We can not do any clinical research if knowing nothing of statistics. In order to understand the results from a clinical research, readers must know the characteristics of the data, the features of the selected variables, the relation between % and 95% confidence interval, as well as the definitions of difference in clinical and statistical analysis, and it may be more important to make the evaluation of mechanism based on suitable explanation of clinical significance by means of statistical results.

Insulin secretion varies in a com pl icated manner including quantity released and timing, which is also regulated by both glucose load and insulin sensitivity. It makes the evaluation of ?-cell function difficult in scientific research as well as clinical practice. There is no any index that could reflect the function of insulin secretion perfectly so far. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the advantages and the disadvantages of the current available indices before to use them approp riately.

It has become a prominent clinical problem that diabetes was induced by early long-term use of large-dose glucocorticoid for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which suggesting that indication and contraindication of glucocorticoid therapy should be followed strictly. Principles of treating the secondary diabetes induced by glucocorticoid are similar to that used in type 2 diabetes, however, the feature of severe afternoon hyperglycemia combined with fasting hypoglycemia should be taken into account in the protocol design.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressing disease.In some recent studies,hyper glycemic patients get fine control of blood glucose without any hypoglycemic agents after a period of treatment.These results suggest the possibility of remission of islet β-cell function,at least in some diabetic patients.Restoration of β-cell function brings a new hope in the treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The article discuss the design positioning and paper publication in clinical research. Taking the research articles published in this issue as examples, the author points out 4 rules that a scientific article must obey. These rules consist of creativeness, close connection with clinical science, relationship with important concepts and clinical practice, and reasonable statistical analysis of the data.

Diabetes results in excess cardiovascular mortality.Unexpectedly,more strict glucose control induced more death in a large scale clinical trial and the increased hypoglycemia was a suspected offender.In order to decrease the risk of hypoglycemia,three steps should be taken into consideration in future treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease: ( 1 ) Identifying hypoglycemia early even in its paradoxical feature.( 2 )Achieving glucose targets with personality.( 3 ) Designing the strategy of lowering plasma glucose more carefully,to pay special attention avoiding hypoglycemia.

In newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,the first-phase insulin secretion is defective but reversible.Rebuilding of the first-phase insulin secretion seems to be another important target following the glycemic control and complication prevention.

Objective To observe the expression of GFAP and CD34, the reaction of astrocytes and the correlation with microvessels in the surrounding areas after cerebral infarction in human was researched. Methods HE and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)and CD34 in the surrounding areas after cerebral infarction in human. Results The expressions of GFAP and CD34 increased in 8h(P

0.05) in both groups. The results showed that the criteria of diagnosis by WHO arc rational.

Cause-effect deduction is the basis of both natural and social sciences. Both wealthy knowledge and logical design are essential in obtaining the true causality among medical studies. Though association analysis provides important information for cause-effect deduction, it does not mean causality itself. Before the existence of the causality between two variables being identified, rigorous criteria must be followed. A number of indexes, such as the significance and the degree of the association, the dose-response relationship, the biology-based possibility, as well as the consistency and specificity, all should be examined very carefully. Clear verifiable hypotheses, rational selection of subjects, reliable experimental methods, appropriate statistical analysis and correct logical deductions, all are the integral parts that finally constitute a faithful deduction.