In the pathology teaching process,teachers can help students comprehend the essential knowledge of pathology by means of dialectical thinking.The dialectical thinking method not only can make the students memorize the information better,but also can develop the correct thinking method of students and improve their capability of analyzing and solving problems.

Objective To investigate the clinical pathological feature and treatment of cystosarcoma phyllodesand.Methods 12 cases of cystosarcoma phyllodesand after surgical were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among the 12 cases cystosarcoma phyllodesand,5 cases underwent total mastectomy,2 cases underwent modified radical mastectomy,1 case underwent local excision and reserve nipple,and 4 cases underwent lesion removed and reserve nipple or gland.All cases were follow up between 1～18 years,1 case lost,2 cases recurred after surgical 1.5 and 2.0 years and cystosarcoma were removed again,and other patients were free from cancer cell.Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment of the cystosarcoma phyllodesand are based on the pathology.It is difficult to predict the behavior by the pure histology from the cell appearance,recurrence of the cystosarcoma phyllodesand is relevant with the different classification tumor and size.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of tissue engineering for treating tendon injury.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in Medline and China Academic Journals Database with the key words of "Biological material, Sinew mechanism heals" in both English and Chinese from 1974 to 2009. Relevant books were hand-retrieved.RESULTS: Scholars at home and abroad tried to investigate how to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis by endogenous and exogenous growth factors so as to promote tendon repairing, relieve tendon adhesion, and decrease attenuation of biomechanical intensity. Tendon detect was mainly treated by autologous tendon transplantation,allogeneic tendon transplantation, artificial tendon transplantation, and tissue-engineered tendon transplantation. All those methods had both advantages and disadvantages. However, artificial biomaterial tendon has attracted much attention and it has been used for clinical application. Of course, there are still more problems to be solved, for example, source of tissue-engineered seed cells, immunological reaction of allogeneic tendon cells, specific mechanical intension, preparation and selection of degradable scaffold materials, correlation between cell and scaffold materials, and correlation between cell-material compound and peripheral tissues. With the development of tendon repairing and healing, single drug which was used to prevent tendon adhesion has developed into drug-barrier compound. Additionally, with the development of Chinese herb and molecular biological products, they not only inhibited exogenous healing, but also promote endogenous healing. Meanwhile, simple surgery has also developed into combined therapy.CONCLUSION: Although biomaterials for tendon repairing have achieved breakthrough in some respects, the results need also to be further studied.

0 5).Conclusions The measurement of platelet membrane GPⅡbⅢa complexes by FCM can provide a simple, sensitive and reliable method for G T diagnosis,and also can be applied to analysis of GT family pedigree.

Objectives To establish culture system for unilineage differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD 34 + cells into granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets. Methods After CD 34 + cells were separated by midiMACS using micro beads conjugated with anti-CD 34 monoclonal antibody, these cells were induced to specifically differentiate along granulocyte, erythrocyte or platelet by adding appropriate hematopoietic growth factors including SCF plus G-CSF, EPO or TPO. Then morphology, immunological phenotype and function analysis were performed to identify these induced cells. Results After induced unilineage differentiation, the percentages of CD 15 +, GPA + and CD 41 + cells were 81 17%, 95 35% and 77 82%, respectively. These induced cells acquired terminal cell's morphologies. The cells from the granulocytic culture had the ability to phagocytose Chinese ink and plate-like particles could aggregate under the action of thrombin. Conclusion The culture system for unilineage differentiation of CD 34 + cells into erythrocytes, granulocytes, or platelets was established, which was a basis for the research about cell treatment, gene regulation and exogenous gene expression in hemopoiesis.

Objective To investigate the changes in biologic behavior of dendritic cells (DCs) after being modified by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Methods In order to obtain the hTERT gene modified DCs, DCs were transfected with a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of hTERT. Then the expression to hTERT and PCNA was assessed by by Western blot, mature markers on DCs surface were detected by flow cytometry, and the proliferative capacity was determined by MTT method. Results Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting showed that the expression of hTERT was upregulated obviously in DCs after being modified by hTERT gene. Flow cytometry indicated that the expression of CD83 and CD86 remained unchanged. The DC growth curve showed that the number of DC-hTERT was increased slightly in the first 2 weeks, meanwhile the number of DC/rAd-LacZ and DC was decreased obviously. Although the number in 3 groups was all decreased in the third week, the number of DC/rAd-hTERT was still greater than the other control groups. It was also found that the expression of PCNA was increased in DC/rAd-hTERT compared with that of immature DC, mature DC or DC/rAd-LacZ by Western blot. Conclusion After rAd-hTERT modification, life span of DC in vitro is extended and proliferative capacity is enhanced.

