Objective To summarize the experience of performing a variety of hepatectomies by occluding the branches of the hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV) to the liver lobe, segment or subsegments in hilar H fissure for 344 patients in this hospital from 1987 to 2008. Methods (1) According to the size and location of the liver focus, major hepatectomy (66 cases), resection of separated hepatic subsegments (15 cases HS), resection of adjacent HS (216 cases) and resection of single HS (46 cases) were performed. (2) For left lateral HS, the left lateral inferior PV and left lateral superior PV originating from the lateral aspect of the left PV (LPV) were dissected, isolated and severed in umbilical fissure after the LHA was occluded. (3) For left medial HS, the left medial inferior PV and left medial superior PV originating from the medial aspect of the left PV were dissected、isolated and severed in umbilical fissure after the middle HA was occluded. (4) For right anterior HS, the right anterior PV was isolated and occluded in the anteior sulcus of the right longitudinal fissure (RLF) after the RHA behind the main hepatic duct was occluded. (5) For right posterior HS, the right posterior PV was isolated and occluded in the posterior sulcus of RLF after RHA was occluded.(6)The corresponding hepatic venous stem was protected as much as possible during the operation.Results (1) The operative mortality was 2.9% (10/344). Of these 10 patients, 8 died of liver failure and 2 bleeding. (2) Ten HCC patients (n=200) survived for 11～20 years, 4 for 7years, 19 for 5years and the 5-year survival rate was 18. 3% (33/180). For patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n= 14), only 3 survived for 13, 6, 4 years, respectively. The patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n=13) survived for 1/2～3 years. Those with carcinoma of the gallbladder (n=12) survived for 1/2～1 year. All the patients with benign liver diseases (n=92) were cured. In 7 patients with intrahepatic lithiasis, the stones in other locations needed to be managed. Conclusion (1) Separated multiple hepatic subsegmentectctomy is an effective procedure to cure the compacted stones in 2～6 subsegmental hepatic ducts in both right and left lobes. (2) This procedure is reasonable, effective and of low cost for hepatectomy, worthy of being used because of the decrease in the ischemic liver mass and blood loss in operation, increase in the resectability of bulk liver cancer, alleviation of postoperative liver dysfunction and meeting the technical needs of a variety of hepatectomies for various liver diseases fulfilled by regional vascular occlusion at hepatic hilum instead of total hepatic afferent blood flow occlusion.

Four different methods are suggested for the practical supplementation of selenium to the residents in Keshan Disease areas. They are: distribution of selenite tablets, enrichment of table salt with sodium selenite, use of foliar sprays on grain crops and selection of relatively selenium-rich foods in affected areas.Selenium contents of corn and rice could be raised to a level of about 0.07 and 0.05 pprn respectively by application of foliar sprays. A vailability of the increased selenium is similar to that occurred naturally in corn, as demonstrated by animal experiment. Furthermore, by this method the bio-availability of selenium is better than the other methods of administration.Observation on residents who were treated with selenite table salt for three years and three months revealed that the salt enriched with 10 ppm of sodium selenite is enough to maintain the residents' hair selenium concentration to a level above 0.2 ppm, if an average of 15 g of the salt could be taken from meals daily by an adult. Either by calculation based upon 10 ppm of sodium selenite concentration suggested or by dietary survey, a daily selenium intake of around 60 ?g is required to maintain such a hair selenium level.Since about a half-year's administration is required in order to raise the hair selenium level above 0.2 ppm, an extraoral selenite tablet supplementation seems needed during the early stage of Se table salt treatment.Availability of selenium in selenite iodized table salt is not altered either after one-year storage or after manufacture for fermented soybean curd or salted vegetables. No harmful substance was detected during manufacture of dishes as evidenced by animal experiment.Fresh water products such as shrimps, eels, small fishes and loaches, as well as various species of mushrooms were found to be selenium-rich foods in Keshan Disease area. Their selenium contents ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 ppm.The authors are of the opinion that one may select any method introduced above and at the same time urge the people to take more selenium-rich foods in their diets, thus residents in Keshan Disease areas would obtain enough selenium to prevent them from being seleniumdeficient.

"medical space" in raditional society,whose principles strictly comply with the ethical principles of the family system,is compatible with social structure,no matter the"medical space in family set",or the "medical space in imperial set".So as long as familial community system of "highiy specilizing" and "functionnally diffusing" is unable to be broken through,it's impossible to give birth to the social public space of "highly generalizing".Either does modern medical service space of "functionnally specificity"which is gestated from "highly generalizing".From traditional society to modern society,"medical space in family" transits to "medical space in units" smoothly.However,market-oriented reform of medical system has a consequence of "system change" overweighting "restructuring".

