Objective: To work out a Parent-Adolescent Conflict Resolution Questionnaire with Chinese culture and explore its validity and reliability. Methods: The original items were selected based on the opening investigation on 548 adolescents and discussion with some parents and professionals, in the next step, 914 adolescents were recruited to test the reliability and validity. Results: The distribution of factors confirmed the theoretical structure. The alpha coefficient ranged from 0. 56 ~ 0. 86, retest coefficient after a month were 0. 67 ~ 0. 88 ( P

Objective To assess value and limitations of non-invasive methods in assessing liver fibrosis.Methods By summarized current situation and advancement of serum fibrotic markers,ultrasound,CT and MRI in assessing liver fibrosis,we investigated their value and limitations.Results In addition to diagnosis,non-invasive methods of assessing liver fibrosis assess severity of liver fibrosis.For liver fibrosis,however,non-invasive methods can not monitor effectively reaction to therapy and progression.Conclusion Non-invasive methods play important roles in diagnosis and assessing severity of liver fibrosis,and reduce the need of liver biopsy.

Objective To explore the relationship between the family conditions and internet addiction of medical college students with limb disabled. Methods 400 medical college students were investigated by the University Student Going-online Investigation table, EMBU and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale. Results There was significant correlation between parental occupations and internet addiction total score of medical college students with limb disabled( r= 0.195, P < 0.01 ; r = 0.163, P < 0.05 ). There was significant correlation and prediction between negative parental rearing patterns such as the parents' punishment-severity and rejection-denying and dimensions of interpersonal relations, health, forced going-online behaviors, time management( P < 0.05, P< 0.01 ), but there was no significant correlation and prediction between parents' warmth-comprehension and all dimensions. Conclusion Family conditions play a important role in influencing internet addiction of medical college students with limb disabled.

Objective To probe CT grading criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer.Methods Retrieved articles in CNKI and PubMed about value of CT in preoperative assessment of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer last ten years.Results Multislice helical CT is considered the best imaging method to assess the invaded peripancreatic vessels in pancreatic cancer.There are different CT criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer based on extension of hypodense tumor and its relation to blood vessels,on the degree of circumferential contiguity of tumor to vessel,on the degree of lumen stenosis,and on the degree of contiguity between tumor and vessels combined vascular caliber.Conclusion CT grading criteria are not uniform,each one has defects.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of a double action MR contrast agent——gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) for focal liver lesion and biliary system disease.Methods Articles about Gd-BOPTA in CNKI and PubMed for the past few years were searched and the value of Gd-BOPTA in the diagnosis of focal liver lesion and biliary system disease was summarized.Results For focal liver lesion,Gd-BOPTA not only can reveal blood supply of the lesion,but also reveal the hepatocellular functional status in the lesion.For biliary system,biliary excretion of Gd-BOPTA can be used to evaluate the anatomic structure of bile duct,function of gallbladder and biliary system disease.Conclusions Gd-BOPTA has an important value in the diagnosis of focal liver lesion and biliary system disease.Gd-BOPTA may have wider applications in the future.

