water fluoride normal villages,the detection rate of dental fluorosis in girls (40.0％,36/90) was higher than that in boys (24.2％,29/120,x2 =6.033,P ＜ 0.05).In water fluoride unqualified villages,the dental fluorosis prevalence rates in boys and girls were 89.7％ (243/271) and 90.8％ (228/251),and the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.202,P ＞ 0.05).The urinary fluoride content of children with dental fluorosis was higher than that of non-fluorosis children [(4.5 ± 2.7) vs (1.9 ± 1.5) mg/L,t =-8.125,P ＜ 0.01].Logistic analysis showed that the risk of children's dental fluorosis in unqualified water fluoride village was 14.362 times high than that of normal water fluoride villages.The risk of dental fluorosis in children with high urinary fluoride was 2.497 times higher than that in normal urinary fluoride group.The risk of detecting moderate and severe fluorosis in children in the elderly group was 2.270 times higher than that in the younger group.The risk of detecting moderate and severe dental fluorosis in girls was 1.988 times higher than that in boys.The risk of detecting moderate and severe dental fluorosis in children in unqualified water fluoride villages was 49.190 times higher than that in normal water fluoride villages.Conclusions Water-quality-improvement project is an effective means to control the epidemic of dental fluorosis in children in severe fluorosis areas.Age,gender and water fluoride are influencing factors associated with dental fluorosis.

Objective:To analyze the iodine content distribution of drinking water in Jingdezhen City, and master the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), so as to provide a basis for adopting targeted control measures and scientific adjustment of control and prevention strategies.Methods:According to the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program" and the "National Water Iodine Content Survey Program for Drinking Water", the surveillance of IDD in Jingdezhen City was carried out from 2017 to 2020. Household edible salt samples from pregnant women and students aged 8 to 10 were collected to detect salt iodine content, and urine samples were collected to detect urinary iodine. Thyroid volume of students was measured by B-ultrasonography, and the rate of goiter was calculated. In 2017, the iodine content of drinking water in Jingdezhen City was investigated, and the results were analyzed.Results:From 2017 to 2020, a total of 1 800 students were examined for thyroid gland, and 11 students were found to have goiter, with an goiter rate of 0.61%. A total of 3 201 edible salt samples and 3 201 urine samples were collected from students, the median of salt iodine was 24.96-26.40 mg/kg, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.50%-99.50%, and the median of urinary iodine was 172.56-218.35 μg/L. A total of 1 600 edible salt samples and 1 600 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, the median of salt iodine was 24.40-25.38 mg/kg, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.25%-98.00%, and the median of urinary iodine was 161.55-205.60 μg/L. In 2017, a total of 667 water samples were collected from 52 villages and towns in 4 counties and districts. The median of water iodine of the 4 counties and districts was 0.6-3.2 μg/L, and that of the 52 villages and towns was 0.3-12.3 μg/L.Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of students and pregnant women in Jingdezhen City is generally at an appropriate level, but the iodine content of drinking water is low. It is suggested to strengthen the health education and health promotion of IDD among key population, guide the residents to supplement iodine scientifically, and continuously eliminate the harm of IDD.

We developed a three-dimensional mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in our lab. The purposes of this study were (1) for further development of MRI technologies, (2) for support of broadening practices of animal test modeling in medical research, and (3) for training more specialists from colleges or universities in the field of MRI. This paper describes the research and development at our lab(s), especially stressing on the design of the main magnet, the gradient coil and the radio frequency coil. In addition, the specific methodologies used in our lab(s) and the related data are emphasized. The 3D MRI technologies have met the needs of using small animals, super thin sections of live animal body and high imaging resolutions. MRI images of mice head and abdominal have been obtained successfully by using the imager that we developed. The imaging results and analyses have also been discussed.
Animals ; Equipment Design ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Mice

