Objective To apply chaos characteristics to prediction of the unilateral mastication.Methods The paper calculated the Largest Lyapunov Exponent of the masseter muscle of some males and females with a method from small data sets,which then was processed by reusable two-factor analysis of variance.Results The results shows that the signal of the masseter muscle has chaos characteristics,the male's Largest Lyapunov Exponent is higher that the female's,and the chaos degree of the masseter muscle on both sides is consistent nearly.Conclusion The Largest Lyapunov Exponent can be used to characterize the signal of the masseter muscle.Comparative Analysis of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent on both sides can be used as reference when to predict and diagnose the unilateral mastication.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognostic factors of brain metastasis from gynecological cancers.Methods Clinical records of 25 brain metastasis patients from gynecological cancers admitted from January 1999 to January 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.The curative effects of different treatments were compared.The prognostic factors were determined using the Cox regression model.Results There were 14 cases ovarian malignant tumor,6 cases cervical carcinoma and 5 cases uterine malignant tumor.Seven cases (28％,7/25 ) had solitary metastatic lesion in the brain.Extracranial metastases were detected in 18 cases (72％,18/25 ).Five patients only received one kind of treatment,and the mean survival time was 4.0 months (0.5 to 9.5 months).Sixteen patients received combined treatment,3 of them received combined treatment including surgery,and the mean survival time was 8.4 months (4.1 to 13.4 months) ; 13 of them received chemotherapy and radiotherapy,and the mean survival time was 14.2 months (4.3 to 58.1 months).Four patients received only palliative supportive care,and the survival time was only 0.1 to 1.0 month.The Cox regression model showed that Karnofsky performance status scale,with or without extracranial metastases and the treatment method were the independent prognostic factors of brain metastasis from gynecological cancers ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The incidence of brain metastasis from gynecological cancers is low and the prognosis is very poor.Combined treatments may get better effects.

Objective To analyse the clinical and pathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of vulvar Bowen's disease.Methods Clinical data including pathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment methods and follow-up of 18 cases with vulvar Bowen's disease admitted to Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences during January 1991 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of the 18 patients was 37 years (range:23 to 64 years).Sixteen patients had symptoms of vulvar itching and two patients had no symptom.Five cases were single neoplasm focus and the other 13 cases were multiple focuses.The diagnosis of vulvar Bowen's disease was according to the pathological diagnosis.Its diagnostic characteristic was giant round or ovoid cells with mono nucleolus in the whole layer of epidermis.All the patients received operation,eleven with simple vulvectomy and other seven cases with lumpectomy.The median follow-up time was 123 months (range:5 to 197 months).Relapse was found in two cases.One patient relapsed five months postoperation and received vulvectomy.Another patient relapsed fifteen moths post-operation and received lumpectomy again.And they were follow-up for 192months and 55 months respectively after second operation without relapse.Conclusions The diagnostic characteristic of vulvar Bowen's disease is giant round or ovoid cell with mono nucleolus in the whole layer of epidermis,itsdiagnosis is according to the pathological diagnosis.Operation could get very good curative effect for patients with primary vulvar Bowen's disease and even for the recurrent patients.The prognosis of vulvar Bowen's disease is good.

