Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is the key enzyme of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reaction. The down-regulation of the mitochondrial ATP synthase is a hallmark of most human carcinomas, which is the embodiment of the bioenergetic signature of cancer in the performance of the decreased oxidative phosphorylation and increased aerobic glycolysis. Combining with the bioenergetic signature of cancer, studies showed that mitochondrial ATP synthase and multidrug resistance and adverse prognosis of tumor were closely related. Its mechanisms are related to post-transcriptional regulation of the ATP synthase, the hypermethylation of the ATP synthase gene and the inhibitor peptide of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, called ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1). In this review, we stress the biological characteristics of mitochondrial ATP synthase and the relationship between ATP synthase and multidrug resistance and prognosis of Malignant tumor, in order to find a new way for tumor therapy.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Carcinoma ; enzymology ; Down-Regulation ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; enzymology ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Oxidative Phosphorylation

With the rapid development in cataract operation,characteristics and types of intraocular lens have been improving and altering all along in over fifty years.The correct selection for intraocular lens is significant for cataract patient to get better vision after operation.Description of characteristics and selection of the intraocular lens are summarized.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of left ventricular myocardial function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with angina pectoris of single-vessel and.multiple-vessel coronary artery disease with two-dimensional strain (2DS).MethodsTotally 63 patients with angina pectoris were divided to single-vessel coronary artery group (n=33) and multiple-vessel coronary artery group (n= 30) based on coronary angiography,and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group.The two-dimensional images were obtained before and 3 months after PCI,and two-dimensional radial strain was analyzed on GE Echo PAC system.Peak radial strain values of left ventricular basal plane,papillary muscle plane and apical plane during systole were measured.ResultsCompared to control group,left ventricular peak systolic radial strain values decreased in many segments in patients with single-vessel coronary artery group and multiple-vessel coronary artery group before and 3 months after PCI (P＜0.05).Totally 136 and 158 left ventricular ischemic segments attained to normal 3 months after PCI in single-vessel coronary artery group (136/185,73.51％) and multiplevessel coronary artery group (158/292,54.11％),respectively (P＜0.01).ConclusionThe improvements of peak systolic radial strain are significantly different between angina pectoris patients with single-vessel and multiple-vessels coronary artery disease after PCI.

Objective: To evaluate different patterns for left ventricular configuration on ventricular systolic function in patients with primary hypertension by two-dimensional strain (2DS) echocardiography. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: Control group,n=40 healthy volunteers, Primary hypertension group,n=70, based on left ventricular mass index, the patients were further divided into 2 subgroups as Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) subgroup, n=32 and Non-left ventricular hypertrophy (NLVH) subgroup,n=38. The peaks of systolic longitude strain (SSL) for left ventricular apical layers of subendocardium, midmyocardium and epicardium were compared among different groups. Results:①In Control group and LVH, NLVH subgroups, SSL in different myocardium layers were kept in gradient features as subendocardium > midmyocardium > epicardium.②Compared with Control group, NLVH and LVH subgroups showed decreased SSL of subendocardium, as in apical four chamber level: (-24.11 ± 3.52) % and (-22.78 ± 4.11) % vs (-27.49 ± 2.95) %, in apical two chamber level: (-22.79 ± 5.20) % and (-21.92 ± 4.88) % vs (-27.95 ± 3.13) %, and in apical long-axis level: (-20.07 ± 3.43)%and (-21.34 ± 3.64%)% vs (-27.24 ± 3.05) %, allP<0.05; while SSL in midmyocardium and epicardium were similar,P>0.05.③Compared with NLVH subgroup, LVH subgroup presented decreased SSL of long-axis, in midmyocardium (-17.77 ± 4.35) % vs (-21.73 ± 3.97) % and in epicardium (-14.25 ± 3.78) % vs (-18.27 ± 2.96) %, allP<0.05. The pearson correlation coefifcient calculated by 2 physicians at 2 different times showed that SSL of subendocardium wasr=0.876, of midmyocardium was r=0.838 and of epicardium was r=0.823, allP<0.05. Conclusion: 2DS may quantitatively evaluate the layered myocardial strain of left ventricle, it provided a non-invasive examination for early diagnosing and estimating the heart involvement with severity in patients of primary hypertension.

[Summary] 45 male SD rats with 4 week old were assigned to 3 groups after normal feedstuff for 2 weeks:control group(n=15), diabetic group(n=15), and calcitriol group(n=15).Diabetic rat model were induced using intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin( STZ) after 12 h fasting.Calcitriol group and diabetic group were treated with calcitriol for 24 weeks.Femoral biomechanics indexes were measured at end of the study.Total 30 SD rats ( 10 rats of each groups) were analyzed.Compared to normal controls, the rats in diabetic group had lower body weight [(437.02±18.66vs267.93±15.64)g,P<0.05],decreasedserumcalciumconcentration[(2.89±0.31vs2.60 ±0.38) mmol/L, P<0.05], and increased serum phosphorus concentration[(2.21 ±0.35 vs 2.80 ±0.66) mmol/L, P<0.05].At the end of the study, the ultimate force[(98.07 ±2.94 vs 70.87 ±5.75) N, P<0.05], ultimate displacement[(0.66 ±0.02 vs 0.51 ±0.02) mm, P<0.05], Young′s modulus[(139 188.51 ±10 617.69 vs 81 969.06 ±6 393.21) N/mm2, P<0.05], and modulus for toughness[(22 492.59 ±2 429.15 vs 8 292.87 ± 1 291.43) N/mm2 , P<0.05 ] of diabetic group were significantly lower than normal control group.However, calcitrol could reverse these changes at some extent.SD rats with diabetes had significant disorder of bone metabolism and decreased bone strength.Calcitriol could improve the decreased bone strength in diabetic rats.