Objective:To evaluate the effect of health education of a three-year special action for prevention and control of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis (referred to as drinking water-borne fluorosis) in Shandong Province, and to provide basis for formulating health education measures in the next step.Methods:Nineteen of the disease affected counties (cities and districts) were selected as project counties (cities and districts) in key areas for prevention and control of drinking water-borne fluorosis in Shandong Province in 2018, and 50 disease affected counties (cities and districts) were selected in 2019, and the project counties (cities and districts) were expanded to all of the 105 disease affected counties (cities and districts) in Shandong Province in 2020. Three disease affected townships (towns) were selected in each county (city and district), and health education activities on drinking water-borne fluorosis were carried out in Grade 4 to Grade 6 of the central primary schools and the three villages under its jurisdiction. Students and housewives were selected to conduct questionnaire surveys on prevention and control knowledge of drinking water-borne fluorosis before and after health education. The incidence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 years was investigated annually in 6 villages (with children aged 8 - 12 years > 50) , where health education activity was implemented and the incidence of dental fluorosis among children was > 30%, water fluoride content was > 1.5 mg/L and water improvement time was < 5 years.Results:After health education, the awareness rates of drinking water-borne fluorosis in fifth grade pupils [92.46% (4 571/4 944) vs 65.80% (3 334/5 067) in 2018; 94.84% (12 897/13 599) vs 73.55% (9 993/13 587) in 2019; 95.59% (30 407/ 31 809) vs 77.52% (24 463/31 557) in 2020] and housewives [94.12% (2 400/2 550) vs 76.04% (1 939/2 550) in 2018; 94.99% (6 412/6 750) vs 72.00% (4 860/6 750) in 2019; 95.53% (16 183/16 941) vs 78.43% (12 971/16 539) in 2020] were significantly improved (χ 2 = 1 070.47, 2 315.27, 4 456.40, 328.25, 1 294.80, 2 174.63, P < 0.05). After health education in 2020, there were significant differences in the correct answer rates of epidemic causes, hazards and preventive measures of drinking water-borne fluorosis in the questionnaire of fifth grade pupils and housewives (χ 2 = 390.78, 164.94, P < 0.05). The awareness rates of drinking water-borne fluorosis in fifth grade pupils and housewives in the eastern region (Qingdao City, Yantai City and Weifang City) were significantly higher than those in the western region (Dezhou City, Liaocheng City and Heze City) before health education (χ 2 = 547.43, 210.12, P < 0.05), and after health education, the awareness rates increased to more than 90%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children decreased year by year (χ 2trend = 27.95, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Through implementation of a three-year special action for prevention and control of drinking water-borne fluorosis in Shandong Province, the awareness rate of fluorosis among target populations has been significantly improved. However, it is still necessary for government departments to further increase investment in health education and carry out health education activities in a deep-going way.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial patches are used as an effective way to repair damaged myocardium,and there is controversy over which cells to use to make myocardial patches and how to maximize the therapeutic effect of myocardial patches in vivo. OBJECTIVE:To find out the best way to make myocardial patches by overviewing the cellular sources of myocardial patches and strategies for perfecting them. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed and Web of Science databases by using"cell sheet,cell patch,cardiomyocytes,cardiac progenitor cells,fibroblasts,embryonic stem cell,mesenchymal stem cells"as English search terms,and searched CNKI and Wanfang databases by using"myocardial patch,biological 3D printing,myocardial"as Chinese search terms.After enrollment screening,94 articles were ultimately included in the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The cellular sources of myocardial patches are mainly divided into three categories:somatic cells,monoenergetic stem cells,and pluripotent stem cells,respectively.There are rich sources of cells for myocardial patches,but not all of them are suitable for making myocardial patches,e.g.,myocardial patches made from fibroblasts and skeletal myoblasts carry a risk of arrhythmogenicity,and mesenchymal stem cells have a short in vivo duration of action and ethical concerns.With the discovery of induced multifunctional stem cells,a reliable source of cells for making myocardial patches is available.(2)There are two methods of making myocardial patches.One is using cell sheet technology.The other is using biological 3D printing technology.Cell sheet technology can preserve the extracellular matrix components intact and can maximally mimic the cell growth ring in vivo.However,it is still difficult to obtain myocardial patches with three-dimensional structure by cell sheet technology.Biologicasl 3D printing technology,however,can be used to obtain myocardial patches with three-dimensional structures through computerized personalized design.(3)The strategies for perfecting myocardial patches mainly include:making myocardial patches after co-cultivation of multiple cells,improving the ink formulation and scaffold composition in biological 3D printing technology,improving the therapeutic effect of myocardial patches,suppressing immune rejection after transplantation,and perfecting the differentiation and cultivation protocols of stem cells.(4)There is no optimal cell source or method for making myocardial patches,and myocardial patches obtained from a particular cell or technique alone often do not achieve the desired therapeutic effect.Therefore,researchers need to choose the appropriate strategy for making myocardial patches based on the desired therapeutic effect before making them.