The stereoscopic orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints and the stability triangle of the motion segments were studied on 56 sets of adult lumbosacral skeletons. The orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints changed gradually from about sagittal plane in upper segment to about coronal in lower. The gravity center of the stability triangle of the motion segments moved backward from upper to ower progressively. Therefore, the stability of lumbar spine decreases and the mobility increases successively from upper downward.

The architecture of the specialized myocardial fibers of the atrioventricular junction area(AVJ) were observed under microscope on serial sections. It was found that the human A-V node extend backward divergently to form two posterior extensions (left and right, LPE, RPE). The A-V node can be divided into a superficial layer and a deep layer, and the deep layer further divided into a upper part and a lower part. The fibers in the superficial layer are vertical, and join with the lower part of the deep layer at the anterior extremity of the node. The lower part of the deep layer is the main axis of the node. The fibers in the lower part of the deep layer are longitudinal, and join with the RPE at the posterior extremity of the node. The fibers in the upper part of the deep layer are oblique and join with the LPE at the posterior extremity of the node, and mix with the lower part at the anterior extremity. The longitudinal dissociation of the anterior part of the His bundle is more distinct than that of the posterior part. The lower-left part of the bifurcating part of the bundle extend to form the posterior left branch, the upper-left and upper-middle parts of the bifurcating part extend to form the anterior left branch, and the right part and lower-middle part of the bifurcating part extend to form the right bundle branch. The morphological evidence of the dual or multiple conducting pathways, the longitudinal dissociation and the reentry pathways in the AVJ were discussed.

Kenaf has a high content of gum that is difficult to remove. Traditional chemical degumming process causes serious environmental pollution. To solve the problem, we developed a new method to degum kenaf. We pretreated the kenaf with steam explosion followed by ultrasonic treatment. We chose the single factor tests to select the ultrasonic frequency, sodium hydroxide concentration and processing time. Combined with orthogonal tests, we found that the optimum conditions were as follows: ultrasonic frequency was 28 kHz, sodium hydroxide concentration was 2%, and processing time was 60 min. Under these conditions, the residual gum of kenaf fiber was 9.72% and the fineness was 139.45 N(m). Steam explosion combined with ultrasonic method is effective in degumming of kenaf.
Hibiscus ; Plant Gums ; isolation & purification ; Sodium Hydroxide ; chemistry ; Steam ; Ultrasonics