Whole rice grain was dissected by hand into fractions of pericarp, ale-urone, scutellum, embryo and endosperm. For the convenience of having enough amount of samples for amino acids assay some of which were recom-bined and finally three parts, pericarp +aleurone layer, scutellum + embryo and endosperm, were obtained. Protein, lysine, methionine, threonine and valine contents were determined for each part. The data obtained indicated that although total weight of the first two parts accounted for only 7.27-8.43% of the whole grain, they contributed 14.5-15.8% protein, 29.0-30.5% lysine, 11.8% melhionine, 16.8% valine and 19.4% threonine, contained in the whole grain. During husking process it indicated that the lesser amounts of pericarp, aleurone, scutellum and embryo were retained and the larger percentage of protein and lysine was lost. This fact was identified either by a specially designed miller in the laboratory or a commonly used sand wheel miller in the factory. The suitable degree of milling for rice was discussed and it was proposed that 92% extration for rice rather rational.

Lysine and methionine contents were determined in proteins of 21 rice samples including 17 varieties grown in 11 provinces. Ranges of lysine and methionine contents on crude protein basis were 3.21-3.76% and 1.63-2.06% respectively. The lysine content was found to be negatively correlated with the protein content of rice, but no correlation was found in case of methionine when they were expressed on the basis of crude protein. The absolute amounts of lysine and methionine were positively correlated with protein contained in the samples. The importance of breeding rice variety with protein of high lysine content was discussed in relation to promoting the protein nutritive status in South China.

Total and water soluble selenium in soil, and total, tetravalent and he-xavalent selenium in drinking water were determined fluorimetrically by 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene. The digestive mixture was composed of sulphuric, perchloric acids and sodium molybdate 0.2 g of soil and 20 ml of water samples were sufficient for analysis when their selenium concentrations were at the level of 0.1 ppm and 1 ppb respectively. Coefficient of variation and recovery for soil was 12% and 92 ?6%, and for water was 4.3-5.8% and 98 ?2% respectively. Tetravalent and hexavalent selenium content could be measured differentially by the addition or omission of hydrochloric acid in ordinary water samples containing only small amounts of organic matter. In addition to tetravalent selenium substantial amounts of hexavalent selenium may occur occasionally in drinking water and it is thus necessary to add hydrochloric acid to the final digests to completely reduce hexavalent selenium to the tetravalent state for the estimation of total selenium in water samples.

A convenient microbiological method with high accuracy for cystine assay was introduced. Common foods including cereals, beans, sweet potato, fishes and other aquatic products as well as meats were selected for cystine and methionine analysis. Based on the data obtained, a brief discussion was made on the way for resolution of sulfur amino acids problem inherently in our traditional soy-cereal based diet.

By using a highly sensitive HRP-TMB method, the present study found parasympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating rat stomach originated from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus(DMV), ambiguus nucleus(AM), reticular formation between DMV and AM(RF). rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVL), lateral parvocelluler reticular nucleus (LRP), paraependymal nucloeus of the vagus (PEV), intercalated nucleus(IC) and retroambiguus nucleus(RA). There was a specific representation area of the stomach in the DMV between 0.3-0.6mm rostral to obex, and the different parts of the stomach had topographical organization within this area. The lateral portion of the DMV mainly innervated the forestomach, the medial and medial-middled portion of the DMV predominantly projected to the antrum/pylorus and corpus, respectively. The right and the left DMV did not show difference in innervating the forestomach and antrum/pylorus, but the corpus was mainly innervated by the right DMV. RF only projected to the forestomach and the corpus. RVL and RA only innervated the forestomach. AM, PEV and IC innervated all the three parts. The relationship between the different neuronal types of the DMV and the different parts of the stomach was first discussed in this paper. The forestomach, corpus and antrum/pylorus received their inputs mainly from the large and small neurons, respectively. The dentrites of the DMV contacting CSF were confirmed.

Object To study the regularity of changes on quality and yield of Coptis chinensis Franch. with its different age and month at different altitude. Methods Weighting by stoving and colorimetric analysis were used to determine the content of berberine and the weight of C. chinensis in different age and month at different altitude. Results The yield and quality of C. chinensis grown in low altitude region are better than that in high altitude region; the wight of C. chinensis in five years old is the biggest. The content of berberine of C. chinensis in six years old is the highest. And the weight and berberine content of C. chinensis in July is the highest in one year. Conclusion Results of the study may provide references for C. chinensis production and the selection of the best harvest period.