OBJECTIVE To study the resistance of plasmid mediated AmpC ?-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,to detect and identify the AmpC genotype,and to provide the laboratory evidence for antibiotic reasonable application in clinics.METHODS Totally 108 strains of clinically isolated P.aeruginosa were determined antibiotic-resistant phenotype by K-B disc test,and cefoxitin three dimensional test was applied to screen AmpC positive strains.Plasmids were extracted from AmpC positive strains by SDS-alkali splitting technique.The depurated plasmid was used to amplify AmpC ?-lactamase genes by PCR.Positive PCR product was sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology Company.Gene homology of PCR product with other index sample gene sequences was compared.RESULTS There were 28 strains producing AmpC enzyme among 108 P.aeruginosa strains.AmpC Producing P.areuginosa strains displayed multidrug-resistance to antibiotics and a new P.areuginosa strain producing plasmid mediated CMY-7 type AmpC enzyme was discoverd firstly.CONCLUSIONS Presented plasmid mediated AmpC enzyme and AmpC type ?-lactamases in P.aeruginosa are its important resistant mechanism to antibiotics.A strain producing type CMY-7 plasmid mediated AmpC enzyme is found firstly in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatments and prognostic factors of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the female genital tract. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 cases of RMS in the female genital tract. Clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis were compared and analyzed statistically. Results The median age was 21.0 years (range, 6 to 54 years). There were 6 cases vaginal RMS and 7 cases cervical RMS, included 11 cases of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 2 cases of alveolar RMS (ARMS). According to the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)staging system,there were 6 cases of stageⅠ, 3 cases of stageⅡ, 1 case of stageⅢand 3 cases of stage Ⅳ, the median survival time were respectively 112.5, 153.0, 9.0 and 3.5 months. According to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcom Study Group (IRSG) staging system, there were 10 cases of stageⅠ and 3 cases of the stage Ⅳ, and their median survival time were respectively 112.5 and 3.5 months. Nine patients received surgery and the median survival time was 108.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), 6 of them received chemotherapy after surgery and the median survival time was 152.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), the other 3 cases did not receive any therapy after surgery and the median survival time was 25.0 months (range, 9 to 108 months). Four patients did not receive surgery and the median survival time was 6.3 months (range, 1 to 117 months). There were 2 cases received combined treatment included radiotherapy and the survival time were respectively 4 and 198 months. There were 8 cases who was survival without disease and 5 cases died of cancer. The median survival time in 13 patients was 25.0 months (range, 1 to 228 months) and the 5-year overall survival rate was 58.6%. Conclusions The prognosis of early stage of RMS in the female genital tract is good. While, the prognosis of advanced stage is poor. The standard treatment strategy is combination of surgery and chemotherapy,whether radiotherapy could improve the prognosis still need further study.

Objective To investigate the mult-slice spiral CT(MSCT)imaging manifestations of bowel wall thickening due to nontumorous causes,and to address the value of MSCT scanning in assessing nontumorous bowel wall thickening.MethodsThe MSCT findings of 284 patients with bowel wall thickening due to nontumorous causes confirmed by surgery,biopsy,or clinical follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.The location,range,symmetric or asymmetric,degree,attenuation,presence or absence of enhancement and associated perienteric abnormalities of thickened bowel wall were involved.ResultsAll nontumorous disease caused bowel wall thickening include liver cirrhosis(109 cases),acute pancreatitis(54 cases),bowel obstruction(36 cases),inflammatory bowel disease(14 cases),ischemic bowel disease(12 cases),radiation enterocolitis(13 cases),tuberculosis(12 cases),immune reaction(10 cases),infective enteritis(3 cases),acute appendicitis(3 cases),hypoproteinemia(5 cases),non-common disease(8 cases)and normal variants(5 cases).The attenuation pattern of the thickened bowel wall include high attenuation(1 case),iso-attenuation(144 cases),low attenuation(127 cases),fat deposition(5 cases)and pneumatosis(7 cases).The enhancement pattern of the thickened bowel wall included gentle enhancement(249 cases),notable enhancement(32 cases)and unenhancement(3 cases).Degree of bowel wall thickening included mild thinckening(279 cases)and marked thickening(5 cases).The range of bowel wall thickening was focal(8 cases),segmental(64 cases)and diffuse(212 cases).The associated perienteric abnormalities of thickened bowel wall included swelling of fat(218 cases),ascites(189 cases),lymphadenopathy(5 cases),peirenteirc abscess(2 cases),mesenteric vascular lesion(25 cases)and involvement of solid abdominal organs(169 cases).ConclusionMSCT has an invaluable role in the diagnostic evaluation of nontumorous bowel wall thickening.A wide variety of nontumorous diseases may manifest with bowel wall thickening at MSCT.Paying attention to the characteristics of thickening of bowel wall will benefit the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intestinal diseases.

