Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages between the Mammotome ( MMT ) and conventional resection operation in the diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors . Methods A total of 288 patients during the period from February to July of 2014 were divided into MMT group ( 137 cases ) and control group ( 151 cases ) according to patient ’ s willingness .The surgical and post-operative results , postoperative complications and burden of disease were compared between the two groups . Results As compared to the control group, the MMT group had shorter operation time [(28.3 ±9.1) min vs.(37.5 ±14.2) min, t =-6.472, P=0.000], larger amount of tissue cut [(29.2 ±8.1) g vs.(16.5 ±7.9) g, t=13.462, P=0.000], lower visual analogue scales at one day after surgery [(4.2 ±3.6) points vs.(4.9 ±1.5) points, t=-2.189, P=0.029], lower incidence of postoperative breast shape change [10.2% (14/137) vs.55.0% (83/151), χ2 =64.392, P =0.000], and higher patient satisfaction scores [(7.2 ±1.8) points vs.(5.3 ±2.9) points, t=6.601, P=0.000], but more intraoperative bleeding [(22.3 ± 4.3) ml vs.(12.6 ±5.9) ml, t=15.807, P=0.000], higher incidence of postoperative breast hematoma [9.5% (13/137) vs. 2.6%(4/151),χ2 =6.050, P=0.014], and higher total costs [(5.12 ±1.97) ×103 yuan vs.(3.18 ±2.01) ×103 yuan, t=8.258, P=0.000]. Conclusion The MMT operation has advantages of short time , more cut tissue volume, mild postoperative pain, good postoperative breast shape , and high patient satisfaction , but disadvantages of easy development of hematoma and high total costs.