Objective To suty DSA features of the splencin artery which provides blood supply to the tumor in the patients with hepatic carcinoma,to improve the clinical results of interventional therapy.Methods DSA was performed in 3 patients with hepatic carcinoma and the blood supply of tumors by splenic artery was found.The DSA features were analysed and the interventional embolization was carried out at the same time.Results After super-selective embolization of the splenic artery,obvious reduction of the tumor-feeding microvessels and marked shrinking of the lesion were observed in all cases.Conclusion Splenic artery as one of the supply arteria to the tumors in hepatic carcinoma is very important to familiarize that in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To assess the clinical value of interventional treatment for bone and soft-tissue tumors. Methods Selective angiography, transcatheter intra-arterial chemotherapy and/or embolization were performed in 28 patients with pathologically-proved bone and soft-tissue tumors. After treatment the clinical response and pathological changes were observed, and the results were analyzed. Results After transcatheter intra-arterial chemotherapy and/or embolization, relieving or even disappearing of the pain was seen in 23 patients, subside of soft-tissue swelling together with regression of the tumor was seen in 19 patients. Twenty-two patients underwent surgical resection of the lesion one week afte.r interventional treatment. Pathologically, cellular degeneration, necrosis and various degrees of liquefaction were demonstrated on the tumor specimen, which were more obvious in patients treated with embolization. Limp-sparing resection was adopted in 66.7% of patients (10/15). Conclusion lnterventional therapy is an effective method for bone and soft-tissue tumors and it is worth popularizing this technique in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate application of modified abdominal closure technique by an all layer in ventro-pelvic part operation and evaluate its value and significance. Methods 3200 cases with ventre-pelvic part operation between May 2002 and Aug 2007, were subjected to single layer closure with non absorbable suture material. The clinic data and some results of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results Operative incisions of 1780 (55.6%) cases were in epigastric zone and their rate of primary healing was 98.5%, others (44.3%) in hypogastric zone (including pelvic cavity) and rate of primary healing was 98.2% (P>0.05). Rate of primary healing in older age-group was 97.9% and control group 98.8%, and primary healing of group diabetes 97.4%, control group 98.2% (P > 0.05). Average time of abdmenal closure was only 11±4 min. Primary complications included dehiscence of wound (0.5%), infection (1.4%) and incisional hernia (0.2%). Follow-up (66%) was performed at 30 days, 3 and 6 months, and at 1, 2 and 3 years. Conclusion It is concluded that closure of an abdominal incision can be effected by a multifilament interrupted absorbable sutures without an increased risk of wound dehiscence or incisional hernia, meanwhile economic and fast. It is the optimal method of abdominal closure and can be generalized.

Objective To evaluate the effects of shRNA-TGF-β1 plasmid on Smads signal transduction of rat renal allograft.Methods A Sprague-Dawley to Wistar rat orthotopic transplant kidney-sclerosis accelerated model was constructed and transfected with short hairpin RNA-TGF-β1 based on the hydromechanics.The recipients were divided into three groups:group T(plasmid group)injected with shRNA-TGF-β1;group H(vacant plasmid group)injected with vacant plasmid;group Y(simply transplantation group)injected with no plasmid.In group J(sham-operated group)only right kidney was removed with no transplantation as control group.Transplanted kidneys and blood samples were collected at the first,second and third month after transplantation.The blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum Cr were tested by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay.The gene transcriptional level of TGF-β1 and Smad3/7 was detected by RT-PCR,and the protein variations of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad3/7 were examined by Western blotting.Results At each test time point,the BUN and serum Cr were significantly higher in the plasmid group than in the sham-operated group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but obviously lower than in the vacant plasmid group and simply transplantation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expression of TGF-β1 as well as phosphorylated Smad3 was significantly higher in the plasmid group than in the sham-operated group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but obviously lower than in the vacant plasmid group and simply transplantation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,the expression of phosphorylated Smad7 was significantly lower in the plasmid group than in the sham-operated group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but obviously higher than in the vacant plasmid group and simply transplantation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Short hairpin RNA-TGF-β1 plasmid could significantly improve the renal function of rat renal allografts probably by downregulating phosphorylated Smad3 and upregulating phosphorylated Smad7,leading to the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 promoting fibrosis role and delay of the allograft fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Toxic effects of excessive thyroid hormone on myocardium can not be ignored with the increased incidence of hyperthyroidism. As a quantitative marker of heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide has a good application prospect to estimate the changes of cardiac function and myocardial damage in hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the correlation of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function of rabbits with hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy exhibiting different left ventricular geometries. METHODS:Twenty New Zealand purebred rabbits were used in this study. Hyperthyroidism model was established by intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine (45 μg/kg) for 4 weeks. The success of establishing model is defined upon the appearance of irritation, decreased body weight and increased appetite. Totaly 18 rats were successfuly established. The left ventricular data of hyperthyroidism rabbits were measured by conventional echocardiography. According to the classification of Ganauet al, the 18 hyperthyroidism rabbits were divided into two groups: concentric hypertrophy (n=7) and eccentric hypertrophy (n=11). In addition, ten rats, receiving intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL saline per day, were taken as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level of rabbits in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy groups was obviously higher than that of the control group (alP < 0.01), and the level in the eccentric hypertrophy group was obviously higher than in the concentric hypertrophy group (P< 0.01). Compared with the control group, the average peak diastolic velocity of mitral ring was significantly lower in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy groups (alP< 0.01), the average peak systolic velocity of mitral ring was also lower in the eccentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.01). The peak systolic and diastolic velocity had a negative correlation with brain natriuretic peptide (alP < 0.01). Experimental findings indicate that brain natriuretic peptide is a sensitive indicator to reflect the cardiac function and myocardial damage in rabbits with hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy, exhibiting different left ventricular geomeies.