Objective To introduce the current value of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques on evaluation of diffuse hepatic parenchymal diseases. Methods By literature review,the application and recent advances of various kinds of MDCT and MR imaging techniques in evaluating diffuse hepatic parenchymal diseases were summarized. Results There were three kinds of diffuse liver parenchyma diseases,which were the diseases of storage,vascular and inflammatory. The morphology changes of diffuse liver parenchyma diseases could be demonstrated well by MDCT. MRI,especially MR functional imaging could reflect the morphology changes,and cellular metabolic activity of the liver,which provided qualitative and quantitative information for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect on diffuse liver parenchyma diseases. Conclusion MR imaging techniques,especially those functional techniques,developed rapidly and had practical value in both the diagnosis and severity assessment of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate mut-slice spiral CT(MSCT) and MRI features and correlated pathological basis of stasis cirrhosis.Methods MSCT and MRI findings of 35 patients with stasis cirrhosis (study group) and 35 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis (control group) were studied retrospectively. Volume index of liver and spleen, caliber of hepatic vein and the number of regenerative nodules exceeded 5mm in diameter were measured.The contrast-enhanced patterns of liver parenchyma, contrast medium reflux, ascites, the number of varices and correlated abnormalities were reviewed.Results The volume indexes of liver and spleen, calibers of hepatic vein were (4434.95±1283.08) cm~3,(621.92±400.33) cm~3 and (3.61±0.81) cm in the study group,(2569.73±853.06) cm~3,(1275.61±727.51) cm~3 and (1.92±0.46) cm in the control group,respectively.The number of the patients showed waves of borderline, inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement, regenerative nodules exceeded 5mm in diameter, contrast medium reflux, varices and ascites were 5, 29, 17, 20, 16 and 6 cases in the study group,29,0,5,0,35 and 26 cases in the control group,respectively,there were statistic differences between the study group and control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion MSCT and MRI play a invaluable role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis and etiological diagnosis of stasis cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the mult-slice spiral CT(MSCT)imaging manifestations of bowel wall thickening due to nontumorous causes,and to address the value of MSCT scanning in assessing nontumorous bowel wall thickening.MethodsThe MSCT findings of 284 patients with bowel wall thickening due to nontumorous causes confirmed by surgery,biopsy,or clinical follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.The location,range,symmetric or asymmetric,degree,attenuation,presence or absence of enhancement and associated perienteric abnormalities of thickened bowel wall were involved.ResultsAll nontumorous disease caused bowel wall thickening include liver cirrhosis(109 cases),acute pancreatitis(54 cases),bowel obstruction(36 cases),inflammatory bowel disease(14 cases),ischemic bowel disease(12 cases),radiation enterocolitis(13 cases),tuberculosis(12 cases),immune reaction(10 cases),infective enteritis(3 cases),acute appendicitis(3 cases),hypoproteinemia(5 cases),non-common disease(8 cases)and normal variants(5 cases).The attenuation pattern of the thickened bowel wall include high attenuation(1 case),iso-attenuation(144 cases),low attenuation(127 cases),fat deposition(5 cases)and pneumatosis(7 cases).The enhancement pattern of the thickened bowel wall included gentle enhancement(249 cases),notable enhancement(32 cases)and unenhancement(3 cases).Degree of bowel wall thickening included mild thinckening(279 cases)and marked thickening(5 cases).The range of bowel wall thickening was focal(8 cases),segmental(64 cases)and diffuse(212 cases).The associated perienteric abnormalities of thickened bowel wall included swelling of fat(218 cases),ascites(189 cases),lymphadenopathy(5 cases),peirenteirc abscess(2 cases),mesenteric vascular lesion(25 cases)and involvement of solid abdominal organs(169 cases).ConclusionMSCT has an invaluable role in the diagnostic evaluation of nontumorous bowel wall thickening.A wide variety of nontumorous diseases may manifest with bowel wall thickening at MSCT.Paying attention to the characteristics of thickening of bowel wall will benefit the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intestinal diseases.

Objective To investigate multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) and MRI features of stasis cirrhosis and the diagnostic value of MSCT and MRI. Methods MSCT and MRI findings of 35 patients with stasis cirrhosis were studied. The size of liver and spleen, the diameter of hepatic vein (HV), enhancement pattern of liver parenchyma, contrast medium reflux in inferior vena cava (IVC) and (or) HV, ascites, number of varices and correlated abnormalities were reviewed. Results The volume index of liver and spleen of 35 patients was 4 434.95 cm3 and 621.92 cm3 respectively. The mean diameter of HV of 27 patients (77.1%) was 3.61 cm and HV of other 8 patients (22.9%) were too small to show. Number of patients showed waves of borderline, inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement, contrast medium reflux in IVC and (or) HV, varices and ascites was 5 (14.3%), 29 (82.9%), 20 (57.1%), 16 (45.7%), and 6 (17.1%), respectively. Correlated abnormalities included cardiac enlargement 4 cases (11.4%), pericardium thickening 11 cases (31.4%), and pericardial effusion 2 cases (5.7%). Conclusions Stasis cirrhosis mainly demonstrate liver enlargement, inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement, contrast medium reflux in IVC and (or) HV, and slight portal hypertension. MSCT and MRI play invaluable roles in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and etiological diagnosis of stasis cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) on 64 slice spiral computed tomography(64SCT) and the diagnostic value of 64SCT for BCS.Methods Twenty-nine patients diagnosed as BCS by 64SCT were retrospectively included into this study and all the patients were researched by digital substraction angiography(DSA).Two abdominal radiologists analyzed the CT imaging features of BCS,paying attention to the vascular lesion,the morphology abnormality of the liver and the degree of portal hypertension,with review of DSA findings.Results ①The accuracy of 64SCT for BCS was 93.1%(27/29),and there were 2 false positive cases and no false negative case.The accuracy of 64SCT for those patients with thrombosis of inferior vena cava(IVC) and(or) hepatic vein(HV) was high as compared to those with stenosis of IVC and(or) HV.②The morphology abnormality of the liver included hepatomegaly(24 cases),low attenuation(27 cases) and inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement(5 patients in arterial phase and 19 patients in portal vein phase).③The images of all the patients showed the features of portal hypertension.Conclusion The accuracy of 64SCT for BCS is satisfactory and the false negative is seldom.The 64SCT could accurately display the morphology abnormality of the liver and the compensatory circulation in BCS patients.For those patients with stenosis of IVC and(or) HV,however,the diagnostic power of 64SCT is limited.