The institutional reform of Chinese food and drug administration initiated the structural adjustment proceeding of linkage and optimizing about the responsibilities and institutional integration. Local governments have adopted the synthetically localized or professional regulatory mode. It is necessary to think the general institutional reform trend by adopting the strategic height and new thinking. The paper proposed the analytical framework of Hall three-dimensional structure about the institutional reform of Chinese drug and food administration based on the analysis of the administration system evolution, institutional reform, and so on. Then the author discussed the internal relationship among some factors of the food and drug administration system. It would bring to play the function and performance of the food and drug administration based on three-dimensional system.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the responses of myocardium to short periods of ischemia/reperfusion are associated with changes in the expressions of a variety of genes. However, the characteristics of these changes are unknown.OBJECTIVE: To clone and analyze a stress-inducible gene characteristics in order to study the molecular mechanism of myocardium to short periods of ischemia/reperfusion damage.DESIGN: A controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.MATERIALS: Sixteen castrated male German Landrace-type domestic porcines, weighing between 21 and 39 kg, were provided by the laboratory of Department of Experimental of Cardiology at Bad Nauheim in Germany. The porcines were randomly divided into two groups ischemia/reperfusion group (n =14) and control group (n =2). The porcines in the ischemia/reperfusion group were observed at 0, 30 and 90 minutes of reperfusion after reocclusion, and ischemia and non-ischemia myocardial tissues were harvested from each pocrine.METHODS: The experiments were performed in the laboratory of Department of Experimental Cardiology of Max-Planck Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research at Bad Nauheim in Germany and the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July in 1998 to May in 2007. All the animals were anesthetized and thoracotomized. Following 30 minutes of stabilization, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 10 minutes followed by 30-minute reperfusion and then another 10-minute reocclusion. The porcines were killed immediately at corresponding time points. The sham-operated animals were killed without occlusion. Experimental tissue was removed from the LAD area and control tissue from the region of the left circumflex coronary artery area. Firstly, a porcine heart cDNA library was screened, DNA and deduced amino acid sequences were then analyzed. Meanwhile, short periods of myocardium ischemia/reperfusion was performed by occluding porcine LAD followed by reperfusion as mentioned above, and total RNAs isolated from myocardium or a variety of other tissues were used for Northern blotting. Quantitation of mRNA levels was accomplished by using a PhosphorImager and Image Quant software, the ration of mRNA/18S rRNA was suggested as the level of gene expression.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① DNA and amino acid sequences analysis of the cloned gene; ② Analysis of the cloned gene expression.RESULTS: All the 16 porcines were involved in the final analysis of results. After screening, a cDNA fragment with 3 461 base pairs was obtained. DNA sequencing and searching revealed that this cDNA shared 86% identity to human structural maintenance of chromosome 6 gene (hSMC6), and 84% identity to Mus musculus SMC6 (mSMC6). Furthermore, a largest polypeptide deduced from this cDNA contained 1007 amino acid residues, and protein homology searching indicated that the predicted polypeptide carried 92% and 89% identity to hSMC6 or mSMC6 protein respectively. Thus, the cloned cDNA was referred to as a porcine homology gene to hSMC6 (pSMC6). The results of Northern blotting showed that the expression of the pSMC6 mRNA in ischemia/reperfusion myocardium was increased, and its mRNA existed in all organs tested. CONCLUSION: A stress-inducible gene of pSMC6 from porcine myocardium has been cloned, which is high homology to hSMC6 gene, and the pSMC6 or along with other molecules is possible involved in the early repair of myocardium to DNA damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion in the porcine heart.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of tissue engineering for treating tendon injury.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in Medline and China Academic Journals Database with the key words of "Biological material, Sinew mechanism heals" in both English and Chinese from 1974 to 2009. Relevant books were hand-retrieved.RESULTS: Scholars at home and abroad tried to investigate how to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis by endogenous and exogenous growth factors so as to promote tendon repairing, relieve tendon adhesion, and decrease attenuation of biomechanical intensity. Tendon detect was mainly treated by autologous tendon transplantation,allogeneic tendon transplantation, artificial tendon transplantation, and tissue-engineered tendon transplantation. All those methods had both advantages and disadvantages. However, artificial biomaterial tendon has attracted much attention and it has been used for clinical application. Of course, there are still more problems to be solved, for example, source of tissue-engineered seed cells, immunological reaction of allogeneic tendon cells, specific mechanical intension, preparation and selection of degradable scaffold materials, correlation between cell and scaffold materials, and correlation between cell-material compound and peripheral tissues. With the development of tendon repairing and healing, single drug which was used to prevent tendon adhesion has developed into drug-barrier compound. Additionally, with the development of Chinese herb and molecular biological products, they not only inhibited exogenous healing, but also promote endogenous healing. Meanwhile, simple surgery has also developed into combined therapy.CONCLUSION: Although biomaterials for tendon repairing have achieved breakthrough in some respects, the results need also to be further studied.

