OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of beta-adrenergic receptor 2 (beta2-AR) and vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the occurrence and development of infantile hemangioma through detecting the expression of beta2-AR and VEGFR-2 in the different stages of infantile hemangiomas.

METHODSAccording to the Mulliken's classification standard, we classified the specimens as proliferating group (32 cases), involuting group (17 cases) and involuted group (11 cases). Normal skin tissue surrounding the hemangioma from 7 cases were chosen as control group. The expression of beta2-AR and VEGFR-2 was detected by immunohistochemical technique in proliferating hemangioma, involuting hemangioma, involuted hemangioma. The mean optical density was measured by image analysis system (Image Pro Plus 6.0) and SPSS 16.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe expression of beta2-AR and VEGFR-2 was strongly positive in proliferating hemangioma, while positive in involuting hemangioma and weakly positive in the involuted stage. The mean optical density of each phase was 0.064 751 2 +/- 0.012 747, 0.031 6017 +/- 0.006 848,0.011 869 8 +/- 0.039 349 for beta2-AR, and 0.068 940 9 +/- 0.029 274, 0.028 445 5 +/- 0.006 396, 0.011 184 1 +/- 0.004 198 for VEGFR-2. The differences between different stages had a statistically significance (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis on the mean optical density between beta2-AR and VEGFR-2 had a statistically significance (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSBeta2-AR and VEGFR-2 may be involved in the occurrence and development of infantile hemangioma.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; metabolism

Objective To optimize the matrix formula of propranolol hydrochloride gels. Methods On the basis of single factor experiment, central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize the formula. Addition levels of glycerol (A), PEG-400 (B) and HPMC (C) were evaluated as the independent variables.Eight-hour accumulative penetration amount per unit area measured by HPLC was used as the index. Quadratic polynomial was used to estimate the relationship between the index and the independent variables, and to delineate response surface and overlay contour plots in order to select the optimal formulations.Finally, predicted responses were verified. Results The optimized formula consisted of 18.53% glycerol, 8.54% PEG-400 and 2.35% HPMC.The quadratic polynomial regression model of 8-h accumulative penetration amount per unit area:R1=-7 415. 69+306. 10A+167. 47B+4 820. 59C-8. 26A2-9. 81B2-1 025. 75C2 , and the cumulative transmittance was 49.6%. Conclusion A credible model is established by using central composite design-response surface method and the formula of propranolol hydrochloride gels is optimized and the gel is stable and controllable.

BACKGROUND:Open reduction and plate internal fixation has become a major repair and treatment method for clavicle fracture, however, this method often causes postoperative local skin numbness and hypoesthesia. Currently, there was stil controversial about the effect of internal fixation on the free protection of supraclavicular nerve. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical significance of supraclavicular nerve dissection and protection on open reduction and plate internal fixation of clavicle fracture. METHODS:Total y 57 patients with the middle third of the clavicle fracture were randomly divided into control group (n=34) and nerve protection group (n=23). Patients in these two groups al underwent plate internal fixation treatment. Patients in the nerve protection group underwent precious identifications and dissections of supraclavicular nerve when approaches were being done, careful y protections in the process of internal fixation. The incidence of local numbness, numbness severity, size, degree of influence on life, the improvement of the degree of numbness and pain were compared during the telephone fol ow-up after 1 year of surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 17 patients were fol owed up in each group. At the time of most serious symptom, 100%of al patients appeared local numbness in the control group, while 16 (94%) patients affected numbness in the nerve protection group. Until the latest fol ow-up, the number of patients with mild numbness symptoms decreased to 7 (41%) in control group and 3 (18%) in the nerve protection group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The severity of numbness and the degree of influence on daily life al improved over time. These results suggest that local skin numbness is a higher incidence of complications after the internal fixation for clavicle fracture. The protection of the supraclavicular nerve may help the improvement of the long-term numbness symptoms, but not as good as expected.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of lauromacrogol foam sclerosant in the treatment of peripheral venous malformations.Methods 21 patients with peripheral venous malformations were treated with foam sclerotherapy.The sclerosing foam was produced by Tessari's method using 1％ lauromacrogol.When necessary,the injections were repeated at an interval of four weeks,and this process contained 3 to 5 injections.Therapeutic outcomes and safety were established by evaluating size of lesion,symptom,duration of treatment and side-effects of treatment before and after treatment.Results 21 patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months.10 cases showed markedly shrinked or even disappeared of treated malformations,9 cases showed a reduction in size over 50 ％,and 2 cases showed a reduction in size less 50 ％.Local swelling occurred in almost per session,pyrexia in 5 patients,which resolved spontaneously within several days to 1 week.No major complication occurred.Conclusions Foam sclerotherapy using lauromacrogol seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic method for peripheral venous malformations.

