Objective To assess the clinical curative effects of local injection of recombinant oncolytic adenovirus type 5 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods A total of 42 patients who had been definitely diagnosed as advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were recruited between 2010 and 2012 from general hospital of PLA.All inpatients were divided into two groups:group A with 22 patients,who were willing to treat the cancer by local injection of recombinant oncolytic adenovirus type 5 combined with radiochemotherapy; group B with 20 patients,who were willing to treat the cancer by radiochemotherapy.The dose and method of radiochemotherapy were same in both groups.The data of follow-up investigation were statistically analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in tumor size (P =0.673) between the two groups before treatment.The tumor shrinkage rate of group A was greater than that of group B after one month treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.034).Besides,there were no significant differences in side effects (P ＞ 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion The recombinant oncolytic adenovirus type 5 injection treatment combined with radiochemotherapy obviously enhanced the curative effect and reduced the side effects when it was applied through local injection method in treating advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma,which opens up a new way of effective treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.