Total and water soluble selenium in soil, and total, tetravalent and he-xavalent selenium in drinking water were determined fluorimetrically by 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene. The digestive mixture was composed of sulphuric, perchloric acids and sodium molybdate 0.2 g of soil and 20 ml of water samples were sufficient for analysis when their selenium concentrations were at the level of 0.1 ppm and 1 ppb respectively. Coefficient of variation and recovery for soil was 12% and 92 ?6%, and for water was 4.3-5.8% and 98 ?2% respectively. Tetravalent and hexavalent selenium content could be measured differentially by the addition or omission of hydrochloric acid in ordinary water samples containing only small amounts of organic matter. In addition to tetravalent selenium substantial amounts of hexavalent selenium may occur occasionally in drinking water and it is thus necessary to add hydrochloric acid to the final digests to completely reduce hexavalent selenium to the tetravalent state for the estimation of total selenium in water samples.

From October 1978 through 1983, 225 rectal cancer patients were randomized into R+S group (115 patients) and S only group (110 patients). The radiation dose of pre-operative radiotherapy was 30～45Gy/3～4.5 wks. Radical or palliative resection was done after a rest of 2～4 weeks. The lymphatic metastasis and local recurrence rates of the R+S group (20.6% and 27.8%) were lower than those of the S only group(32.7% and 41.8%)(P

BACKGROUND: Calcium sulfate/poly amino acid compound materials carrying triple anti-tuberculosis drugs have been proved to have excellent slow release performance based on our preliminary studies on the physical and chemical properties and the release properties of the compound materials.OBJECTIVE: To observe the slow release performance of the calcium sulfate/poly(amino acid) compound material carrying triple anti-tuberculosis drugs in a rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis.METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were used to make L4-5 spinal tuberculosis models and divided into two groups in a random way following removal of tuberculosis lesions. Calcium sulfate/poly amino acid compound material carrying isoniazide, rifampicin, pyrazinamide or calcium sulfate/poly(amino acid)compound material with no drugs was implanted into the defect in the experimental or control group,respectively. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after implantation, the concentrations of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the defect region, including the bone tissue, adjacent psoas major and inferior vena cava,were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, the isoniazid levels in the damaged bone tissue and psoas major were kept in minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 8 weeks after implantation and in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the end of 12 weeks after implantation, while its level in the vein was kept in MBC at 2 weeks and in MIC at 8 weeks. The rifampicin levels in the bone tissue and psoas major were kept in MBC at 4 weeks after implantation and in the MIC at 8 weeks after implantation, while its level in the vein was kept MIC at 4 weeks.The pyrazinamide levels in the damaged bone tissue and psoas major were kept in MBC at 8 weeks after implantation and in the MIC until 8 weeks after implantation, while its level in the vein was kept MIC at 8 weeks. In the control group,there were no levels of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the damaged bone tissue, adjacent psoas major and inferior vena cava in comparison with the baseline. These results show that isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the defect region can achieve sustained slow release in the rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis after implantation of the calcium sulfate/poly(amino acid) compound material carrying triple anti-tuberculosis drugs. In addition, the local drug concentration and duration in the defect region are better than those in the blood.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial and coronary endothelial injury occurs in donor hearts due to warm ischemia during cardiac transplantation. Coronary endothelial structure and function play a critical role in long-term outcomes for patients after cardiac transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hypoxia-induced warm ischemia (20 minutes) on coronary endothelial function of porcine donor hearts after cardiac death (DCD). METHODS:Sixteen healthy Swedish domestic pigs were randomized into control (n=6), DCD (n=5), and DCD plus cold storage (n=5) groups, respectively. A DCD model in pigs was established using the method of hypoxia-induced 20-minute warm ischemia in the DCD and DCD plus cold storage groups. Isolation of the heart left anterior descending coronary artery or combined with heart preservation pretreatment for 4 hours was performed in the DCD and DCD plus cold storage groups. The maximum coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation was determined in the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no significant differences in the maximum coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation and the minus logarithmic of substance concentration induced 50%maximal relaxation among three groups (P>0.05). These results indicate that 20-minute warm ischemia cannot lead to obvious coronary endothelial dysfunction. In addition, DCD combined with 4-hour cold storage does not affect coronary endothelial function.

A modification of Watkinson's method was used for the flaorimetric determination of selenium in blood, hair, urine and animal tissues with 2,3-Di-aminonaphthalene. A mixture of sulphuric, perchloric acid and sodium molybdate was used for digestion. As little as 3 ng selenium in the sample could be estimated out. Coefficients of variation and recoveries for blood, hair, urine and animal tissues were 3.9, 5.5, 3.3 and 5.6%, and 97.0, 95.0, 97.8 and 99.8% respectively. No significant difference in selenium content estimated was found as graded amounts of samples were taken for analysis, indicating no foreign interference in the extracts. Both precision and accuracy of this method are satisfactory.

2,3-Diaminonaphthalene was used for the fluorometric determination of selenium in cereals and vegetables. Nitric-perchloric-sulphuric acids mixture was used for digestion. Coefficient of variation and recovery for cereals were 4-10% and 97.1%, and for vegetables were 4-18% and 97.8% respectively. Addition of hydrochloric acid to the final digests could be omitted for ordinary cereals and soybean, but it was necessary for samples from seleni-ferous area and some vegetables with higher selenium content such as mushrooms.