0.05).For following indexes: whether or not having intussusception,the location of intussusception,finding reason caused intussusception,the confidence index of the doctor between original image add MPR image group and original image group had significant difference(5.00 vs.4.24,4.76 vs.4.29,4.29 vs.3.71),and the confidence index of the doctor of original image add MPR image group exceeded that of original image group(P

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong capsule is the clinical prescription for the treatment of osteoarthritis, however, its mechanism has not been fuly elucidated. Urokinase type plasminogen activator system which participated in the degradation of the extracelular matrix of articular cartilage and hyperplasia of joint synovium plays an important role in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect ofTougu Xiaotong capsule on urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in knee cartilage tissues of knee osteoarthritis rats. METHODS: Of 144 Sprague-Dawley rats, 120 rats were randomly made into models of knee osteoarthritisvia intra-articular injection of papain, and randomly assigned to model group,Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group [1.2 g/(kg?d)], low-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.092 g/(kg?d)], moderate-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.184 g/(kg?d)] and high-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.368 g/(kg?d)]. Each group contained 24 rats. Every 2 weeks was considered as a course, with a 2-day interval, totaly 4 courses. The remaining 24 normal rats were included in the blank group. After every two courses, a batch of experimental animals was sacrificed. The pathological changes were observed folowing staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The positive cels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mankin’s score was significantly lower in theTougu Xiaotong capsule group and Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group compared with the model group (P < 0.01), in a time-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive cels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor were significantly decreased, but plasminogen activator inhibitor was significantly increased in theTougu Xiaotong capsule group andZhuanggu Guanjie Wangroup in a time-dependent manner. Western blot assay results had an identical trend to immunohistochemistry. These indicated thatTougu Xiaotong capsule showed preventive and therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis by regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator system.

Objective To investigate the safety of ovarian preservation for stage Ⅰ endometrial carcinomas in women aged 40 years and younger.Methods Seventy-five cases of stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer aged 40 years and younger from Jan 1999 to Jan 2012 were treated in Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.They were further divided into two groups:20 patients who underwent ovarian preservation (group A) and 55 patients who underwent oophorectomy (group B).Clinical and pathological recordings of these patients were reviewed and compared.Results In the group A , there were 13 patients preserved both ovaries , and 7 patients preserved a single ovary.While there were no significant differences in the age, body mass index, surgical staging, histology, grade, cytology of peritoneal lavage or ascites , and postoperative treatment between two groups ( all P>0.05 ).The differences in the level of CA 125 [ 25%(5/20) versus 18%(10/55)] and number of patients underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy [35% (7/20) versus 84%(46/55)] were statistically significant between two groups (all P<0.05).Of seventy-five cases, only two patients relapsed and all survived after a median follow-up time of 31.7 months ( range:0 to 160 months).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in overall survival (100.0% versus 100.0%) and disease free survival ( 90.0% versus 95.5%) between two groups ( P =0.579 ).Conclusions Ovarian preservation has no statistically significant impact on the survival of young patients with stage Ⅰa, well differentiated endometrial cancer.Large-scale, prospective clinical studies are needed to validate the safety of ovarian preservation for those patients.

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule has pretty good clinical therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis of early and middle periods. However, the mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Capsule is not ful y clarified. The RhoA GTPases can regulate chondrocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the Tougu Xiaotong Capsule on the expression of Rac1and Cdc42 in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced in vitro cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and to explore its mechanism of action for combating osteoarthritis.
METHODS:Knee cartilage of the 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats was used to stably establish in vitro culture system of chondrocytes. Passage 3 chondrocytes were identified by toluidine blue staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was successful y induced by 20μg/L tumor necrosis factor-αand then Tougu Xiaotong Capsule at different dosage (500, 100, 20 mg/L) was given after 24-hour incubation. MTT assay was used to detect cellsurvival, flow cytrometry to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, and western blot assay to determine the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42, Bax and Bcl-2.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule could reduce tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes to improve the survival rate of the cells, and at the same time, could down-regulate the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax and increase the protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly (P<0.05). Tougu Xiaotong Capsule possibly plays a therapeutic efficacy on osteoarthritis by reducing promote apoptosis Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax expression and increasing apoptosis inhibiting gene Bcl-2 expression, thereby to inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes.