Objective To explore the expressions of livin and Smac in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissue and their roles. Methods The expressions of Livin and Smac were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) in tissue specimens from the lesions of 58 patients with CA and foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The detection rates of Livin and Smac were 81.03% (47/58) and 77.59% (45/58) in CA lesions, respectively, compared to 25.00% (5/20) and 35.00% (7/20) in the controls, respectively. The expressions of Livin and Smac varied from positive (++) to strongly positive (+++) in CA lesions, and from negative (-) to positive (++) in the controls (both P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of Livin and Smac in CA lesions (r = 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is an over- expression of Livin and Smac in CA tissue, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CA.

Objective To study wrong diagnosis in the patients with epidemic hemorrhage fever in the early stage. Method To analyze the data such as the time of making wrong diagnosis,the wrong diagnosis,the department of treatment and the hospital of treatment before the diagnosis was made and the relationship between the clinical type and making wrong diagnosis. Results Making wrong diagnosis in the patients with epidemic hemorrhage fever was common (88.97%),and it was more happened in the early stage,in the non-typical and mild patients and in the lower grade hospitals.The wrong diagnosis rate (28.95%,11/38)was lower in the Infectious disease department than in the other department (93.65%),P

Since the first reported case of swine influenza A in Mexico,a total of 15 510 cases have been confirmed in 53 countries by May 29,2009.On April 29,2009,the World Health Organization(WHO)raised its pandemic alert from grade 4 to grade 5.The virus is described as a new subtype of A/H1N1 and is not detected in pigs or humans previously.The virus is sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir,but resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.The genetics of the virus are so novel that humans are unlikely to have much immunity to it.The virus can transmit from human to human;therefore it is necessary to enforce quarantine measure for close contactors because the virus transmits during latency.Precaution methods like covering noses and mouths with a tissue when coughing or sneezing can reduce the transmission opportunity.Hands should be washed frequently with soap,especially after coughing or sneezing.Public places with ventilation conditions,personal health behavior and health condition are critical for the prevention and control of this epidemic.

Several epidemic influenza viruses leading to worldwide periodical pandemics all result from the genetic reassortment of different influenza viruses.The novel 2009 A/H1N1 virus is a reassortment virus evolved from swine influenza virus A/H1N1,avian influenza virus H5N1,and human influenza virus A/H1N1.The 8 fragmente genes of the novel A/H1N1 virus had their own evolutionary characteristics.All the pandemic viruses in humans originate from avian influenza viruses and are transferred into humans after reassortment processes in pigs.Pigs as middle host and a mixing vessel of influenza A virus play an important role in the evolution of the 2009 novel A/H1N1 virus.More attention should be paid on the role of swine in the prevention and control of novel H1N1 virus epidemics in future.

Objective To explore the clonality of the T cells and the role of cellular immunological pathogenesis in chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC) by TCR CDR3 size spectratyping and determining sequence. Methods The TCR CDR3 region genes of 24 BV families were amplified by utilizing inverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology, and the CDR3 size lengths of T cell receptor (TCR) ?-chain were analyzed with Genescan technology for 4 healthy individuals and 9 AsCs. The clonality of T cells presumed by spectratyping was further confirmed by CDR3 sequencing. Results The CDR3 repertoire of 4 healthy individuals showed Gaussian distribution. The clonal expansions of T cell were observed in 8 out of 9 AsCs. The expanded T cells have different CDR3 sequences. Conclusion There is significantly clonal expansion in the compartment of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte in AsCs. The expanded T cells do not have homogenicity.

Objective To investigate the genotype and gene mutation of hepatitis E virus isolated from the serum and stool samples of the patients with epidemic outbreak hepatitis E in certain recruit barracks of Guangzhou. Methods The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the partial ORF2 nucleotide acid sequences of hepatitis E virus isolated from 34 and 46 inpatients with epidemic outbreak and sporadic hepatitis E respectively. The PCR products of the positive samples were cloned and sequenced. Results The 14 strains, including 12 epidemic strains and 2 sporadic strains, were isolated from the total 80 inpatients. The homology of nucleotide acid and amino acid sequences of 12 epidemic outbreak strains is 95.3%～100% and 94.0% ～100% . The homology between epidemic outbreak strains and sporadic strains is 95.3%～99.3% and 94.0%～100%. Compared with the standard different genotypes of HEV, these strains have the highest homology to the Jap1 strain which belongs to genotype Ⅳ, with homology of 96.0%～100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these the nucleotide acid sequence homology of 92.0%～95.3% and amino acid sequence stains and Jap1 strain share the same cluster. Conclusion[KG1]Epidemic outbreak strains isolated from the patients in recruit barracks of Guangzhou belong to the genotype Ⅳ of HEV and the nucleotide acid sequences had partial mutation.

OBJECTIVE To study the resistance of plasmid mediated AmpC ?-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,to detect and identify the AmpC genotype,and to provide the laboratory evidence for antibiotic reasonable application in clinics.METHODS Totally 108 strains of clinically isolated P.aeruginosa were determined antibiotic-resistant phenotype by K-B disc test,and cefoxitin three dimensional test was applied to screen AmpC positive strains.Plasmids were extracted from AmpC positive strains by SDS-alkali splitting technique.The depurated plasmid was used to amplify AmpC ?-lactamase genes by PCR.Positive PCR product was sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology Company.Gene homology of PCR product with other index sample gene sequences was compared.RESULTS There were 28 strains producing AmpC enzyme among 108 P.aeruginosa strains.AmpC Producing P.areuginosa strains displayed multidrug-resistance to antibiotics and a new P.areuginosa strain producing plasmid mediated CMY-7 type AmpC enzyme was discoverd firstly.CONCLUSIONS Presented plasmid mediated AmpC enzyme and AmpC type ?-lactamases in P.aeruginosa are its important resistant mechanism to antibiotics.A strain producing type CMY-7 plasmid mediated AmpC enzyme is found firstly in China.

To increase detection sensitivity and specificity on hepatitis C virus (HCV) is vital for prevention and controlling of the disease. To establish a more reliable detection method for HCV diagnosis, the full gene fragment of ns3 (non-structural protein of HCV) from recombinant plasmid of J6/JFH1 2a was amplified and then connected into the pET-28a prokaryotic expression vector, and the latter was subsequently transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to have the target protein expression. As a result, a protein with a molecular weight of 72 kDa was obtained and visualized in 10% SDS-PAGE. The purified NS3 protein was used as immunogen to inoculate BALB/c mice and the sera was collected after the fourth immunization. The antibody titer of serum is determined to be about 1:256000 with ELISA. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that the mouse polyclonal antibody could react specifically with the native NS3 protein in Huh 7.5.1 cells infected with HCV. These findings may provide basis for further preparation of monoclonal antibodies against NS3 and the development of related detection kit.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Hepacivirus ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of complex splenectomy.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 235 patients including 135 from Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,67 from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital,26 from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital,7 from 85 Hospital of PLA who underwent complex splenectomy from January 2005 to December 2015 were collected.All the patients received total splenectomy after splenic artery ligation.The observation indexes included:(1) surgical situations,(2) major complications including intraperitoneal hemorrhage,pulmonary complication,left subphrenic abscess and peritoneal effusion,(3) follow-up situations:portal vein (PV) complications (splenic venous thrombophlebitis,thrombosis of splenic vein and main portal vein thrombosis),survival of patients.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed up to March 2016,and patients received regularly ultrasound reexamination,computed tomography (CT) rescan,routine blood retest and coagulation function.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as-x ± s,and count data were analyzed using the chisquare test.Results (1) Surgical situations:of 235 patients,200 patients underwent secondary spleen pedicle severance and 35 patients underwent non-secondary spleen pedicle severance.Volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of splenic resection were (268 ± 103) mL and (82 ± 29) minutes.(2) Major complications:of 31 patients with postoperative complications,intraperitoneal hemorrhage was detected in 12 patients,pulmonary complication in 17 patients,left subphrenic abscess in 3 patients and massive peritoneal effusion in 21 patients.Some patients were combined with multiple symptoms.The patients with above complications were cured after reoperations and non-operative treatments.(3) Follow-up situations:PV complications:splenic venous thrombophlebitis was detected in 16 patients,thrombosis of splenic vein in 17 patients,thrombosis of splenic vein combined with main portal vein thrombosis in 7 patients,and they were improved after the treatments of antiinflammation,anti-coagulation and thrombolysis.The thrombi rate after splenectomy was 32.4％ (12/37) in patients with schistosoma-related cirrhosis and 8.1％ (12/149) in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis,with a statistically significant difference (x2 =10.9,P ＜ 0.05).Survival of patients:of 235 patients,228 were followed up for (7.9 ± 4.2) years,with good survival.Conclusion Complex splenectomy is safe and effective,and the key procedure determining the safety of complex splenectomy includes careful preoperative evaluation,delicate surgical technique,proper splenic pedicle severance and peritoneal wounds.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of surgical approaches in patients of gastric cancer with portal hypertension.Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with portal hypertension undergoing curative surgery for gastric cancer or simultaneous surgery for portal hypertension were retrospectively analyzed.Results The radical gastrectomy alone had no tremendous impact on postoperative liver function.But simultaneous surgery for portal hypertension affected patients' liver function dramatically (P =0.018).For those who underwent surgery for portal hypertension simultaneously,the incidence of complications in Child B patients was much higher than that in Child A patients (P =0.018).However,the incidence of complications did not differ between Child A and B patients who underwent radical gastrectomy alone.In addition,patients undergoing simultaneous surgery for portal hypertension had more severe complications than those who underwent radical gastrectomy only (P =0.042).Age ＞ 50 (P =0.012),tumor stage (P =0.015),and simultaneous surgery for portal hypertension (P =0.007) were the independent risk factors for postoperative liver dysfunction.The survival time of patients undergoing simultaneous surgery for portal hypertension was significantly shorter than that of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy only (in Child A patients,P =0.009,in Child B patients,P =0.000).Conclusions Individualized surgical approaches for the treatment of gastric cancer with portal hypertension should be decided by preoperative liver function.Simultaneous management of portal hypertension was not recommended.