Objective To compare the effect of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock and the effect on renal function.Methods 100 shock patients were randomly divided into norepinephrine group and dopamine group,50 cases in each group.On the basis of other anti-shock treatment,norepinephrine or dopamine was used in group A and group B.The mortality of the 7th day and urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine values (CRE) 12h,72h after treatment were observed.Results There was no significant difference between two groups in the 7th day mortality (x2 =0.765,P ＞ 0.05).However,the proportion of arrhythmia in dopamine group was 34％,which was significantly higher than the norepinephrine group(16％) (x2 =3.84,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the BUN and CRE levels in both two groups recovered,the norepinephrine group recovered better than the dopamine group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Norepinephrine and dopamine in the treatment of shock has similar clinical effect,but norepinephrine is more effective in the improvement of renal function compared with dopamine.

0.05).Conclusion In ensuring the prerequisite of the image quality,using correct scanning technique can appropriately decrease the dose of contrast agents in coronary CTA examination.

Objective To study the value of 64-slice spiral CT digital subtraction technique in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.Methods 36 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent 64-slice spiral CT examination,including unenhanced CT scan and enhanced CT scan.The image data were used to reconstruct the conventional CTA and digital subtraction CTA(DSCTA).Then the differences of image quality and diagnostic efficiency between the CTA and DSCTA were compared based on the standard of DSA . Results There were 40 intracranial aneurysms in 36 patients . 40 aneurysms were detected completely by DSCTA,the sensitivity and specificity of the DSCTA were both 100% . 37 aneurysms were detected by CTA , and the sensitivity and specificity were 92.5% and 100%,respectively.There was significant difference in image quality between CTA and DSCTA(P＜0.01).Conclusion DSCTA with 64-slice spiral CT might be the first diagnostic tool in screening intracranial aneurysm.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Oct4 and Wnt2 in human glioma tissues and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of glioma. Methods: Fifty-six paraffin blocks were obtained from glioma patients receiving surgery. The diagnosis of these patients were confirmed by pathology in our hospital from 2006-2009. Immunohistochemi-cal staining was used to examine Oct4 and Wnt2 expression in the brain tissues of 10 patients with acute brain injury and 56 glioma tissues (including 15 recurrent cases). Results: The normal brain tissues were negative of Oct4, with only one case showing weak Wnt2 expression. Thirty-four of the 56 glioma tissues showed positive expression of Oct4 (60.7%), and 40 showed positive expression of Wnt2 (71.4%). Positive expression rates of Oct4 and Wnt2 in low-grade and high-grade glioma tissues were 46.2 %, 73.3% and 57.7 %, 83.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). Oct4 positive rates in the recrudescence and newly diagnosed glioma tissues were 86.7% and 51.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). Oct4 expression in the glioma tissues was positively correlated with that of Wnt2 (r = 0.537, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Expression of Oct4 and Wnt2 is associated with the malignant degrees of glioma, and Oct4 expression is related to the recurrence of glioma. Oct4 might participate in the development and progression of brain glioma through Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective: To clarify the structural and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in individuals with qi stagnation constitution (QSC) and identify the potential biomarkers related to QSC.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved individuals with QSC and balanced constitution (BC) confirmed by TCM clinicians. The clinical features were recorded, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. The structure of the fecal-associated microbiome (FAM) was described by the alpha-diversity indexes, beta-distances, and relative abundances of dominant taxa. The differences in FAM distribution were analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, MetagenomeSeq, and LEfSe analysis. The 16S rDNA gene sequences were assigned to the KEGG dataset to predict the functional information of bacterial metabolic pathways by using PICRUSt. Differences in functional pathways between groups were assessed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The ROC curve based on specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was constructed, and the AUC was calculated. Results: Twenty-two individuals with BC and 8 with QSC were recruited. Significant differences between the two groups were found in body mass index, health status, and low-density lipoprotein, etc. There was no significant difference in the alpha-diversity index. PCoA showed no evident clustering of bacterial communities according to constitutions. Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Pre-votellaceae were the four common bacteria with high abundances. Notably, MetagenomeSeq, LEfSe analysis, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test identified significantly different distributions of 66, 42, and 36 OTUs, respectively. Predictive function analysis showed that 13 metabolic pathways were significantly differentially distributed, including those related to fatty acid synthesis. Five specific OTUs were selected as potential biomarkers of a QSC, and the AUC was 0.94. Conclusion: Individuals with QSC have unique FAM structure and related functional characteristics. Five specific OTUs were identified to serve as potentially effective biomarkers related to QSC.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the structural and functional characteristics of the fecal-associated microbiome(FAM)between the phlegm-dampness constitution(PDC)and balanced consti-tution(BC),and to screen the related specific operational taxonomic unit(OTU)biomarkers.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.After strictly identifying the constitution of subjects,their clinical index was recorded and counted.Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing.Alpha diversity,beta diversity,and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial taxa were used to describe the FAM structure,and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test,MetagenomeSeq,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)were used to screen specific bacterial taxa.Specific OTUs were screened to construct receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:Thirty-two subjects were enrolled,including 22 subjects with BC and 10 subjects with PDC.There were significant differences in cold preference,levels of aspartate transaminase,β2-microglobulin,and creatine kinase MB,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon and Shannoneven)between the two groups.In principal coordinate analysis by abund-jaccard distance measure and partial least squares discriminant analysis,bacterial communities clustered separately between the two groups.Furthermore,based on MetagenomeSeq,LEfSe,and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test,a total of 43,18,and 130 OTUs were differentially distributed between BC group and PDC group,respectively,and OTU200,OTU133,and OTU353 were screened when P＜.01.The area under the ROC curve constructed from the 3 selected OTUs was 0.93.Conclusion:The FAM structure and related functional characteristics of the PDC group differed from those of the BC group.In particular,OTU200,OTU133,and OTU353 can be used as unique markers of PDC to assist clinical diagnosis.