Penicillium decumbens T. is an important filamentous fungus for the production of cellulases to effectively degrade lignocellulose for second generation biofuel production. In order to enhance the capability of Penicillium decumbens to produce cellulases, we constructed a creB (a deubiquitinating enzyme encoding gene) deletion cassette, and generated a creB knockout strain with homologous double crossover recombination. This mutation resulted in a detectable decrease of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect. The filter paper activity, endoglucanase activity, xylanase activity and exoglucanase activity of the deltacreB strain increased by 1.8, 1.71, 2.06 and 2.04 fold, respectively, when comparing with the parent strain Ku-39. A 2.68 fold increase of extracellular protein concentration was also observed. These results suggest that the deletion of creB results in CCR derepression. These data also suggest that CREB influences cellulase production of Penicillium decumbens. In generation, this study provides information that can be helpful for constructing cellulase hyper-producing strain.
Cellulase ; biosynthesis ; Endopeptidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; metabolism ; Penicillium ; enzymology ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Ubiquitinated Proteins ; genetics ; Ubiquitination

PURPOSE: The characteristic expression of DNA damage response proteins in familial breast cancers with BRCA1, BRCA2, or non-BRCA1/2 mutations has not been analyzed in Chinese patients. Our study aimed to assess the differential expression of microcephalin 1 (BRIT1), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1, RAD51 recombinase (RAD51), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and establish the profile of Chinese familial breast cancers with different mutation status. METHODS: We constructed five tissue microarrays from 183 familial breast cancer patients (31 with BRCA1 mutations; 14 with BRCA2 mutations, and 138 with non-BRCA1/2 mutations). The DNA response and repair markers used for immunohistochemistry analysis included BRIT1, ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, RAD51, and PARP-1. The expressions of these proteins were analyzed in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. The association between pathologic characteristics with BRCA1/2 mutation status was also analyzed. RESULTS: In familial breast cancer patients, BRCA1 mutated tumors were more frequent with high nuclear grade, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, low Ki-67, and positive CK5/6. BRCA1 mutated tumors had lower CHEK2 and higher cytoplasmic BRIT1 expression than BRCA2 and non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. BRCA2-associated tumors showed higher CHEK2 and cytoplasmic RAD51 expression than those in other groups. Nuclear PARP-1 expression in BRCA1/2-associated tumors was significantly higher than in non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. Moreover, we found quite a few of negative PARP-1 expression cases in BRCA1/2 mutated groups. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathologic findings of BRCA1-associated Chinese familial breast cancers were similar to the results of other studies. Chinese familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations might have distinctive expression of different DNA damage response proteins. The reduced expression of PARP-1 in Chinese BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer patients could influence the therapeutic outcome of PARP-1 inhibitors.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Damage* ; DNA Repair ; DNA* ; Estrogens ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phosphotransferases ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Objective: To investigate whether N6-methyladenine DNA(6-mA DNA) modification is related to the occurrence of infantile hemangiomas (IH) at the epigenetic level. Methods: The genomic 6-mA DNA data were obtained by MeDIP and high-throughput sequencing. The 6-mA DNA methylation levels in 3 proliferative hemangioma specimens and adjacent skin tissues were compared by u-test. The functional differences of 6-mA modified genes were analyzed by GO analysis. Results: The level of 6-mA DNA modification in IH tissue was higher. The coverage of 6-mA Peaks in the genome was 0.037% in the tumor tissue, and the coverage of 6-mA Peaks in the surrounding skin tissue was 0.013% in the genome. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (u=5999.87, P=0.00). The gene functions of differentially 6-mA modified genes in tumors were enriched in mesoderm development, stem cell differentiation, mesenchymal development, and cell cycle. These gene functions were closely related to the pathogenesis of IH. Conclusion Abnormal 6-mA DNA modification may be one of the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of recipient-site pre-expansion via tumescent anesthesia in facial fat grafting .Methods Facial fat grafting was operated through the technology of recipient-site pre-expansion via tumescent anesthesia .The high-frequency ultrasonography was used to record the changes of soft tissue thickness , blood flow signal and transplant area in certain-points.Theresult were analyzed by SPSS 11.5.The survival rates of fat grafting were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test.The area of soft tissue blood flow signals were analyzed by variance analysis .The patients' postoperative satisfaction rates and pain were evaluated by mean value .Results 14 cases were treated , with obvious improvement .Results of high frequency ultrasonography showed the median and quartile spacing of the soft tissue thickness was 70.1％(53.85％), 56.4％(51.95％), and 16.7％in the first month, third month and the sixth month after operation , separately.The difference between the three groups was statistically significant (H=1.4 ×108, P<0.05).The area of soft tissue blood flow signals was(3.97 ±0.84)‰,(2.21 ±0.55)‰,(6.89 ±2.39)‰,(14.61 ±4.66)‰,(9.39 ±3.94)‰, (15.87 ±3.02)‰before the operation, 24 hours, the first month, third month and the sixth month after operation,separately.The difference between the six groups were statistically significant (F=3.471, P <0.05).No complication occurred in the following-up period.Patients were satisfied with the pain relief. Conclusions It is safe and effective to apply recipient-site pre-expansion via tumescent anesthesia in fat grafting.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of common medication treatments on Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find out the observational studies on medication treatment of KHE and TA. R-3.6.2 was used for calculate the pooled response rate and pooled adverse events rate. Meta analyses were performed according to KHE and TA with and without Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) respectively. SPSS 22.0 was used to compare the pooled rates among each therapy.Results:A total of 30 studies regarding the medication treatment of KHE and TA were identified in this meta-analysis. Analyzed medicines included glucocorticoid, vincristine, sirolimus, propranolol, combination therapy of vincristine and glucocorticoid. The pooled results indicated that when referring therapy on KHE and TA with KMP, the pooled response rate of combination therapy (98.34%) and sirolimus (96.43%) was higher than that of other therapies, and the difference was statistically significant. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus (5.53%) was relatively higher than other modalities, with no statistically significance. As for therapy on KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus (94.23%) had higher pooled response rate than glucocorticoid (31.25%), vincristine (46.15%) and propranolol (22.86%), with statistically significant differences. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus was 23.81%.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that for KHE and TA with KMP, combination therapy (sirolimus + glucocorticoid) and vincristine have the best efficacy, while the adverse events rate of sirolimus is relatively high. For KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus has the highest response rate, but there is also a risk of serious adverse events. Glucocorticoid and vincristine have comparable response rate, which both inferior to sirolimus.

Objective:To explore the application and choice of trunk perforator flaps in chest wound repair.Methods:From May 2015 to December 2019, clinical data of 14 patients using trunk perforator flap for chest soft tissue defect repair were reviewed. They were 8 males and 6 females, aged from 17 to 74 years. 5 patients had wound after scar surgery. 6 patients had benign lesions, and 3 patients had malignant tumors. The size of tissue defects ranged from 6.0 cm×8.0 cm-20.0 cm×21.0 cm. The perforator flaps were designed to repair different wounds. Preoperatively, the perforators are identified by ultrasound or CTA, and the flap scope and surgical approach are designed according to the perforator alignment and the perforated muscle point. Postoperatively, the survival of the flap was observed and followed up for at least 6 months.Results:All 17 flaps of 14 patients survived. The flap area was 7.0 cm × 8.0 cm-22.0 cm × 22.0 cm, and the length of the pedicle was 2.0-6.0 cm. All patients were followed up for 6 to 26 months with satisfied result . Recurrence occurred in one of the patients with thoracic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.Conclusions:The perforator artery of the trunk is densely and easy to obtain. The combined flaps could be used to repair large chest defects. The first-stage suture of the donor area, so it meets the organization transplantation principle of "the repair is perfect, the damage is small" .