Objective:To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in adolescents by cone-beam computered tomography (CBCT).Methods:366 mandibular first permanent molars in 1 83 adolescents aged 1 2 -1 6 years were examined by CBCT from July,201 2 to December,201 3.The age,sex,the number of roots and canals and canal morphology were re-corded.The data were statistically analyzed by software SPSS 1 9.0.Results:365 mandibular first permanent molars showed single mesial root except one with C-shaped root;282(77.05%)teeth had one distal root,83(22.68%)had two.356(97.27%)teeth had two mesial canals and 9(2.46%)had one.229(62.57%)teeth had one distal root with one canal,53(1 4.48%)had one distal root with two canals.83(22.68%)had two distal roots with one canal in each root,one (0.27%)had C-shaped root with three canals. There were no significant differences between males and females and between the two sides on the number of roots and number of ca-nals.Conclusion:Majority of mandibular first molars have two roots,the root change occurs in distal root.The prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars has no significant difference between genders and 2 sides.

0 5).Conclusions The measurement of platelet membrane GPⅡbⅢa complexes by FCM can provide a simple, sensitive and reliable method for G T diagnosis,and also can be applied to analysis of GT family pedigree.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of survivin in acute leukemia. Methods By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique, survivin gene expression was detected in 43 acute leukemia(AL). Results Survivin gene expression rate in the cells of AL patients at diagnosis was 69.77%(30/43). Survivin mRNA expression rate in both 18 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 25 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia(ANLL) (72.22% and 68.0% respectively) was signficantly higher than that in control group (33.33%,P0.05). Conclusions Survivin gene was highly expressed in AL patients and could be a potential target for treatment of AL.

Objectives To establish culture system for unilineage differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD 34 + cells into granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets. Methods After CD 34 + cells were separated by midiMACS using micro beads conjugated with anti-CD 34 monoclonal antibody, these cells were induced to specifically differentiate along granulocyte, erythrocyte or platelet by adding appropriate hematopoietic growth factors including SCF plus G-CSF, EPO or TPO. Then morphology, immunological phenotype and function analysis were performed to identify these induced cells. Results After induced unilineage differentiation, the percentages of CD 15 +, GPA + and CD 41 + cells were 81 17%, 95 35% and 77 82%, respectively. These induced cells acquired terminal cell's morphologies. The cells from the granulocytic culture had the ability to phagocytose Chinese ink and plate-like particles could aggregate under the action of thrombin. Conclusion The culture system for unilineage differentiation of CD 34 + cells into erythrocytes, granulocytes, or platelets was established, which was a basis for the research about cell treatment, gene regulation and exogenous gene expression in hemopoiesis.

Objective To investigate clinical treatment status in early hospitalized patients with acute ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods The data of hospitalized patients with STEMI admitted between January 2001 and June 2005 were retrospectively collected and studied from medical records of the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.Results A total of 773 cases were investigated,71.80% of the patients were male,the median age was 66.0 years,and the hospitalization duration was 11.0 days.The median duration from the onset of STEMI to the arrival in the wards was 210 min.The median initiation time of door-to-needle or door-to-balloon treatment for reperfusion therapy was 60 and 100 minutes,respectively.As to the selection of the reperfusion strategies,patients who were male,younger(age

A 38-year-old man complained of multiple papules and nodules in the left retroauricular region for 38 years. On physical examination, there were tens of irregularly sized, skin-colored or pink papules and nodules in the left retroauricular region. Pathological examination showed a large irregularly shaped unilocular cystic space surrounded by a fibrous pseudocapsule in the dermis. The cystic space was lined by a double layer of epithelial cells, including an outer layer of flattened vacuolated myoepithelial cells and an inner layer of cuboidal or columnar secretory cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Apocrine secretion was present. Numerous hyperplastic apocrine glands were seen in the deep dermis. A final diagnosis of multiple apocrine hidrocystomas accompanied by apocrine hyperplasia was rendered based on the clinical and pathological presentations.

To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occlusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/*complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnosis ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery ; *Cholesterol ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/*complications ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/surgery ; Otitis Media/diagnosis ; Otitis Media/*etiology ; Retrospective Studies