Objective To explore the normal range of the insula volume of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40 ), C ( age range = 41 to 50 ), D ( age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.After three dimension data reconstruction, the volumes of bilateral insula were manually measured.The volume of bilateral insula were compared by paired sample t test.The insula volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test, and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANNOVA.The relationship between the volumes of insula and age,sex or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation, respectively.Results The left snd right side volume of insula before standarized were (7764±1165) and (7387±1128) mm3 respectively, after standarized were (8413±1201 ) and (7871±1140) mm3 respectively.The left insula volume were significant larger than that of right(t = - 10.565, - 16.014,P <0.01 ).The left and fight volume of insula were (8146±1181 ) and (7735±1113) mm3 for male, and (7393±1022) mm3 and (7050±1038) mm3for female.The left and right insula volumes for male were larger than the female's(t = 10.934,9.945 ,P <0.01 ).The left and right insula volume of male after standarized were (8779±1230 ) and (8224±1081 )mm3, female were (8043±1054) and (7515±1091 ) mm3 ,the left and right insula volume of male were larger than the female's ( t = 4.858,4.632, P < 0.01 ).The left insula volumes among Group A, B, C, D,E before standarized were ( 8268±1221 ), ( 8067±1107 ), ( 7869±1109), ( 7603±1111 ), ( 6997±934 )mm3 respectively,the right were (8028±1156), (7636±1075), (7294±986), (7249±1068), (6717±916) mm3 respectively, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F= -0.361,-0.337,P <0.01 ).The left insula volume of A,B,C,D,E after standarized were ( 9093±1105 ), ( 8679±965 ), ( 8810±1136), ( 8202±980), ( 7273±940 )mm3, the right were ( 8694±1005), (8136±1100), (8034±910), (7496±990), (6989±932) mm3, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F = -0.490, -0.512,P < 0.01 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume and age ( before standarizded:r = -0.361, -0.337, after standardized r = -0.490, -0.512, P<0.05).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and cerebral volume ( r = 0.470,0.459, P < 0.05 ).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and weight( r = 0.141, 0.092, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions 1.5 T MR scanner has high resolution, for distinguishing the white matter from the gray matter, and provide morphological data of insula for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.

Objective To explore the value of the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC-min) value in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive cancer of breast.Methods One hundred and forty nine cases of breast cancer verified by histopathology were included in this retrospective study.All the patients underwent dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before the biopsy.The ADC min value and its correlation with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),DCIS and IDC-DCIS were analyzed.Results The mean ADC-min values for IDC,IDC-DCIS and DCIS were (0.95±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.07±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s and (1.24±0.18)×10-3 mm2/s,respectively.The ADC-min value of the three groups showed an increasing trend and there were significant differences (F=32.08,P＜0.01).The optimal cutoff ADC-min value was 1.02 × 10-3 mm2/s to differentiate DCIS from invasive cancer with a sensitivity of 95.0％ and a specificity of 63.6％.Conclusion The ADC min values are significantly different among IDC,IDC-DCIS and DCIS.It may be used as a reliable tool to differentiate DCIS and invasive cancer of breast.

