Nutrition studies of saturation/excursion dives were made in a hyper-baric chamber. Seven divers were investigated during a period of 26-day N2-O2 saturation dive to 36.5m with excursion to 60-75m using only air. Daily intake of food was surveyed by regular weighing method. The caloric and nutrient intakes were calculated from Chinese food composition tables. Urine samples were collected for estimation of vitamin B1, B2, 4-pyridoxic acid, ascorbic acid and also nitrogen. During the dive they lost the appe- tite for meat and oil, instead they preferred vegetables, fruits and beverages. Thus energy, protein and lipid decreased and a weight loss was observed. The urinary excretion of certain vitamins was reduced, especially marked with thiamine. Accordingly a suggestion on the allowance of certain nutrients was proposed.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the teaching quality of pharmaceutical standard training. METHODS: By introducing the overview of adopting elicitation teaching in the pharmaceutical standard training in Beijing,the training effect was summarized and role and significance were studied. RESULTS:Supervisors applied five teaching modules in the elicitation teaching in the pharmaceu-tical standard training which are concluded“pharmaceutical education and rational use of medicine”“comments of prescription and rational use of medicine”“prescription transfers and rational use of medicine”“medicine counseling and rational use of medicine”“pharmaceutically communication and rational use of drugs medicine”,the result showed that participants had mastered more than 90%of what they had learned;with 92.5%of participants felt elicitation teaching could help improve students’interests in pharma-cy,and strengthen responsibility;80.0% of the participants believed that part of the modules strengthen the training of clinical think-ing;the training of satisfaction to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The elicitation teaching mode can not only improve the teaching quality in pharmaceutical standard training,but also strengthen communication and feedback between teachers and students,students and students to make students more deeply understand and master knowledge and improve teaching quality.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:Medication error(ME)cases report-ed from outpatient department from Oct. 2014 to Sept. 2015 in our hospital were analyzed,including ME category,classification, cause and proportion of persons who triggered or detected ME. RESULTS:Among 207 reports,there was no case of category A, 199 cases of category B,8 cases of category C,no of categories D-I. Among them,162 cases occurred in the links of prescrip-tions by doctors (78.26%),45 cases (21.74%) occurred in the links of dispensing prescriptions by pharmacists,the top 3 ME were improper usage(42.59%),improper administration route(40.74%)and inappropriate solvent(5.56%);the top 3 dispensing errors were variety error(40.00%),specification error(28.89%)and number errors(24.44%). The main causes for prescription errors were incomplete information system(56.17%)and drug information missing of doctors(43.83%);the main causes for dis-pensing errors were double specifications of drugs(35.56%),similar drug name(28.89%)and staffsntired(26.67%). In terms of the persons who triggered ME,the proportions of pharmacists,nurses,patients or their families were 97.58%,1.45% and 0.97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Further strengthening information system and the on-the-job training for physicians and pharmacists can reduce the ME to some extent.

Objective To study the correlations of anxiety and depression at different phases with curative outcomes in female patients at IVF-ET cycle.Methods One hundred and seventeen patients were involved the study using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression(SDS)questionnaires when registered for IVF-ET cycle(T1), one day prior to oocyte retrieval(T2), and 5 to 7 days after embryo transfer(T3).SDS scores and SAS scores were compared between different phases.Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of SAS scores with outcome.Results SDS scores of T1, T2 and T3 phases showed no significant differences(all P<0.05).The SAS scores at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1(all P<0.05), the SAS scores at T2 were higher than that at T3(P<0.05).The SAS scores at T2 in patients achieved clinical pregnancy were significantly lower than that in patients achieved no clinical pregnancy.Logistic regression model showed that lower SAS scores were associated with higher pregnancy rates (P<0.05).Conclusions Anxiety level is the most remarkable one in the phase prior to oocyte retrieval.Low anxiety level prior to oocyte retrieval predicts higher a pregnancy rate.

Objective To study the relation between the TCM constitution and the lung function of asthmatic bronchitis children to lay a foundation to apply the TCM constitution theory in preventing and treating children asthmatic diseases.Methods Following the Zhu's method,120 asthmatic bronchitis children were divided into normal constitution,phlegm-damp constitution,qi deficiency constitution,internal heat constitution,and both qi and yin deficiency constitution.Based on the Su's method,the cases were classified into balance constitution,lung-spleen Ⅰ constitution,lung-spleen Ⅱ constitution,spleen-kidney Ⅰ constitution,and spleen-kidney Ⅱ constitution.Their lung function was tested and the TPTEF /Te and VPTEF/Ve of each constitution were analyzed.Results Of the 120 cases,37 ones (30.8%) were qi deficiency constitution;33 ones (27.5%) were phlegm-damp constitution;and 60 ones (50.0%) were lung-spleen Ⅱ constitution.Compared with those with normal constitution,the cases with the phlegm-damp constitution,qi deficiency constitution,internal heat constitution,and both qi and yin deficiency constitution had significantly lowered TPTEF/Te and VPTEF/Ve (P

Nutrition studies were made on four divers performing a helium-oxygen saturation dive to a simulated depth of 200m in a hyperbaric chamber for about seven days. Daily intake of food was surveyed by regular weighing method and its calories and nutrients were calculated from Chinese food composition table. Fasting blood and 24h urine samples were collected on several occasions before, during and after the dive for estimation of free amino acid, nitrogen and minerals. Vitamin load test was conducted for evaluation of vitamin status. The results showed that during the dive intakes of cereal, meat and oil of divers were decreased, but vegetable, fruit and beverage intakes increased. An average body weight loss of 1.75 kg was found after a 7-day period, but little changes in the body fat. Free amino acid levels of serum and urinary output were reduced, especially the essential amino acids. The urinary excretion of minerals was in an acceptable range, but thiamin decreased markedly and not returned to an acceptable range until 10 days after leaving the hyperbaric chamber.

Objective To explore the technique and effect of selected three-field lymphadenectomy by left thoracotomy in treatment of thoracic middle or lower section esophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods From Jun. 2005 to Mar. 2009, 213 patients with thoracic middle or lower section of esophageal carcinoma received esophagectomy, bilateral mediastinal lymphadenectomy and pleural membrane resection.Group 1 -5, 7 - 12a, 16al, and 19 were performed to dissect abdominal lymph node and extended thoracic and abdominal lymphadenectomy and only lymph node extraction of mesoesophagus in neck field. Results 14197 lymphatic nodes(LN) were detected in 213 case. The average number of resected LN was 66. 65 ±24. 73. The metastatic lymph node was detected in 105 cases. The metastatic rate was 49.05% (105/213).There were 423 metastatic lymph nodes. The lymph nodes metastasis was 2. 97% (423/14197) of all dissected lymphatic nodes. No remnant carcinoma in the upper and lower cutting edge was found in pathological examination. The operation time ranged from 2. 92 ～ 4. 67 ( 3. 37 ± 0. 42) hours. Blood transfusion during perioperative period was 0 ～ 6u ( 1.08 ± 0. 93 ) u. Perioperative plasma transfusion was 0 ～ 1400( 103.77 ± 184. 89) ml. The hospital-time was 14 ～ 39 ( 17.64 ±4. 12) days. There were no anastomotic leakage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. One case died from respiratory failure, the mortality was 0. 04% ( 1/213). Conclusion Surgical approach in the management of left thoracotomy in the sixth intercostals could extend resection of chest-field lymph node dissection, decrease neck field lymph node dissection. Abdomen-field lymph node dissection reached selected D3. The selected lymphadenectomy procedure had the advantages of small traumas and few complications.

0.05),but elevated markedly and acutely to a peak level at 24 h after operation (P

Objective To investigate the effects of on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels before and after operation in elderly patients. Methods Elderly patients aged 60 years and over with coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in the study and divided into off-pump group and on-pump group, each group had 20 cases. Blood samples were collected before surgery, immediately after operation and 6,24 hours, 3 days after operation. The plasma levels of ADM and ET-1 were dectecded by radio immunoassay. Results The levels of ADM and ET-1 were significantly increased immediately after operation in 2 groups of on-and off-pump. The levels of ET-1 in on-pump group and off-pump group were (67.59±10.18) ng/L and (58.73±9.64) ng/L respectively. The levels of ADM in on-and off-groups were (284.90±36.24) ng/L and (243.25±25.70) ng/L. This showed that in on-pump group, the plasma levels of ADM and ET-1 increased more significantly(P＜0.05). The plasma levels of ADM and ET-1 began to decline at 6 hours after operation, and continued to 24 hours after operation. On 3 days after operation, the plasma levels of ADM and ET-1 in off-pump group returned to the preoperative level, but they were still maintained at a high level in on-pump group.Conclusions For elderly patients, both on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can cause endothelial dysfunction, increasing plasma levels of ET-1 and ADM. But compared with the on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has less influence.

Objective To observe the effect of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and on the level of Th17 cells and IL-17.Methods The peripheral blood of 20 incipient SLE patients in active stage were taken,and PBMC were separated for cell culture.Using HCQ and Chlorambucil (CLB) as an intervention,and after cultured for 24 h and 48 h,the apoptosis of PBMC and the level of Th17 were tested using Flow cytometry (FCM),the supernatants were collected to test for the level of cytokine IL-17 by ELISA.One-way ANOVA was used and SNK-q was used in the comparison between every two groups.Results There was significant difference in the apoptosis rate of mononuclear cells between the HCQ and CLB group at 24 h [HCQ:(10.3±0.7)％,CLB:(8.5±1.1)％] and48 h [HCQ:(13.9±0.6)％,CLB:(11.8±0.8)％] (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between HCQ [24 h:(0.81±0.13)％,48 h:(0.73±0.45)％] and CLB group [24 h:(0.78±0.26)％,48 h:(0.68±0.20)％] in Th17 percentage (P＜0.05).The levels of IL-17 in the supematants of the HCQ group [24 h:(26.3±0.97)％,48 h:(24.2±0).91)％] and CLB group [24 h:(24.6±0.7)％,48 h:(22.6±1.1)％] were significandy different between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion HCQ has apoptosis-induction effect on PBMC,and it can decrease the number of Th17 and IL-17 level in the PBMCs.