Objective To further analyze the chaos characteristics of heart rate variability(HRV) signals.Methods Analyzed HRV was obtained from 40 healthy subjects(20 olds,20 youngs) by means of Cao algorithm;Stability criteria was proposed to determine minimum embedding dimension;Meanwhile,we advanced a new quantative analysis method of studying HRV deterministic component,and applied the method to the old and young groups.Results Each subject's HRV was composed of both stochastic and deterministic components;Stability criteria could solve the subjective problem when determine minimum embedding dimension by Cao algorithm;Deterministic component in healthy old subjects was higher than the young.Conclusion In this paper,we have proved that HRV is deterministice chaos;Stability criteria works well for determining minimum embedding dimension;HRV decreases as age increases.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of renal light and heavy chain amyloidosis (AHL).Methods:Ten patients with renal AHL diagnosed by renal biopsy in Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Nephrology of Peking University from January 2015 to June 2020 were enrolled. Clinicopathological data of these patients was collected and reviewed.Results:AHL typically affected older patients, with a male/female ratio of 7:3. The clinical manifestations were mainly edema and heavy proteinuria. At the same time, 7/10 of patients presented with nephrotic syndrome, 7/10 presented with microscopic hematuria, and 3/10 presented with renal insufficiency. Laboratory examinations showed monoclonal immunoglobulin in blood and urine in all patients, and IgGλ was the most common one (5/10). Decreased serum complement could be seen in some patients. The ratio of serum free κ light chain and free λ light chain was abnormal in all patients who underwent serum free light chain test. None of the 10 patients met the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. Except for one of the 10 patients who was diagnosed as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, the rest were diagnosed as monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Bone marrow of 2/6 of patients were positive for amyloid. Cardiac involvement was confirmed in only one patient. Renal biopsy demonstrated amorphous eosinophilic material, which was Congo red positive, was deposited in glomerular mesangial area (10/10), capillary vessels (8/10), renal interstitium (9/10), peritubular capillary walls (9/10) and arterioles (8/10). This material showed apple green birefringence under polarized light. Immunofluorescence showed that single heavy chain and single light chain were positive at the same time, which was consistent with the results of mass spectrometry analysis. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed randomly oriented, non-branching fibrils with a diameter of 8-12 nm.Conclusions:Main clinical manifestations of AHL amyloidosis are edema and massive proteinuria, along with a high incidence of hematuria, a low portion of heart involvement and high frequency of whole molecule of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgGλ dominant) by serum immunofixation electrophoresis. Renal pathology shows the commonly involved kidney compartments of amyloid deposits are glomerular capillary walls and peritubular capillary walls in patients with AHL amyloidosis.

【Objective】 To study the expression of leptin mRNA in Chinese obese subjects using dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin labele d probe. 【Methods】 11 Chinese nonobese subjects (bodymass index, BMI 21.0 kg/ m2±1.5 kg/m2) and 12 Chinese obese subjects(BMI 28.5 kg/m2±2.3 kg/m 2) parti cipated in the study. The human leptin cDNA probe was labeled wih digoxigenin(DI G) b y the random priming method. Expression of leptin mRNA in abdominal adipose tiss ue has been examined using dot blot hybridization with this probe. 【Results】 T he expression of leptin mRNA was significantly higher in obese subjects than in non-obese ones (312.8±108.9 vs 175.9±81.5, relative units, P<0.0 5), an d correlated with BMI (r=0.56, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Leptin mRNA le vel is high in obese subjects, and correlated with BMI.

The excellent results of 200 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CAH 167,CPH 16.CAH with liver cirrhosis tendency 11 and hepatitis-cirrhosis 6) treated with specific transfer factor extracted from HBVM positive placenta (PSTF) for 3 months in average.The clinical recovery rate was 83.0%,improvement 11.0%.unrecovery only 6.0%,and seroconversion of HBsAg and HBeAg was 9.9% and 32.9% respectively in the near-future.No sider-effect was found during treatment.The relapse rate was 13.9% during average 5.5 months follow-up after discharged,and the clinical recovery rate of the improved and unrecovered cases while they discharged from the hospital was 40.0% and 50.0% respectively during follow-up Therefore,the authors think that the PSTF perhaps an exellent agent similar to SSTF (specific transfer factor extracted from HBVM positive spleen) in treating chronic hepatitis B.But,owing to easiness to collect HBVM positive placenta in our country at present,PSTF perhaps could make a great offer for treating chronic hepatitis B,if it could be used correctly,and,therefore/it seems worthy for profound investigation.

Objectives To evaluate the protective effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on diabetic glomerulopathy in rats with experimentally induced diabetes and explore its possible mechanisms. Methods Ninety-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes mellitus + perindopril (DMP) and control (C) groups. According to the duration of diabetes or observation (1, 3, 6 months), each group was randomly subdivided into DM1, DM3, DM6; DMP1, DMP3, DMP6; and C1, C3, C6 groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats in the DMP groups received perindopril 1 mg*kg-1*d-1, through gastric intubation. Urinary protein excretion rate was determined by the method of Coomassie brilliant blue. Plasma renin activity, renal tissue renin activity, and plasma and renal tissue angiotensin Ⅱ concentration were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Renal tissue total RNA was extracted by the Chomezymskis AGPC method. Renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression level was assessed by slot blot hybridization using a full length rat angiotensinogen cDNA probe labelled with 32P-dCTP and a random primer.Results There was increased activity of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic rats. Perindopril decreased proteinuria and delayed the progression of glomerular basement membrane thickening. However, it did not reduce the expansion of the mesangial matrix (P<0.05). Renin activity increased and angiotensin Ⅱ concentration decreased significantly in both plasma and renal tissue in diabetes+perindopril groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Perindopril may help prevent the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy, and the inhibition of renin angiotensin system activity may be a mechanism for this action.

Objective To analyze the value of serum microRNA-198(miRNA-198)and miRNA-365 combined with gastroscopy in diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Methods 180 patients with CAG who were treated from January 2022 to January 2023 were regarded as the observation group,and 180 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis in the same period were studied as control group.According to the degree of atrophy,patients with CAG were grouped into 56 mild cases,84 moderate cases and 40 severe cases.The subjects were examined by gastroscopy,and the relative expression levels of miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in serum were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The diagnostic value of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 levels in patients with CAG was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve).The diagnostic value of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 combined with gastroscopy for CAG was analyzed with four grid tables.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in patients with CAG in the observation group were obviously lower,with the aggravation of atrophy,the levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 decreased in turn,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the area under the curve(AUC)of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 levels in the diagnosis of CAG was 0.898 and 0.945,respectively,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of combined gastroscopy in the diagnosis of CAG were 98.33%,81.11%and 89.72%,respectively,its diagnostic efficacy was higher than that of serum miRNA-198,miRNA-365 and gastroscopy alone.Conclusion The levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in patients with CAG are decreased,they have certain diagnostic value for CAG,their combination with gastroscopy can obviously improve the diagnostic value of CAG.

Extra-articular distal tibial fractures as a result of high-energy damage are often comminuted or displaced, frequently accompanied by severe soft tissue injuries.Poor blood supply and various complications make the treatment more difficult,affecting life quality of the patients.The main goals of the treatment are to abtain a healed,well-aligned fracture,functional range of motion of the ankle joint and minimizing complications.It is generally recommended that surgical treatment be performed in the proper context of local conditions to facilitate early functional exercise.Plate fixation and intramedullary nail fixation are the common options for closed fractures.This article focuses on the two treatment methods and some important auxiliary technologies in both domestic and foreign, hoping to provide some references for clinical treatment.