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin B6(VB6)on vascular endothelial injury of atherosclerosis(AS)mice and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-six ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into control group,AS group,VB6 group,AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6 group and AS+VB6+LiCl group,with 6 mice in each group.The mice in the AS group,AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6 group and AS+VB6+LiCl group were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the AS model;the mice in the control group and VB6 group were given regular diet and normal drinking water for 12 weeks.After 12 weeks,the mice in the control group were given conventional diet and the same volume of physiological saline as the VB6 group daily by gavage;the mice in the VB6 group were given routine diet and VB6(50 mg·kg-1)by gavage daily;the mice in the AS+LiCl group were given high-fat diet continuously and LiCl(1 mg·kg-1)by gavage daily;the mice in the AS+VB6 group were given high-fat diet continuously and VB6(50 mg·kg-1)by gavage daily;the mice in the AS+VB6+LiCl group were given high-fat diet continuously and VB6(50 mg·kg-1),LiCl(1 mg·kg-1)by gavage daily;all mice were intervened for 4 weeks.After intervention,the serum nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MD A)levels and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of mice in each group were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of thoracic aortic tissue of mice in each group and the percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area was calculated.The vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta was detected by isolated vascular ring experiment.The expression of sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1(NHE1)protein in thoracic aorta was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the control group,the NO level and SOD activity in the serum of mice in the AS group decreased,while the MDA level increased(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the NO,MDA levels and SOD activity in the serum of mice between the VB6 group and the control group(P＞0.05).Compared with the AS group,the serum NO level and SOD activity of mice in the AS+VB6 group increased,while the MDA level decreased(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in serum NO,MDA levels and SOD activity of mice between the AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6+LiCl group and AS group(P＞0.05).Compared with the AS+VB6 group,the serum NO level and SOD activity of mice in the AS+VB6+LiCl group decreased,while the MDA level increased(P＜0.05).The percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area of mice in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area of mice among the VB6 group and the control group(P＜0.05).The percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area of mice in the AS+VB6 group was significantly lower than that in the AS group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area of mice between the AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6+LiCl group and AS group(P＜0.05).The percentage of AS plaque area to total vascular area of mice in the AS+VB6+LiCl group was significantly higher than that in the AS+VB6 group(P＜0.05).In the control group,the vascular endothelium of mice was smooth with orderly arrangement of cells;in the AS group,AS+LiCl group and AS+VB6+LiCl group,the tissue structure of vascular of mice was disordered and the vascular endothelium was rough;in the VB6 group and AS+VB6 group,the vascular wall structure of mice was normal,the vascular endothelium was smooth,and the cells were arranged orderly.The vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by acetylcholine(Ach)in the AS group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by Ach between the VB6 group and the control group(P＞0.05).The vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by Ach in the AS+VB6 group was significantly lower than that in the AS group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by Ach between AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6+LiCl group and AS group(P＞0.05).The vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by Ach in the AS+VB6+LiCl group was significantly higher than that in the AS+VB6 group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the vasodilatation rate of thoracic aorta of mice induced by sodium nitroprusside among the six groups(P＞0.05).The percentage of NHE1 expression in the thoracic aorta of mice in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the percentage of NHE1 expression in the thoracic aorta of mice between the VB6 group and the control group(P＞0.05).The percentage of NHE1 expression in the thoracic aorta of mice in the AS+VB6 group was significantly lower than that in the AS group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the percentage of NHE1 expression in the thoracic aorta of mice among the AS+LiCl group,AS+VB6+LiCl group and the AS group(P＞0.05).The percentage of NHE1 expression in the thoracic aorta of mice in the AS+VB6+LiCl group was significantly higher than that in the AS+VB6 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion VB6 can improve vascular endothelial injury in AS mice via inhibiting the expression of NHE1 protein.

Objective:To investigate whether the specific traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution of in-dividuals can be defined by certain biological indexes instead of answering the questionnaire,and to explore the possibility of discriminating nine TCM constitutions from each other simultaneously using biological indexes.Methods:Blood and urine samples from 152 individuals with nine TCM constitutions were collected,and the related biological indexes were analyzed combining ANOVA,multiple comparison,discriminant analysis,and support vector machine.Results:We found that 4 out of 24 blood routine indexes,7 out of 10 urine routine indexes,and 12 out of 32 biochemical indexes showed differences among the constitutions.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,apolipoprotein A1,and alkaline phosphatase were potential candidates for screening out individuals with unbalanced constitutions.Combining uric acid,high-density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A1,creatine kinase,total protein,aspartate aminotransferase,total bile acid,dehydrogenase,sodium,and calcium levels had the potential to directly distinguish the nine TCM constitutions from each other.Among these indexes,the highest ratio of discriminant analysis between two constitutions was 95.5％,while the lowest was 66.1％.Conclusion:Our results suggest that some biochemical and urine indexes are related to various TCM constitutions,and thus they have the potential to be used for TCM constitution classification.