The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) leads both to close cooperation and fierce competition in related researches globally. In March 2003, scientists from Hong Kong (China), America, Canada and German discovered a new type of coronavirus in SARS patients(SARS CoV) successively. And it was acknowledged by the WHO. Later, from April to May 2003, researchers from America, German, Chinese Hong Kong, Canada and Dutch published their findings about SARS pathogen in journals like Science, New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet and Nature, etc . The gene map, complete genome sequence and molecular model of SARS CoV were reported, which has laid a sound foundation for SARS diagnosis, treatment and the development of vaccine. We can learn a lot from the rapid reaction of the related institutes, and the experience gained will benefit us in the future.

Based on the experience in combating severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) epidemic in Beijing, the paper analyzed the reasons for the SARS outbreak in Beijing and investigated the government reaction mechanism during emergency. The results showed that there were many defects in dealing with outburst of health event in the current system of public health for disease control, such as lack of the differentiation and prevention at the early stage, misconducts of the epidemic situation report system, lack of professional commanding system and the effective cooperation among the interrelated departments, weak team spirit,unconsciousness of intellectaul property right in the scientific research, and unreasonable medical resource allocation and storage system. Improvements concerning the above problems have been put forward to establish public health reaction mechanism for an emergent situation in China, providing contending for scholars and reference for the decision makers.

Infrastructures of the active surveillance system of emergent public health events consists of the following factors: cases of infectious diseases, symptoms in the Emergency Department of hospitals, etiological examination in the public health laboratories, medication sales and medical supplies sales, public symptoms in metropolitan, absenteeism in elementary and middle schools, animal death, medical emergency service, and unexplained deaths, etc . Active surveillance is able to discover emergent public health events promptly and provide evidences for initiating immediate response system and public health crisis management in China. Research on active surveillance of the emergent public health event should be enforced.

Objective Eight functional fragments of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009 had their own evolutionary characteristics.Among them,the hemagglutinin(HA),the major antigenic gene,was originated from swine influenza virus epidemics in North America.The HA gene,polymerase genes(PB2,PB1 and PA),nucleoprotein gene(NP) and nonstructural protein gene(NS) of the virus strain isolated in Iowa of US in 2005 shared close homology(identities more than 90%) with the corresponding sequences of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009.The Iowa strain might be an intermediate step of the evolutionary process of this novel A/H1N1 influenza virus.The evolutionary process of the novel A/H1N1 influenza might be realized in pigs re-assorted with the neuraminidase(NA) gene from European swine H1N1 influenza virus and matrix proteins(M1 and M2) genes from European H3N2 swine influenza virus.The present paper presented possible evolutionary processes of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009,and pointed out several relevant scientific points which should be emphasized in the prevention and control of the epidemics of the novel A/H1N1 influenza in near future.

Objective: To investigate the first appearance and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in China. Methods: Some sequences of M segment of hantaviruses isolated in China were retrieved from GenBank. Some recently sequenced viruses which have not been registered in GenBank were obtained from authors who reported them. Program MEGA 3. 1 was employed for the phylogenetic analysis of the above virus sequences. Nucleotide divergence rates were estimated by comparing the closely related sister sequences isolated in the same geographical region at no less than a 5-year interval. Based on these calculated divergence rates, together with their isolating time and region, we explored the first appearance and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in China. Results and conclusion: The distribution of hantaviruses was in cluster, with Guizhou Province having the most subgenotypes. which supports the previous hypothesis that hantaviruses first appeared in Guizhou Province of China. A novel subgenotype virus was found in Anhui Province, indicating that it might be easier for the virus to have mutation in Anhui Province. We also found that Gou3 strain might be the earliest one to separate from a common ancestral strain; it is speculated that hantaviruses migrated in China about 315 years ago.

A single intraperitoneal injection (ip) of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus (PAS) and Lychtm barbamm polysaccharide (LBP) at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg body weight could render splenocytes of adult C57BL/6 mice proliferate significantly higher than normal saline (NS)control. Splenocytes of LBP treated aged mice were 4 times higher than those of NS control of aged mice. The splenocytes of the mice treated with APS, PAS, LBP and NS were incubated with 125 - 1 000 U/ml rIL-2 for 4d in vitro, respectively. The cytotoxicity of LAK cells from the splenocytes of APS, PAS and LBP treated adult mice, in 18 h [125I]UdR release assay, were 70% ~ 120%, 20% -90%, 26% ~ 80% higher than that of the NS control, respectively. The dose of rIL-2 was reduced 75%, 50%, 50%, respectively, in vitro. The cytolytic activities of LAK cells from the splenocytes of LBP treated aged mice were 120%-200% higher than those of the NS control, and the dosage of rIL-2 was decreased more than 75% in vitro.

Adult Kunming mice were immunized with K562 and P815 by a single intraperitoneai injection at a dose of 5?104 cells/murine/d. Anti-P815 and anti-K562 antisera were prepared. Contents of anti-tumor antibodies in the antisera were proved to be high by means of ELISA assay. Splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cancer patients were incubated with 125-1000 U/ml IL-2 for 4d. Anti-P815 activity of the LAK cells from C57BL/6 splenocytes was greatly enhanced in the presence of anti-P815 anti-serum at the early stage of culture of LAK and P815 together in 18h [125I]UdR release assay. Anti-K562 activity of LAK cells from PBL was also greatly enlianced by anti-K562 antiserum when the antiserum was added at the early stage of culture. Anti-tumor antibodies in the antisera, not complement and other cytokines, were responsible for the augmentation of NK and LAK cell activities.

Objective:To strengthen the research on theory and method of early warning for emergent public health event,so as to obtain timely information,correctly analyze the situation,and apply effective measures when the event happens.Methods: The definition of vulnerability of emergent public health event and the vulnerability factors were discussed.The indicator system and the evaluating method for public health vulnerability were systematically studied.The extenics theory and the theory of vulnerability evaluation were used for warning exercise.Results: We constructed an extenics model for early warning of emergent public health event;the model was used to evaluate the public health of a population.Conclusion: The theory of vulnerability evaluation is introduced in emergent public health event to construct an extenics model for early warning of emergent public health event;the model can be used to evaluate the public health of certain population.

Effects of Lycium barbarian polysaccharide (LBP), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus (PAS) and polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (PS) on cytotoxicities of LAK cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mices were observed with 18 h 125IUdR release assay. Our study demonstrated that the polysaccharides alone were shown to induce no cytotoxicities. When combined with rIL-2, all of 4 kinds of the polysaccharides augrnented LAK activities in dose-dependent manner. The augmentations reached the maximum at 0.01-0.1 mg ? ml-1 LBP, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 APS and PAS, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 PS. They were found to increase LAK activities in short range of rIL-2 concentrations (250-1000U? ml-1). If the polysaccharides were used beyond the suitable concentrations, they were shown to inhibit LAK cell activities.

Objective To study the gene therapy of metastatic prostate cancer. Methods we investigated the ability of adenoviral vectors expressing cytokines IL-12 and IL-2 to induce regression of tumor in C57BL/6 mice models(n=66) of prostate cancer. Results Adenoviral vectors can express cytokines IL-12 and IL-2 proteins effectively. Only 20%(2/10) of mice inoculated with RM-1 cells engineered AdmIL-12 and AdhIL-2 developed smaller and delayed tumors ( P