Aortic lesions involving branch vessels have always been a great challenge for vascular surgeons. Endovascular repair are growing to take place of traditional open repair for less invasion and lower complication rates. Despite rapid developments in endovascular instruments have been achieved in the last decade, and endovascular techniques such as fenestration stents have been applied in the treatment of aortic lesions involving branch vessels. However, endovascular repairing aortic lesions involving branch vessels remains being restricted by rigorous indication selection as well as requirements of advanced experiences and sophisticated skills. Recently, several studies about treating aortic lesion involving branch vessels with multi-layer bare stents have been reported, the primary results were encouraging and brought new visions for the management of such disease. More approving clinical evidences about the safety and efficacy of multi-layer stents are anticipated.
Aorta ; pathology ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Stents

PURPOSE: The characteristic expression of DNA damage response proteins in familial breast cancers with BRCA1, BRCA2, or non-BRCA1/2 mutations has not been analyzed in Chinese patients. Our study aimed to assess the differential expression of microcephalin 1 (BRIT1), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1, RAD51 recombinase (RAD51), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and establish the profile of Chinese familial breast cancers with different mutation status. METHODS: We constructed five tissue microarrays from 183 familial breast cancer patients (31 with BRCA1 mutations; 14 with BRCA2 mutations, and 138 with non-BRCA1/2 mutations). The DNA response and repair markers used for immunohistochemistry analysis included BRIT1, ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, RAD51, and PARP-1. The expressions of these proteins were analyzed in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. The association between pathologic characteristics with BRCA1/2 mutation status was also analyzed. RESULTS: In familial breast cancer patients, BRCA1 mutated tumors were more frequent with high nuclear grade, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, low Ki-67, and positive CK5/6. BRCA1 mutated tumors had lower CHEK2 and higher cytoplasmic BRIT1 expression than BRCA2 and non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. BRCA2-associated tumors showed higher CHEK2 and cytoplasmic RAD51 expression than those in other groups. Nuclear PARP-1 expression in BRCA1/2-associated tumors was significantly higher than in non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. Moreover, we found quite a few of negative PARP-1 expression cases in BRCA1/2 mutated groups. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathologic findings of BRCA1-associated Chinese familial breast cancers were similar to the results of other studies. Chinese familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations might have distinctive expression of different DNA damage response proteins. The reduced expression of PARP-1 in Chinese BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer patients could influence the therapeutic outcome of PARP-1 inhibitors.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Damage* ; DNA Repair ; DNA* ; Estrogens ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phosphotransferases ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment of pathologic vertebral surgery for thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis. Methods All of 322 cases of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis patients from December 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed in our department. All patients were underwent debridement, fusion and nerve decompres?sion surgery. According to different fixed methods, patients were divided into pathologic vertebral surgery group (fixation complet?ed within lesions invaded motion unit) including 91 males and 100 females, with an average age of 41.53 years, and non?pathologic vertebral surgery group (long segments or short segment fixation) including 61 males and 70 females, with an average age of 42.72 years. We observed the tuberculosis cure rate, degrees of deformity, pain and neurological recovery, operative time, blood loss and complications by follow?up. Results The average follow?up time was 75.52 months in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 76.21 months in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group. The total number of pathologic vertebras in pathologic vertebral surgery group and non?pathologic vertebral surgery group were 277 and 218 respectively, and the average was 1.45 and 1.66. The total number of fixed segments was 277 in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 485 in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average fixed segments was 1.45 and 3.70. The cure rate was 85.86%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 85.49%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group at 6 months postoperatively, and 98.95%and 98.47%at the last follow?up time, with no signifi?cant difference between groups. Graft fusion rate was 89.00%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 89.31%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group 6 months postoperatively, 98.38%and 98.47%at the last follow?up time, without significant difference. In lumbar spine, the average correction of Cobb's angle was 12.4° in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 13.1° in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 1.3 and 1.4°, with no significant difference. In thoracolumbar, the average correction of Cobb’s angle was 10.9°in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 11.1°in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 1.7°and 1.5° respectively, without significant difference. However, in thoracic, the average correction of Cobb's angle was 10.2° in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 12.7° in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 3.6° and 2.5°respectively, with significant difference. The mean operation time was 210.45 min in pathologic verte?bral surgery group and 210.45 min in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with significant difference. The average blood loss was 726.12 ml in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 726.12 ml in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with significant dif?ference. The complication rate was 11.51%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 11.45%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with no significant difference. Conclusion Pathologic vertebral surgery surgery is a safe, effective and feasible method of operation for treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis, which can effectively preserve adjacent normal vertebral motion unit features. The thoracic surgery was less satisfactory than the lumbar and thoracolumbar surgery.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of treating aortic arch disease with ascending aorta to carotid artery revascularization and subsequent endovascular repair.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to June 2013, 10 high risk patients with aortic arch disease were treated with ascending aorta to carotid artery revascularization with subsequent endovascular repair in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. There were 9 male and 1 female patients with a mean age of (54 ± 14) years (ranging from 34 to 71 years). Of the 10 patients, 8 were aortic dissection and 2 were thoracic aortic aneurysm. All aortic arch debranching was performed with mid-sternotomy, including 7 ascending aorta to innominate artery and left common carotid artery bypass, and 3 ascending aorta to left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery bypass.Subsequently, simultaneous (n = 5) and staged (n = 5, mean interval (7 ± 4) days) endovascular repair were performed via femoral artery.

RESULTSTechnical success rate was 10/10. The 30 day-mortality was 3/10, including 1 brain stem infarction, 1 circulatory failure and 1 aorto-tracheal fistula. Complication included 1 type II endoleak. The median time of follow-up was 24 (14) months. CT scanning was performed at 1, 3 months and annually thereafter. There was no death and no occlusion of bypass during follow-up.No complication occurred except 1 existing type II endoleak.

CONCLUSIONAscending aorta to carotid artery revascularization with subsequent endovascular repair is suitable for high risk aortic arch pathology patients in poor general condition with little tolerance to aortic arch replacement.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; Aortic Diseases ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Endoleak ; Endovascular Procedures ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sternotomy ; Subclavian Artery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Wound Healing