Objective To evaluate the practical efficacy of comparison method in experimental teaching of pathological anatomy.Methods The junior college students of stomatology were divided into experimental group (n =48) and control group (n =48) randomly.Students in experimental group adopted the experimental teaching with comparison method of pathological anatomy and histology while those in control group followed the traditional experimental teaching.Experiment examination results of two groups were compared and questionnaire investigation was carried out among students in experimental group.Results Average score of experiment examination in experimental group was (88.35 ±5.68) while that in control group was (78.35 ±4.86),with statistical differences (P ＜0.01).The results of questionnaire investigation showed that students in experiment group preferred comparison teaching method.Conclusions Comparison teaching method is feasible,the mechanism of which emphasizes gaining new knowledge by reviewing the old and strengthens the contact of basic subjects,therefore it is conducive to enhancing the quality of pathological experimental teaching.

Objective To investigate the relationship between correlative factors of ambulatory arterial stiffness in-dex (AASI) and target organ damage (TOD) in patients with primary hypertensive. Methods A total of 330 hypertensive pa-tients were included in the study and divided into two groups according to the value of AASI:low AASI group (n=167) and high AASI group (n=163). The value of AASI was obtained from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM). The clinical data were collected including general information, the data of ABPM, results of coronary angiography, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ankle brachial index (ABI) in two groups. Results There were significantly higher values of age (years:64.91 ± 9.70 vs 59.12 ± 10.00), the proportion of diabetes (33.8% vs 14.8%), the proportion of non-dipper patterns of hypertension (65.6%vs 43.7%), 24-hour pulse pressure (PP, mmHg:65.27± 11.31 vs 56.06±10.51), 24-hour diastolic blood pressure standard deviation(DBPSD, mmHg:9.64±2.47 vs 8.31±2.31), the number of coronary artery lesions (1.78±1.10 vs 1.27±1.07), LVMI (g/m2:125.74±29.65 vs 107.69±23.23) and the proportion of peripheral vascular disease (27.3%vs 16.4%) in high AASI group than those in low AASI group (P<0.01). The level of eGFR was significantly lower in high AASI group than that in low AASI group [mL/(min · 1.73 m2):85.31 ± 20.31 vs 99.67 ± 17.76]. There were positive correlation between AASI and coronary lesions (r=0.235), LVMI(r=0.168) and peripheral vascu-lar disease (r=0.167). And there was a negative correlation between AASI and eGFR (r=-0.187). The multiple linear regres-sion analysis showed that age, diabetes, PP, DBPSD and non-dipper patterns of hypertension were the predictors of AASI. Conclusion AASI correlated with age, diabetes, PP, blood pressure variability and non-dipper patterns of hypertension. The higher level of AASI may relate to the development of TOD in patients with primary hypertensive.

Background and Objective Large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the routine use ofdrug-eluting stents is safe and effective, however, the patients older than 75 years undergoing PCI are at increased risk for major adverse cardiac events, so that the patients are usually excluded from this trial. The aim of the present study was to assess the early clinical outcome and risk factors in old patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following primary PCI. Methods We analyzed the outcome after stenting in 136 patients older than 60 years in our coronary care unit with acute STEMI, and the patients were further classified in 2 age groups: patients≥75 years and <75 years. Results Though the older group had a higher prevalence of adverse baseline characteristics and lower final TIMI flow than those of the younger, the procedural success had no difference between two groups. The main adverse clinical events (MACE) for the old group was a little higher comparing with the younger in 12-month following up. Conclusions Our study suggest that drug-eluting stent implantation in elderly patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction has high initial procedural success rates despite having more severe baseline risk characteristics, and to shorten the time form symptom onset to PC1 and improve final TIMI flow strategy may decrease MACE among old patients following PCI.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of white blood cell and hemoglobin in patients with acute aortic dissection(AAD).Methods White blood cell.hemoglobin and fibrinogen were measured in 42 AAD patients.The mortality during hospitalization was observed and the short-term prognosis in AAD patients was as-seased.Results There was 13 death during hospitalization.with the mortality of 30.95%.The value of white blood cell was higher in death group than in survival group[(13.73±6.91)×109>/L vs.(9.43±4.97)×109>/L.P< 0.05).The value of hemoglobin was lower in death group of than in survival group[(118.54±22.38)g/L vs. (131.72±18.17) g/L,P<0.05].There were no differences in the value of fibrinogen between the groups [(3.15±1.15)g/L vs.(3.48±1.24)g/L,P>0.05).The mortality in the group of elevated white blood cell(≥10.0×109>/L)was higher than that in the group of normal white blood cell(10.0×109/L)(41.18%vs.24%.P<0.05).The mortality in the group of decreased hemoglobin(≤110g/L)was higher than that in the group of nor-mal hemoglobin(>110 g/L)(50.00%vs.27.78%,P<0.05).Conclusion The value of white blood cell and he-moglobin could help to assess the short-term prognosis of patients with AAD.