Objective To study effective methods for improving the cure rate of hypospadias. Methods Microsurgical techniques were employed for the primary repair of different types of hypospadias in 64 pediatric cases. The patients were aged 7 months ~ 14 years (mean, 5.6 years). The location of the opening was at the glans and the coronal ditch in 16 cases, at the body of the penis in 36 cases, and at the scrotum and perineum in 12 cases. Accompanying malformations or morbidities included 3 cases of translocation of penis and scrotum, 4 cases of cryptorchidism, 2 cases of hydrocele, and 2 cases of indirect hernia. There were 1 case of previous chordee correction without urethroplasty and 2 cases of failure from a Duckett procedure. Different techniques were employed for different types of hypospadias: the meatoplasty and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) for subcoronal hypospadias, the Mathieu flip-flap procedure for proximal hypospadias, the Snodgrass repair or the Onlay island flap repair for distal hypospadias, the Duckett procedure or the Hodgson procedure for severe hypospadias with chordee, and the Duplay procedure combined with the Duckett procedure for anterior hypospadias. A cystostomy was required in 20 cases due to re-operation, unsatisfactory foreskin, or severe hypospadias. Results Fifty-seven cases were cured (89.1%, 57/64). The operation time was 90~180 min (mean, 120 min). The intraoperative blood loss was less than 15 ml. Surgical complications included 3 cases of urethral fistula and 4 cases of urethral stenosis. No urethral diverticulum was found. Follow-up checkups in 54 cases for 2~36 months (mean, 19 months) showed satisfactory curative results. Conclusions Use of microsurgery techniques, proper selection of surgical methods, and careful surgical performance are helpful to improve the success rate of the surgery. The microsurgery is feasible for infants and younger children with hypospadias.

The weaning male Wistar rats were fed diets with 0.2, 2.0 and 5.0 ppm as Na2SeO4 respectively for 7 weeks. On each Se level, rats were divided into groups with or without supplementation of vitamin E and DL-methi-onine (VE-Met) and possible metabolic interactions of VE-Met to dietary Se at different levels in relation to the detoxification mechanism were ob- served. The results showed that only rats in unsupplemented, 5 ppm Se-diet group exhibited distinct toxic manifestations, and supplementation of VE-Met to this group gave effective protection against the toxic action. In the supplemented group Se content of blood, liver, kidneys and skeletal muscle of the experimental animals was decreased, while the excretory rate of urinary trimethylselenonium ion was increased to a level of 33% in contrast to 22% in the unsupplemented group (P

BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy alone is not suitable for tumor-caused vertebral fractures and neurological dysfunction. In recent years, 125I radiation particles have been widely used in a variety of primary or secondary tumors and achieved good results. Percutaneous kyphoplasty can restore vertebral height efficiently, remodel spinal stability, and relieve pain.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate safety and effectiveness of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with 125I in patients with metastatic spinal tumors.
METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted to review 30 cases of metastatic spinal tumors undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with 125I from March 2011 to July 2012. Symptoms, signs, and imaging findings were col ected and analyzed. Al the patients had a refractoriness back pain. CT scan showed osteolytic changes in the vertebrae. The visual analogue scales, WHO standards for pain relief and Owestry disability index were recorded to analyze the clinical symptoms outcome and recovery of neurological function, and the change of height in abnormal vertebrae was measured. The fol ow-up time was 1 day, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Operations in al the 30 patients were done successful y. Al patients got a conspicuous pain relief in 24 hours after operation, and nospinal injury or compression was found. There were significant differences in scores of visual analogue scales, pain levels, Owestry disability index, and the height of vertebral bodies before and after operation (P<0.05). During postoperative fol ow-up of 1 and 6 months, scores of visual analogue scales, pain levels, Owestry disability index, and the height of vertebral bodies showed no difference from those at 24 hours postoperatively (P>0.05). Bone cement leakage occurred in the anterior longitudinal ligament (n=2) and intervertebral space (n=2), and no serious complications occurred. Percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with 125I is a safe and effective way to treat metastatic spinal tumors, which can quickly ease the pain caused by spinal tumor, recover the abnormal vertebral height, reduce complications and improve life quality of patients.

Objective To discuss the value of percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) in treating intertrochanteric fractures. Methods A retrospective study was done on 57 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PCCP from January 2008 to January 2009 to evaluate the operative effect.Results All the fractures were healed in 11-15 weeks after the operation, with no incision infection, hematoma, internal fixation failure or fracture collapse. Two surgical incisions were for 2 cm, with no blood transfusion found in any patient. According to Harris score, the postoperative excellent rate reached 92.6%. Conclusion PCCP can attain similar effect wiht DHS and now is the choice of treatment in treating intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patients.

Thirty-six cases of delayed tramatic intracranial hematomas are reported in this paper. Among them 9, 5, 10 and 12 cases were epidural, subdural, intracerebral and multiple hematomas, respectively. The initial CT scans showed normal or brain contusions accompanied by a Me hemorrhage in 23 patients, and delayed intracranial hematomas developed after the earlier neurosurgical operations for evacuations of another traumatic mass lessions for urgent decompressions in 13 patients. Delayed hematomas occurred mostly in the acute stage of head injuries and most patients were impacted occipitally. Deterioration of consciousness was the most important manifestation for diagnosis. The responsible mechanisms of delayed intracranial hematomas are investigated and the indications of repeat CT scans or surgery for its early diagnosis are Droposed.

The distribution of virus antigen of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in infected suckling mice brain was studied by indirect immunofluorescence procedure. The specific fluorescence was presented in the following areas: (l)the limbic system, including the cingulate cortex, the piriform cortex, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral septal nucleus, the hippocampus, the dental gyrus, the dorsomedial nucleus and lateral nuclei of thalamus, and several nuclei of the hypothalamus; (2)the special sensory nuclei, such as the medial and spinal vestibular nuclei, the cochlear nucleus, and the lateral lemniscus nucleus; (3)the nuclei associated with analgesic function, including the periaqueductal gray substance, the trigeminal sensory nucleus, the raphe nuclei of midbrain etc; (4)the extrapyramidal structures, for example, the caudal-putamen, the pallidum, the entopeduncular nucleus, the cerebellum and several nuclei of reticular formation in brainstem.

Hearts from eight adult dogs were perfused through both coronary arteries with methylmethacrylate. Small specimens cut out from the left ventricular wall were eroded in 50% HCL for 5-7 days. The replicas were studied under the SEM (S-450). The main results were outlined as follows: The subendocardial capillary plexus composed of varied shapes and orientation of meshes was present. The capillary network of the myocardial layers was consisted of many parallel capillaries and between them a variety of models of anastomoses, such as "H" "K" and "8" modes etc, were observed. In our findings, it was demonstrated that the arteriole and venule were distributed between the myocardial bundles and their direction was often perpendicular to the myocardial bundles. The postcapillary venules were poured into venule by the "ginger or turnip root" arrangement. The replicas of the Thebesian veins were proved in our specimens. The A-V shunting was not observed.

Three fresh kidneys removed from three adult bodies were perfused through the renal artery with 5％ and 10％ ABS (a copolymer of allylcyanide, butadiene and styrolene). Small specimens removed from the kidney were digested in 50％ HCI. Cast replicas of renal arteries and their branches were taken and examined with SEM (S-450 or S-520). The results were as follows.The capillary network of the area of the polar cushion cell were observed at the hilum of glomerulus in our casts. Their appearances are triangular, tetragonal or comma-like. In general, the shape of the meshes of the capillary network was round, oval, triangular or tetragonal. The diameters of the meshes were smaller than that of the vessels themselves. The microvessels of the area of the polar cushion cell, which mainly originated from the afferent arteriole, were continuous with the capillary of the glomerulus. The afferent arteriole was often traveled in the central part of the area of the polar cushion cell. The function of the microvessels of the area of the polar cushion cell was discussed in this article.

The vascular architecture of the adult man testis was examined by using thevascular casting method combined with scanning electron microscopy.The circuitousmain branches of testicular artery ran radially from testicular porta towards testicu-lar free border in tunica vasculosa.The test(?)cular surface veins were accompaniedby the main branches of testicular artery and they converged from testicular circum-ference circuitously towards testicular porta.There were centripetal artery andvein as well as centrifugal artery and vein in the septula testis.The intertubularblood vessels and the peritubular capillary plexus were contained in the testicularlobules.The latter was made up of two capillary layers.The outer layer was capil-lary network interwined in fine capillaries.The inner layer was coarse capillarycircles.The interstitial capillary plexus was situated in interstitial tissue between theseminiferous tubules and compose of capillaries arising from the origin of someperitubular capillaries.